 Take it for the drive get it and who stole the box Okay, well ladies and gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our next speaker Emily Olesino Has a BS in history Master's in education and his ISOG regional coordinator a member of the Association of Professional Genealogists and the genealogical council of Oregon now Emily is a retired school teacher, but runs several projects 11 Serename projects and various other projects on family tree DNA. She's come all the way from Oregon. Please give her a very warm welcome All right Good afternoon. Glad to see all of you here Now I've given you a handout so quickly if you will look through the handout you may not have to take a bunch of notes There are some things here that we will see on the slide So I don't want you manically copying everything so run through it And that'll help you actually when you're gone as well as like I said my book is available 15-year-old and It really is based On Helping the new people learn it goes a little beyond that if you feel frustrated my email is in it or grab my card in the back I'm always answering email all right, so Autosomal DNA it tells you about your cousins. So who are your cousins? AT DNA notes our abbreviation for autosomal This is the agenda for today we are going to go through just some general basics This is a not a high high level of doing this. This is down at the beginner level and just a bit beyond So what is autosomal DNA? How is it inherited? Chromosome mapping finding common ancestors a few statistics which are in your handout and some great success stories We inherit one Chromosome from dad and one chromosome from mom for each of our 22 chromosomes and They're numbered from 1 to 22 The largest is three times larger than chromosome 22 So number one is three times larger than number 22 the other chromosomes we inherit Excuse me are the X and the Y are sex chromosomes as you all know You have to have two X chromosomes to be a male female and X and a Y to be a male in general There's only a few strange exceptions with DNA however What you need to know is that each of these are pairs as you can see there are two blue pairs and Are two of chromosome one that are blue one from mom one from dad. That's very important to understand and know So what is autosomal DNA? It's the random inheritance from all your bloodline ancestors Now each generation receives approximately 50% So some of it goes away. We cannot say that we have a great deal of our DNA from our great great great great Whatever grandparents each generation we lose some of that It determines our unique appearance That's why you look like your siblings or your aunt or your uncle in some areas that not totally even Identical twins have some differences in DNA and if you'll notice on this We find that the young man at the bottom inherited from his grandfather large ears and he also inherited from his Father his bushy hair. So we get some traits autosomal DNA Generally gives you matches from anywhere on the sixth generation pedigree chart now It does go further back and we'll talk about that And it doesn't guarantee that you get them all but thank goodness Because if you look at your 64 fourth-grade grandparents and every descendant they ever had we would really have difficulty Trying to figure everything out. So that's always nice However, we have 64 fourth-grade grandparents How many of you actually know all 64 of your fourth-grade grandparents? That can be a good thing too too many things to deal with otherwise It determines the degree of relationship It'll tell you if your first cousins or if you're in a range of cousinship It'll also tell you if someone is your father or a stepson or depending on your test Of course or a half cousin or a half aunt it gives you that It does find half siblings. So as someone said previously if you do not want to know the truth Don't take a DNA test You never know what's gone out there and I could give you a few stories Living people and no paperwork to prove it It finds close cousins for adoptees Which is a real plus and I'll have a story or two on that later It matches either gender Originally, it was difficult if you had a white chromosome You matched only males and then males could take the mitochondria as well as females But only females could take the mitochondria the mother's mother's mother's life now Everybody can match everybody which is wonderful And it does provide your ethnic makeup So it will tell you if you're so much Western European African Asian and whatever populations the particular Company uses and that varies like was previously said if you were here It's going to change due to the population basis they use and the more Time those are going to be tweaked. So don't take it to the bank. It is not going to be absolutely 100% true The autosomal inheritance since 2010 was all of these generations plus one the slide didn't fit To have six generations So as I said from your 64 fourth-grade grandparents anybody down to you and your siblings We're going to look at these chromosomes and how things recombine because that's what happens in autosomal DNA in a perfect world The top let's say the top deck of cards all lined up. They're all red. Let's call it mom's chromosome chromosome 15 and The bottom could be dad's chromosome chromosome 15 You get one from mom one from dad that it's never this pure because they inherited it from their parents So more likely it would look something like this Shuffled and You'll see that some of the colors are red and some are black because mom got some from her father and from her mother And the same with dad If they wanted to have a child and each child would come out with a different shuffle It could look like