 Thanks everyone for joining us from all over the world today to discuss and share experiences on why and how to manage risks by working with nature. The event is one of the many events hosted by IED as part of the Development and Climate Days at the Understanding Risk 2020 Forum this year. My name is Xiaoting. You're a moderator today and a senior researcher at IED based in England. So in the next 50 to 55 minutes, we would like to discuss with all of you why and how to manage risks through nature-based solutions. The session builds on an earlier session today that I hope some of you joined that highlighted why biodiversity loss is an underestimated risk for us and should be tackled jointly with climate change risks and many other risks we're experiencing in this day of age and the nature-based solutions are actions that protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems to address those interlinked societal challenges like biodiversity loss and climate change. Downwell, nature-based solutions can have very wide-reaching economic, social and environmental benefits. For example, biodiversity agriculture production systems can help farmers reduce the risks of loss of pollinators or degradation as well as helping them manage the risks of climate change including drought and floods. Mangroves and coral reefs can help reduce the risks of severe storm surge damage to coastal communities and provide them with diverse incomes to tourism and sustainable fishing. In today's event, we'll hear from representatives from government, farmer and private sector sharing their perspectives and experiences. We are also looking forward to learn and hear from all of you in the audience and we'll try to make this virtual session as interactive as possible. Though we won't be able to see you on this virtual platform, the virtual space does offer of us many ways to actively participate. So throughout the event, please feel free to share your perspectives, experiences, reflections on what you heard from speakers or what you have experienced in your own line of work on why and how to manage risk through nature-based solution. You can put those into the chat box. You're also welcome to leave questions to the speakers in the chat box. Please specify which speaker or speaker the question is directed to. If you see any questions other participants ask you really like, you can also say in the chat box that you're interested to learn the answers to the same question. At the very end of the session, we'll have about 20 minutes today for other speakers to respond to your questions after the presentation. So if there's any question that we feel many people expressed interest in, then we can prioritize those and feel free to answer each other's questions well if you feel like your experience can contribute to the answers. We do really encourage you all to interact with each other in the chat box throughout the event. So in addition, you can also engage in the discussions through Mentimeter. So based on your experiences and what you hear from speakers today, you can use one word to answer the following question. What benefit can nature-based solution bring to managing risk? Throughout the event, you can go to menti.com and use the code 5409540. You can enter one word each time when you use the code. But as you get inspired throughout the event by speakers and each other, you can always go back to the mentee and enter new words and new ideas. We will look at the final result from mentee at the end of the event. And I think one of my colleagues can also pop this mentee instruction into the chat box. So you can always refer back to the code and instructions throughout the event. So now I would like to invite our first speaker all the way from South Africa, Mike Jennings. Mike is the strategic grant manager at South African National Biodiversity Institute. He has over 10 years of experience in developing and overseeing the implementation of climate change adaptation projects. Mike will share with us why and how South African governments have been managing risk through nature-based solutions. Over to you, Mike. Thanks. Thanks very much. Hello, everyone. My name is Mike Jennings. And as shouting said, I work for the South African National Biodiversity Institute, which is a government institution under the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries. I'm going to be telling you a little bit about one of the projects that Sandy oversees, the Amgeni resilience project, which is funded by the adaptation fund. So this project is not government funded, but it is led by a local government. And it is very important pilot project to demonstrate the value of nature-based solutions in managing risk at the local government level. Essentially what the project is aiming to do is influence relevant policies and procedures to change the way the government funding is directed to better manage climate-induced risks. So this next slide is just to give you an idea about what the landscape looks like, where the Amgeni resilience project is implemented. It's rural, it's remote, steeply sloped. Community members have to travel on foot and have to cross rivers to get to schools, clinics and transport nodes. It's forested in places, heavily infested with alien plants on the slopes, with grazing lands in the valley bottomed. And there's lots of subsistence home gardening and livestock grazing and generally a high dependence on ecosystem goods and services. The climate threats in this area, which are already being experienced and are forecast to get worse, are increased in severe rainfall events and storms leading to flash flooding down these steep slopes, and also strong winds and lightning, as well as increases in temperature, number of hot days, and seasonal shifts and longer dry spells leading to drought and increased fire risks. So communities living in this area are extremely vulnerable and at risk to climate induced disaster events. So briefly, these climate threats are exacerbated by a whole bunch of non-climate related issues. I won't spend any time on them, but the so-called triple challenge in South Africa of poverty, inequality and unemployment, poorly constructed houses like the example in the top left of your screen, poor land use planning and ineffective enforcement or policing of regulations, such