this even more Now we're going to pretend that this segment of red This segment of black or even these are Definitely segments that came from one ancestor or another That's how it operates and we'll talk about segments a little later But this could be the conglomeration of all your direct line ancestors or bloodline ancestors From mom and all from dad in reality It's easy to see which came from mom and which came from dad by the colors of the decks of car Not so when we look at the number results in DNA, but there are ways and we'll talk about that First of all also when they test the autosomal they test the X chromosome and Males in here at the X chromosome differently than females so I want to show you that and thanks to dr. Blaine Beddinger we have these fan charts all of you know what a fan chart looks like it is a pedigree chart You start with yourself at the center circle and move on back you can see for males They get their X from mom. They do not get an X from dad. They get the Y so with an X from mom It can only come from the mom's line, but it could come along any of these blue or pink lines What I want you to know this is let's say grandmother I could get it from her grandmother from her grandmother all the way down and She could have gotten it from her grandfather and the grandfather's mother What you don't notice here perhaps is the fact that there's no two blue squares touching Because a male cannot give the X chromosome to another male So this chart makes it so much easier if you plot your lineage on it and your matches lineage on a different one Consequently for the female we have a little more work to do. We have two X's one from mom one from dad Principal is still the same a male cannot give the X to another male But you could inherit X chromosomes from a male It's just you have to follow the chart Now mapping chromosomes It is important to learn how to map and I have cut it down to five little steps My book in chapter 12 gives you more information, but this is five easy steps The reason you map your chromosomes is the fact that you want to determine what segments came from what Ancestors you're not going to get all the answers, but you can get many Or it also is determined where you and a match have a common ancestor So you're you're looking at your matches and you're saying All right, we match in this segment this chromosome and we have to share a common ancestor So you compare pedigree charts and work back Also to organize your information Each test for family finder or even ancestry dna or 23 knee are approximately 700,000 pieces of result When you have hundreds of matches and in some cases thousands That's a lot of data to play with now. We don't play with each little piece. We're playing with segments today But it's still a lot of information. It helps you organize it We'll show you some examples of that The other thing you need to know for mapping is a few basic terms Now I have some in your handout. However, I'm just going to concentrate on just a few today And let you know exactly what you need to know. Absolutely have to understand And the other thing is if if you can test a few possible cousins Your life is going to be a little easier in trying to find that common ancestor. However Um, then you compare your matches and then you compare the pedigrees to find the common ancestor Those are basically the steps, but there are ways around if you cannot test a Cousin Now one of the terms that can be Um, necessary to understand are the nucleotides and base pairs Most of you probably know that our dna is made up of these four nucleotides thymine, guinean, adenine and cytosine They pair together And always thymine and guinean or thymine and adenine paired together and cytosine and uh Guining now a cytosine pardon me and guinean What you can easily remember this you don't have to you just need to know those letters atgc In some cases, um, but when they pair together think of it this way The a is made with straight lines. The t is made with straight lines. They link The c and g are curved lines. They link So it's very easy to remember In our base pairs, too, um, we have over 3.5 billion base pairs that are um, it it's an estimate In our, um genome, so it's a lot of information, but these little things tell us exactly What body part to do what body part does what etc. It's all Total dna and how we create our body and what traits we have All right, the this you star this one you must understand to do chromosome mapping It's in your handout, but make sure this is the one it's called half identical region or hir's And so this is the definition So let's look at it a section or region of a chromosome where at least one of the two paired bases those atgcs right one of them um matches With another person exactly The same so they have to have a where you have a or c where you have c so Huh, yes, we kind of look at that, but here it is. That's all it is. It's a section where they're paired up So each person has the same Base same nucleotide Thank goodness the companies do that for you, but that's how they arrive at matching segments And we're going to look at a couple of cases of hir These are my two cousins a daniel and garrod Even though It's felt that way in my family. That's what it's pronounced or I'm sorry gerald Not gerald and so, um, they look like they match on chromosome nine, don't they? It doesn't have to be exact It just needs to be a good size match So in this is a copy from a family tree dna You can actually look at the table Up oh back back Okay, um, you can view it in a table or you can download it to excel I would not personally download two things to excel. I do my entire set of matches But we want to look at it in a table and