as houses being built within wetlands, such as on the top right, dense informal settlements with a whole suite of issues in the bottom left, and then steep slopes and widespread erosion and ecosystem degradation, such as on the bottom right. So back to the ecological infrastructure part of the project. So this is an example of a typical grassland in the area. The climate change induced shifts are resulting in late onset of rains and a longer dry season. And what that means is that cattle on the grasslands for longer than they should be, which leads to overgrazing. When rains do fall, as I said, they're now often in severe thunderstorms, which results in the loss of topsoil and extensive galley erosion and downstream deposition opportunities, which essentially is compromising the ability of wetlands and the area to attenuate flooding and deliver other ecosystem goods and services on which the local community are so dependent, and at the same time is decreasing the current capacity of the grasslands. This perpetuates additional overgrazing and increases the risk of flooding and the risk to livelihoods in local communities. So it's a it's a negative cycle caused by climate change. So while it's coming up in response to this, the Emgeni resilience project has adopted a nature-based solutions approach to address these risks that are exacerbated by climate change. There are several integrates interventions being implemented such as the restoration of grasslands and wetlands, some of the planning which you can see here in the picture, the removal of alien invasive plants, cutting off fire breaks and working with communities and traditional authorities to put in place grazing management plans, all ended addressing the issues I just mentioned. There are also a number of complementary interventions that are not necessarily nature-based such as early warning systems for flooding when the tenuating ability of the restored rivers and wetlands is simply exceeded and communities need to need to leave the river catchments, as well as early warning systems for fire, lightning and drought. And then there's a program of work focused on the built environment as well as climate smart and regenerative agriculture but I won't go into those now. You'll see in this next slide there's a couple of photos on the left is an example of a galley before and during restoration and we haven't quite got to the after yet but what I really want to highlight here is in addition to the on-the-ground restoration work is the capacity-building awareness and policy work that the project is undertaking. At a community level there's been a huge amount of awareness-raising material that has been developed and shared like info sheets and flyers in local languages such as up top there and all sorts of graphics that have been talked through with the community as well as capacity-building and bringing communities into the design of interventions with the ultimate goal of instilling a sense of local ownership based on an understanding of value of these nature-based solutions which then means ecological assets are protected. At a local government level there's been a different different type of awareness-raising and capacity-building with government decision makers. There's been policy work to identify which policies to target to integrate these nature-based solution approaches into ongoing operations of local government with associated allocations of budget which is of course vital. As part of this project a toolkit was developed and decision makers and traditional authorities to mainstream these in this case ecosystem-based adaptation solutions into local planning. In some sense it's been an easy sell. The disaster management officers at local government level are mandated to respond to incidents of the disasters occur and they are inundated with calls after these climate-induced disasters strike and what it ends up looking like is these officers handing out relief packages so responding retrospectively to risk and the idea is to redirect government budget to take a more of a proactive approach including a focus on nature-based solutions to mitigate these risks and prevent or reduce the impacts of these climate-induced disasters. It's just another landscape shot of the area where some of the alien invasive removal is taking place. I think the area is beautiful. If you live there obviously you're exposed to a whole whole suite of risks as I've described and then the next slide is just the last slide which shows some of the community beneficiaries in this case you go to the next slide a woman's farming cooperative that was established in the area. So I focused on this project. Zambi is also developing a very interesting project under the Green Planet Fund which is taking this and a whole bunch of ongoing nature-based solution of policy work to scale through what we call an ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction project that's only a proposal now so I didn't want to focus on it but that'll be a chance to talk more in your Q&A session. Thank you very much. I believe that's my seven minutes. Thanks very much Mike. Thanks for highlighting that how the triple challenge of poverty, climate change, biodiversity risks are interlinked and can exacerbate each other and causing the negative cycle and how nature-based solutions coupled with other technologies can work together effectively to monitor, assess and actively manage those interlinked risks and also highlighting the importance of bringing local voices and the values to make those solutions work and I just want to say welcome to all the people who just joined us please do keep introducing yourself in the chat box and remember we also have a mentimeter going which has a link in the chat box please follow that as well and then I would like to invite our second speaker who will take us all the way from South Africa to Asia, Vuli Yvau who is a senior advisor for Forest Farm Facility at the Vietnam Farmers Union. Yvau has deep experiences and the interest in policy advocacy, education, training to enhance the capacity of farming organizations and she has a lot of experience developing community-based and nature-based solutions in the forest and agriculture sector so over to you Yvau. Okay, hi everyone my name is Yvau. I work for the Vietnam Farmers Union and today I am very pleased to talk with you how VNFU integrates the NBS in tourist management for forest and farm producers. The Vietnam Farmers Union has more than 10 million members in the whole country in the forestry sector of the country. And one third of them they are living in forestry and forest landscape and mountainous area. This is why today we talk about how we can help them to manage the risk. I do know that farmers have many problems. First we see that the biodiversity loss due to the urban chemicals and deforestation, soil erosion already pose a big risk to farmers in Vietnam because the farmer lost access to natural resources and country heritage that are important for their farming and forestry business and way of life. And the district is converted by climate change and more frequent and several floods and drought impact the production for farm and forestry product every year. And this year we have the COVID impact to their life more seriously because some products are broken supply chain and it may be worthwhile to mention how small farmers and especially for example that you can say that they often have limited resources and capacity to manage their risk. And the lack of financial services for example the insurance and some other credit that can help farmers mitigate their risk. And how Vietnam Farmer Union to integrate the NBS into risk management. First we use a participatory approach in home process to help them. We carefully listen to farmers and identify the risk and their difficulty and how we can use the NBS to respond to their problem. And we organize a round table discussion at all levels and this is a key to open the door and invest the local authority public and private sector to support and work with the NBS to manage the risk through the NBS. We present for them and we organize a training for training for farmers in different subjects including the risk management and business planning. We improve their their capacity and based on the NBS and risk management strategy. And we also support them to work on business like business implementation and value chain approach linked with responsible natural resources used in business planning contract farming with the company and private sector to supply and develop the sustainable product chain with certification like organic farm, organic certification, participatory warranty system for small farmer, certification or global or vietnam we use in vietnam etc. And we organize a peer-to-peer learning and and each and visit among the farmer and they can learn each other through this activity and they create some ideas among farmers. Yes and how we continue to work with farmer. Vietnam farmer we not only work with farmer but we also work with the policy maker with the other ministry and now we encourage and work advocate how we develop some policy on forest and forest and agricultural combination policy and we continue to support FPO to implement NBS sustainable forest and farm practices, organic certification to respond to risks and we continue to to work with the farmer to assess risk and in their landscape and supporting them to implement the forest landscape approach to use the NBS to manage the mental risk and like the biodiversity loss and climate change and we still work with the farmer it is especially important to not just we support farmer to build in systematic risk management and management into their business we also train those farmers to use the ecosystem ecosystem-based approach and to manage those risks and develop product value chain with the private sector and sustainable in sustainable way yes and we continue to work with other stakeholders and we make the communication and propaganda for the farmer for the people understand what is the NBS and how we can NBS approach to solve the problem with the society thank you very much. Thanks Yvonne, thanks for sharing the interesting experiences from Vietnam and how those risks can actually be incorporated into business models and business incubations and the fact that the way to promote nature-based solutions implementation is not only important to understand the technical side but it's also important to work with policymakers build different capacities there's various other work we need to do to make nature-based solution for managing those risks important risks for vulnerable farmers into their business models so now we're going to switch landscape we have been on land but we're now going to go to the ocean side and the whole waste chip con lift the director of sustainable development and the AXA XL chip established and the manage AXA's ocean risk initiative which works to identify innovative insurance and the finance solutions to the impacts and implications of ocean related risk he also co-chairs the ocean risk and the resilience action alliance that that was launched in 2019. Over to you Chip. Thank you very much indeed look as as Xiaoting just said I've I do run the social risk initiative and the idea is to integrate nature-based solutions into our risk management solutions. We know that coastal ecosystems of course provide that protective barrier but of course and yet they also provide jobs and livelihoods and food security and carbon sequestration and biodiversity alongside and yet I think we're still very aware that they are still under undervalued and probably readily incorporated into risk model risk management strategies and indeed models as well and yet I think that they are a critical component of disaster risk management and and indeed plummet adaptation in countries that lack that financial resource to fund relief and recovery and post-disaster reconstruction efforts. We know that you know 800 billion people will be at risk from storm surge linked to extreme weather events by 2050. The insurance industry has paid out over 300 billion dollars in the last 10 years for coastal storm damage and yet given that not everybody has insurance it's quite likely that huge amounts of money will have been paid out by the the lender of last resort so governments themselves and so the the UN has asked for a transformative response in the space and I think there's a real need to shift the trajectory by anticipating the risks through mitigation but also through adaptation as well and that of course links to to native-based solutions. We