this is what it looks like for daniel Now I want you to look down here. You'll see one page two page. That is the second one is gerald So the first one here is chromosome nine and this is where my cousin daniel matches me You'll notice the chromosome nine. This is the start position And this is the end position and all of this section are those atg c's that match me perfectly Now really important thing is the centimorgans right here centimorgans And as you can see we share 72 plus centimorgans Centimorgans is a little more complicated than this definition But I want you to just think of it in this term is the quality of the match The larger the centimorgans the closer the relationship Okay Now I have on the next page showing you daniels and garyls This is where both of them match me And I happen to know yes one is my first cousin once removed and the other is my second cousin HIR means this you need to look at the chromosomes find that segment that Match you and two or more other people Then you have to find out from those other people. Do they match each other? If all of you match each other all of you share a common ancestor If you don't it came from the other side of your family So for example, I know that daniel is on my father's side So garyld if he matches daniel all of that's on my father's side Otherwise garyld is on my mother's side Okay Now We're gonna look comparing garyld and daniel and see what their match is Nothing So like I said one is actually on my father's side and one is on my mother's side If you don't do that you're making an assumption that can be greatly incorrect So you understand hir Your home it really will make it much easier So those two are not related. They're both related to me, but not to each other And that's what you need to know with hir Now finding common ancestors that's the purpose isn't it because we want to share pedigrees and we want to get our lines further back Or find out more information on our lines at least perhaps somebody actually has photos or other documentation that we would like to see Well, the easiest way is to test known cousins like I did garyld and daniel And separate your pedigree chart when you do it and I'll show you how they separated my chart Download your matches list Which you saw how to do the segments list and on family tree dna as well as 23 in me You can download segments and matches both of them do that ancestry is a different story um So you want to download those into a spreadsheet? It's a lot easier and you only have to know the basics of a spreadsheet. I am not a computer geek at all So then you have to determine the half identical regions like I did with daniel and garyld And then you share genealogies deep and wide and for autosomal testing You do not want just the direct line ancestors You want to bring those ancestors from the past down to the present as much as you can along siblings and grandchildren and great-grandchildren because the more information you have the easier it will be to find The common ancestor that's really how you find them So we're going to look at a pedigree chart. This is me and What I decided years before people were starting to do mapping it made sense to me that if I Tested one of my cousins. I would know is it from my mom's side or my dad's side So I first tested dug And dug and I have the same grandparents Which is guy in georgia When dug matches someone I match someone we all three match each other. I know it's on my father's line That's nice But the more cousinships you test second and third it's even easier. So you break it down So I tested another cousin dan the one you saw previously And he and I and dug relate with benjamin and tina and my family it's tina not tina And it's not an abbreviation for anything So if dan and I match I know it's on ben and tina's side if Doug dan match it's on ben and tina's if Doug dan and I match It's still on ben and tina's Okay Now good and bad Ben and tina were first cousins Makes my life a little more complicated So what I would really want to do is find a cousin to test that is related only to tina Or only to ben And that will help Break those two lines down because I've had matches on cousin on ben and tina With me and they would come out listed as like third cousins They're not third cousins because we know the genealogy. They're actually seventh cousins because I inherited more From those two since I'm missing two great grandparents So I'm getting more of them because they have the same relatives Not to be left out. I tested my mom's site. So now you can see where gerald came from He is on my mom's line with john and her villa And then I tried another line for what lauri and mary and tested my cousin robert Now some these are all men, but you do not have to use men. You can use women Actually, I tested rebecca, which is a relative of robert And so you you know, it doesn't matter is my point I have more men in my family anyway So this broke down my pedigree chart If I match some of these people And they match each other. I know where to start looking on my pedigree chart Not everybody of my matches is going to connect to those guys But it helps it helps narrow the gap And where to start looking Now when you download a match of spreadsheet This is pretty crowded because the screens slides are not large enough You get basically These categories now I've added of the The ancestral line from where my family came when I know Who is who like as you can see is my son and my granddaughter and the first cousin whatever and I do know The connection so I put in initials in the birthdate You can do it however you wish And that tells me it came from that couple So you can see this one person is my second cousin and that would be robert really My second cousin and so rgg is my ancestor's Gilmore that came from donica d northern island And his wife helen storyer who originally was in Dundee scotland and came over when they helped build the harbor in 1820s or something Um been there. It's a great little town and they also have a wonderful field of spiron bar in ireland Gray snails Great one. Um, so anyway, you can do your matches spreadsheets. Then you can add whatever columns you need But it will give you the list of names if your ants if your matches have surnames It'll give you a list and it tells you what the cousinship is And here and then when you're this is a suggested cousinship But I always put down what it is for sure once it's proven All right, so when you download your segment spreadsheet Here's a couple of cues Do Download these and keep the segment pristine Have a copy that is an original and you don't touch it Make a copy of that spreadsheet and then you're going to start playing with it In this case. I have already ordered it in chromosome Segments so all the ones show up at the top and 22 is down at the bottom and x is below that And then I ordered it by a start and stop position and on excel you can do all three of those steps at the same time Then it tells me how many second centimorgans. You notice this one 3.47 is very small typically centimorgans As a newbie a new person to this you probably want to pick only the highest and work with those first Any centimorgan 10 and below can be what we call ibs Which is identical by state and it means that it's been handed down generations to generations so far back Without being mixed That you'll never find out the common ancestor because genealogy records don't go that far However, these tiny little ones it could be that or it could be some other issues That people are aware of like a common segment that has the chemical bases the nuclear tides that are the same for many western europeans, etc but We're going to look at this I see here are two matches. They're obviously different people because I've you know taken out all that and We on chromosome one. We're only 8.13 centimorgans But this is the start and stop and it's perfect So that could be something that comes way back or I might be able to find the common ancestor I would email Each of those people and say, hey, do you match each other? However, family treaty now has now has a way that you can look yourself and Maybe even increase that a bit because those other people are in the same range So all of us may have a common ancestor but more than likely Some do because it came from one chromosome in my family to my dad or my mom and some would come from the other Okay Here's an example Doug and and Dan are my cousins, of course But when you match it's not going to always be the same segment So you need to pick out what part of that segment is actually valid So Doug and I match on chromosome 12 at this start and in position and we have a nice set of centimorgans cms Dan And I match and you'll see that then Doug and Dan match. So I've compared everybody I know we all have a common ancestor, but those numbers are very different So what you need to look at is this You need to look at the largest start And the smallest end Because all of us share that piece And in sharing that piece, we know that comes from Benjamin and Tynah The rest could come from some other relative or It just so happens that Doug Inherited a little more from Ben and Tynah than the rest of us because everybody inherits differently Okay So you always take the smallest of what everybody matches and then you can call it from that ancestor But a lot of times unless you've really broken down your pedigree chart, it's going to be an ancestral couple Like I said, I haven't broken down Ben and Tynah yet Once I do I may be able to find something that says, oh no, that's parts from Ben. This part's from Tynah So you have to do this to determine Ben From whom you inherit the segment you need to look at the small piece Then we're going to look at another example 23 and me Used to round everything You still see it rounded when you go to their page, but when you download you get more exact Chromosome start and end positions So Tara and I match Tara and Doug match Jane and I match Jane and Doug match And then of course Doug and I we know we're first cousins we match It's all relatively in the same place. And of course, I'm going to have more matching with Doug However, what do I need to do? I need to find out if Tara and Jane match If they do not match then Tara's on one of my chromosomes Jane's on the other same with Doug probably So in checking Tara and Jane which you can do on the 23 and me website Yes, they match So all four of us have a common ancestor It's a matter of sharing pedigrees and finding that common ancestor I know it's on my dad's side if they've tested cousins. They know where you know, which side of the family it's on for them Just what I said Okay This one gets me and I love this little icon Why don't all of our cousins match that is in your paper? You don't have to jot this down, but I want to Just let you know a couple of things as you can see here that we inherit 50 percent from mom and dad and then after that it is Random We may get 25 percent from each grandparent Maybe a little less little more and each person's going to be a little different The only guarantee is we get 50 50 from mom and dad But it breaks down and as you can see with each generation it's virtually cut in half So that's a reason when you get down to third cousins is very little It doesn't mean you won't find the common ancestor. It doesn't mean you don't match But it is a little more of a struggle The other way