know that there's been quite a lot of work to calculate the protective benefits of ecosystems and in terms of mangroves and reefs that's particularly important. Research suggests that for a 100-year storm event flood damages would increase by 91% to over 270 billion dollars if you took those reefs away and indeed if you if you look at mangroves you know their flood protection benefits are worth about 65 billion dollars a year and so if you take those away you're looking at 15 million more people being flooded annually across the world. I think that given that the nature spent many millions of years protecting those coastlines with those with with nature itself then it seems a logical next step for us to be able to integrate the protective benefits into our risk management approaches. One of the things that we are doing in fact before we go on to this coast risk index last month we announced and launched a feasibility study with our with the nature conservancy in the University of California Santa Cruz on the feasibility of developing a mangrove insurance product. The idea is to assess the risk reduction of benefits of mangroves across the Caribbean and we examined the the opportunities for developing mangrove and indeed indemnity products to cover the cost of restoring mangroves after a severe weather event and we found that over 3 000 kilometers of coastline in seven different countries across the Caribbean have favorable market conditions for that for that kind of insurance but looking at this coastal risk index well the idea behind this is really to to to price risk with and without healthy reef and mangrove ecosystems so of course if you take away a reef the risk profile on land will change whether that be for an asset or a community and so that the the idea behind the index is is sort of is very much to look at three different areas one is the the the risk to physical assets from storm surge and sea level rise a second piece is about assessing social vulnerability and flood hazard and then thirdly to look at the the risk to income streams linked to the degradation of those ecosystems and the idea is really to to enable us to transfer that risk from coastal communities it's certainly to be able to help multilateral agencies to better assess the risk profile of target countries but then looking at the more sort of the localized level is is to assist those local policymakers to map their liabilities and to direct those funds more effectively and of course all of all of the above will help us to protect and manage more sustainably those ecosystems as well so just in terms of the links to vulnerable communities as Xiaoting said I co-chair the ocean risk and resilience action alliance which has a name of driving 500 million dollars worth of investment into nature-based solutions along coastlines by 2030 it's been all the G7 countries signed up to it we're working with members in the global south and our focus is very much on this small and developing states and emerging economies but we're also working across private sectors and the NGO and MDBs as well and as you can see here there are three different pillars one about practice innovation science and research and policy and governance and more specifically in the in the Philippines working with rare we're working on linking fisherfolk to more formal financial services so using micro insurance to strengthen their financial resilience of fisherfolk and the idea then is to be able to decrease the need to over fish in those waters and increase the adaptive capacity of communities and building the resilience of the local economy when we're focused on science and research we're working with a stock home resilience center on a couple of pieces of research one is about addressing the gender dimension of ocean risk as we see on this slide but also we are developing and assessing emerging opportunities and risks for smaller and developing states and and LDCs from the growing blue economy and then finally we as Aura itself is really trying to promote the enabling policies to drive investment into those most vulnerable areas of the world so look I think that just to wrap up you know there's there's a lot of work that can be done I think there's there's some work well we obviously starting work in this space but I think nature-based solutions can and should be integrated into risk management solutions ongoing shouting back to you thanks so much Chip thanks for highlighting those darking numbers at the beginning that really brings home the message why we need to work with nature to manage those climate change risks and very interesting to hear those innovative ways from the insurance sector on how moving towards building those risks in insurance approach so nature's role in disaster risk management kind of is no longer really underestimated and I just want to remind everyone to ask questions to the speakers we really want to hear from you and also participate in the mentee meeting and with that I'll just try to invite every speaker all the speakers back there is one question that being posted by the participant and so all the speakers talked about how nature-based solution can benefit a human human societies through many different ecosystem services I think the question more is more about than do you from your experience working with nature and those nature-based solutions how does then it impact nature itself is there any evidence that that actually those approaches that to you see in communities might I think with you restoration in South Africa's drylands and the grasslands and then evolve in Vietnam working with farmers for different more sustainable agricultural forestry farming activities and forestry activities and the chip in the ocean landscape where the mangroves and the coral reefs being restored have you seen the impacts on nature itself can it help nature itself also to recover from the various risks nature face at the moment so I think maybe we go back to Mike first sure Sha Tingya so thanks for the question I mean I do agree certainly from from Sandy's side a focus of the adaptation fund is on the most vulnerable populations so so a lot of our work focuses on on our nature-based solutions can build the resilience of those vulnerable communities but at the same time there's absolutely benefits for for for nature or for ecosystems you know the areas where we are working are degraded so through you know these these restoration and rehabilitation practices or through protecting intact areas strategic water source areas are a good example you know there's improved ecological functioning there's biodiversity benefits there's carbon sequestration that happens in soil carbon and a whole suite of benefits so I think it's a case of a no regrets approach in that there's downstream benefits to communities as well as as benefits to nature and ecological systems as well I think an important aspect in this regard is also working within corridors of biodiversity from Sandy's perspective so you know taking out what we call a catchment to coast approach so instead of doing pockets of restoration which might benefit you know communities surrounding that area if you can if you can take a corridor approach where where areas are restored or protected all the way through from inland to inland where the rain falls and water is stored all the way down through the through the landscape to the coast then there's a there's great many benefits in those corridors of biodiversity can can be through thanks thanks that's great last point on how when we think about the impacts on nature it's not just the pockets you really need to think about the corridor and interlinked factor of how the ecosystem resilience and the impact on nature itself need to be think at a bigger scale and Eval can we go to you next in Vietnam what have you seen the impacts on nature itself yes in Vietnam when we work with one area we make the baseline study in baseline study we invite a forest farmer and local authority to join and based on that they determine what they have in the area what they have in forest the water and land and based on that we we show them that if we use our natural resources with responsibility we can not we not only to you to improve our forest but we also can have the biodiversity in the forest landscape and we can get more money from by diverse diversity of product under the forest this is very important when we have the relative discussion and group discussion with the farmer this is why when we we have the planning to use a natural based solution almost the people understand if they do not understand some people maybe cut the forest and maybe some people want to use a forest land for cultivation for agricultural cultivation this is why very important we have to make the planning based on society discussion and almost the people in that area have to understand and to discuss how they have the solution this is first issue and the second thing sometimes we we we have the planning what area we can develop the forest what area we can develop the farm product we work together and we develop the value chain from the forest product and agricultural product with the friendly environment friendly farming like organic farming like ecosystem farming based on that people understand that if they have the good quality of product they can sell with high the price they can subsidize their livelihood they can get more money they think can keep the forest for a longer time this is this is the thing i i think that after they understand we have to help them to go on business issue and develop their product by value chain and work private sector and the third thing in some cases if they they they live in forest area but some companies they build the hydro power they have to pay money for those for for local authority to subsidy for the people who are living in that area we call it the environment ecosystem fund payment this is very important that almost the people in that area have to to to to to to think how we can keep the forest and natural resources if the company they want to do some tourism business they have to pay for the people there also this is why we encourage the people not only the the government or the farmer to have to to use the natural resources with the responsibility used but the company and other people they get more money from their services and from the forest from the water they have to pay money also yes it is the way we work together but in some cases if we do not have the right to have a discussion among monthly stakeholder the people do not concentrate about their responsibility but when we work with the farmer and with uh relevant stakeholder and local authority also and government officer on forestry and agriculture we create the forum for people to talk for the farmer to talk about their problem and almost the people have to think and have to discuss how with the problem based on the nature uh the laser based solutions this is why we we think that's what we have to work and listen to the farmer difficulty the second thing we create the forum and not to be discussed among stakeholders to to discuss how we solve problems and the third thing we advocate the policy maker and ministry and government officer to step by step to develop the policy how we can respond to the problem of farmer based on the natural resource and natural uh solution based solutions and the third thing i think the education from farmer very important also if farmer understand they not only use a very um uh responsibly with their farming but they also talk with other stakeholders and they can uh they can uh use their resource very carefully for example we have the bamboo forest when we teach them how the bamboo forest can help them not only in the environment protection uh prevents and floods and etc but they can keep for people there the water from the the the the mountain this is why when farmer understand they not only uh protect the bamboo forest but they can use the water from the mountain to their right field and they they can create some tourism forest tourism for the people to come there to earn the more money but they keep the forest and they uh they they they can make some handicrafts of the from the forest they they sound to the tourism but they still keep the nature very carefully and i think it's very important that we have to listen to the people discuss with society how we can solve problems and then we work with them to determine the solution based on the natural resources and encourage almost stakeholders to work together i think it's very important wait thanks and uh yeah it's good to hear that the importance of having that baseline at the very beginning so then you understand the local conditions of nature and then you can monitor better the impacts of nature and design appropriate local solutions and also quite interesting then to also hear that the reason that i think all the speakers has been talking about how nature can benefit human human society more is because the impacts we in reality when we want to actually have the positive impacts on nature as evolved give so many examples we must show how improved nature or resilient nature can deliver benefits to most vulnerable communities who are living with those nature every day so you get more multi-stakeholder support than to ensure that there's a positive impacts on nature and ensure that nature can be restored and protected and sustainable used so that's kind of i think all speakers specifically emphasize on benefits to human and human societies because of that as evolved you speak quite eloquently giving so much so many examples from vietnam and i think we'll come back also later with all the speakers on the point you mentioned about the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborations and different roles but before we go back to that point chip over to you about the kind of how nature based solution do you have you think impacts on nature itself how does that help human but also the ecosystem to be more resilient as well yeah look i think it it's um if we're looking to help communities then we're looking obviously to you know through nature based solutions then evidently i think it's probably evident that we would see a link to the benefits for for biodiversity in nature itself and and given that the un and and you know many others are now talking about the biodiversity crisis probably um probably uh yeah we as is needed there's a real uh focus i think on driving and and being cognizant of and integrating biodiversity into our plans um AXA in 2018 um added biodiversity to its corporate responsibility focuses um and we launched last year a 350 million euro fund to invest in in biodiversity across the world in different projects and so you know for us it's very much a you know integral part of of our focus now um and hugely important that we we we look at biodiversity itself alongside the benefits to to communities um but i also think that there's a there's a piece about educational literacy here um and that the real requirement um not only for and i suppose this sort of this crosses lots of different boundaries um from formal education in schools so to to ensure that in the future we have um uh you know leaders um making decisions making sustainable uh decisions um with knowledge of what they're making a decision on and then moving into you know the corridors of power and and indeed across the private sector and and the public sectors to better understand the uh the the the importance of of biodiversity and nature um for for our for our for our health um on the planet sex trips that's really good example to hear from private sector of investing in biodiversity and making that uh integral focus of our future work and i think that also reflect if everyone knows the leaders pledge on biodiversity that have emerged in the biodiversity um by the summit in september where we see not just government not only community members but a lot of private sector also is thinking more strategically about how we need to definitely think about not just the benefits for humans but at the same time biodiversity itself which basically underlines the human resilience and the eval and the chip are both mentioned about the importance of education and the for use and the farmers are being more educated and making more informed decision in the future and again i would welcome all the uh participants to ask the questions or share your experiences on this question as well and participate in the man team meter but also at the same time i just want to go back to chip and mic both of you because evolve gave us really great examples of how that multi stakeholder platform works to promote nature-based solutions and the importance of different stakeholders having different roles to play to implement nature-based solution we heard from evals vietnam example where government has payment for ecosystem services policies that they enable farmers and gave finance to farmers to then implement nature-based solution in a watershed the importance of organizing the community itself because they are the change makers on the ground and then how to them link with private sector have a supply chain that make the nature-based solution more sustainable in the future financially and so it's not just only dependent on public sectors finance so that's a great example from vietnam mic probably going back to you in south africa do you have have you experienced that type of multi stakeholder platform do you have some examples of how different stakeholder can come together to to work as we all know multi stakeholder partnership is quite important also to ensure that we use nature to help us manage different risks for different stakeholders thanks for saying absolutely that that made multi stakeholder approaches is key and vital as you say to to to to demonstrating the benefits and sustaining the sustaining what has been put in place after for example data funding project projects end a couple of examples from the project i just mentioned in fact the the indiana resilience project um at the community that there's lots of different forums where where as you say stakeholders from government to to the private sector down to the community level are involved and all kept updated on the project progress but at the community level it was really interesting um and again these these forums were developed and and it only was at that stage that different members from the community different land users start seeing the mutual benefits of these nature-based solutions approaches um so you know where one intervention could benefit so many different people in the same way whereas before there was kind of a disconnect so farmers weren't understanding um that the same intervention could benefit them as could benefit capital and livestock grazing areas um and and once the the project took a more integrates approach the community kind of came together and there was more of a sense of sort of sense of ownership in in supporting these interventions because of the range of benefits to different stakeholders and and it's something that that um that yvonne mentioned earlier and it's so important is is that the business side went into into the private sector in fact um you know particularly for donor funded projects because the classic example is where you know donor funding ends and then what you know what what funds are available to sustain that dimension so so again in this project um uh from a business side through this multi stakeholder engagement it it became apparent that they were farmers and they were young entrepreneurs and they weren't weren't necessarily talking to each other so through cooperative terms they were established all of a sudden the farmers said well you know we have produce we're not just quite sure how to get it to market and the entrepreneurs said well we know exactly how to do that we're just not sure how to get the produce so in working together these value chains started emerging and um you know a couple of seasons into the project there's no longer need for donor funds because farmers are taking this year and then you know we are buying buying crops and and and um and inputs that need to continue farming so it's been a really really important important part of the project and there's many examples of such uh collaboration where there's been huge successes um in other projects as well thanks Great Mike yeah different stakeholders will have different knowledge of different parts of this complex the part of risk management so it's great also to hear the example from South Africa and CHIP I think the ocean risk and resilience action alliance actually is a multi stakeholder alliance itself maybe can you give it a little bit more details of how you get those multi stakeholders to work together and think about risks in the insurance perspective and making the nature as a more not no longer on the valued risk Yeah Luke I think that I mean as you say you know aura is very much that that sort of multi stakeholder stakeholder alliance and and I think that the certainly out of the ocean risk that took place in 2018 we were we've sort of realized that there were very few organizations that were sort of working in this space and the fact that if we were looking to build solutions we needed to do it across you know cross collaboration um so you know that public private partnership is is absolutely critical so the idea of of identifying and I think you know the other part of this was about you know identifying projects that could be invested in and the pipeline is very short and so the the other part of what aura is doing is is really sort of to to develop the pipeline of projects to bring together you know the risk managers and modelers the public sector to potentially bring some catalytic funding into the space alongside or concessional funding and alongside you know others from the private sector to to develop some you know collaborative solutions into the space and it can't be done in the other way you know the the insurance industry cannot impact cannot do this alone the finance industry can't do it alone the government can't do it either so we have to we have to be working together and I think that um you know the the role aura can play is sort of is being that convener um and identifying sort of the problems that we need to overcome um and and yeah developing solutions and exactly what we're trying to do thanks that's a great note to almost end our session that we are in this together and we all need to work together to think about how then we can use nature-based solution to more effectively manage risks unfortunately we're coming towards the end of the webinar um but before we finish we do want to look at the final end to me to result with all of you great yeah it's great to see there's some consensus coming through and we can see that resilience obviously is the most important thing that we need to think about long-term solutions adaptive approach to make sure that both nature and also the humans our society is resilient to adapt to all those different risks so the adaptation landscape approach inclusiveness it's great to see that those and multiple landscapes using engagement it's really important for us to keep all those different components in mind and those enabling conditions for us to all work together as Chip said so well to make sure that we can effectively work with nature to manage different risks so thanks everyone for participating and I will share this with everyone including the recording of this session on the website later and with that I just want to thank all the speakers and the participants who gave us such a rich discussion today the session as I mentioned the session has been recorded we'll see you after on the event webpage we hope this small space has provided all of you with some food for stocks and they use for contacts so please continue to discuss which is each other reach out to others you met over the webinar and the speakers so we can continue to learn from each other we do welcome you to give us any feedbacks on the webinar and also welcome you to learn more about IED's work the intersection between nature climate development including how to use nature-based solution to manage risks we very much look forward to future collaborations and continue discussion with all of you and some of the suggested readings including some how IED has documented some of the stories of how we can work with nature to manage the pandemic risk in addition to biodiversity risk and climate change risk we actually launched a story today in conjunction with the local adaptation focus of this adaptation week so you're welcome to look at those stories from all over the world on how working with nature can help people manage risks and welcome to visit our webpage on the ecosystem-based adaptation approach for climate change and also there's some really useful links being shared through the chat box through outdoor events so do have a look there's some various useful links our speaker have shared that would really highlight their points as well and again do send us feedbacks and get in touch if you have any further questions and the insights to share with us with that we can now officially close the session thanks everyone