of looking at this is that you are 99 percent you have a 99 chance of matching second cousins 90 percent for third but look at fourth 50 50 This means even if you Test a fourth cousin and you don't match. It's okay. It doesn't mean they're not your fourth cousin It just means you didn't inherit enough of the DNA that they inherited or vice versa So test more fourth cousins you'll match some you won't match them all And then it gets much more remote But again if you're endogamous Endogamous meaning that your family married within a certain area or within A religion or some other group that married cousins all the time like China and benjamin who didn't get out of the haulers So they married each other You're going to tend to have that push back So you can get a sixth cousin the seventh cousin and even more All right, so the other thing is you can always look at it like more showed earlier If you're a parent and child you're going to have approximately that many central mortgages you share Again, it's going to vary it's it's going to fall within a range In the middle or a little on one side or the other it varies with each person because we inherit differently First cousins a few more, but it goes down. You see how it goes down greatly And quickly each generation DNA drops off to add to that new spouse that comes in right To give room for that new spouse Success stories, this is the fun part I really enjoyed this and I'm very happy to share a few if any of you come and listen to debbie kennett when she speaks Uh, she may talk about her own little success story. Although I've added it briefly here And the first one is an email that family tree dna received about Finding her father or his father's sister a half sister And so they sent a picture in and all the names have been allowed to be used if they appear here. Okay And so this is a guy in georgia and uh, who obviously works for a law firm So they were very happy, you know, especially as we get older we want to connect we want to know So this is what the chromosome look like rusty is the the father his son and a half sister And on this you can see that the dark back here is always the person from whom with whom you're comparing The dark is actually blue, but it looks black, but that's rusty Then the next person is his father, which is an orange And then the half sister So you can see that rusty is inherited chromosome from his dad all the way down from 1 to 22, but the half sister it's mixed So she hasn't um inherited everything but she wouldn't I mean she has A mother or this different or a father that's different and uh, that's going to to change things But the point being they can determine by how much you Inherit whether or not you're a half sibling or a half aunt or whatever the case may be This one the dustbin baby have all of you heard of her Ah, that's wonderful. Um, I emailed michelle and asked her for permission to use this The 45 years ago the mirror ran a story Saying that there was a baby that was put into a duffel bag left out on the street on a november night in 1668 and It was mixed to the trash She remained there all night And luckily a curious woman came out looked at the duffel bag and I don't know moved it something or other and realized It was crying She took the child out went to the hospital with the child The nurse in the hospital Uh, one of the nurses actually ended up adopting her and her husband was a policeman They couldn't find any connection but michelle grew up in a very happy life her step-parents very happy and She always wanted to know where parents were. I mean you have that nagging feeling. You're not complete. You're not whole Who are my parents? Where am I from? What's the deal here? Well, she took a full mitochondria sequence test. That's the mother's mother's lunch took the full thing which is the best and she found out She also took the family finder test and she found out that she's 76 europea 76 european 18 jewish 4 african and 2 middle eastern. What a great mix Um, I'm 99 western european. So it's exciting to see some little changes here well Later on about two years later She got a match on her family finder test with the first cousin A woman named francis So she sent francis the article in the mirror and francis was taken back Really taken back because of the similarities in her family Well first cousins they are going to be close and So francis took the fms the full mitochondria and didn't match So they knew it was the father's line francis is on the father's line All right, so They started talking and francis had two uncles who were living that would be of the right age And the one john tested That was her father and this is a picture of her father Uh, michelle winters a baby michelle now and her father and one of the articles has been in several times in the paper So she's very very happy and they've had a great relationships. She has two children Um, and now they have a grandfather and she's met other cousins John had no idea that his Lea song was pregnant no idea and um Michelle is now looking for her mother and really would like to know so if you want to help michelle. Here's an email Okay debbie kinnit debbie is from the uk and she's speaker here um And all of her family's from the uk, right? She got matches in canada So the the match was from the family finder test again And it was her dad's second to fourth cousin somewhere there and her fifth to distant cousin Which is a little ways out there. However, they corresponded they compared And they realized that hmm There's one person who left the uk wasn't heard of They didn't know he left, but there were no records for him after 1841 And somebody appears in canada that fits the bill In all of the work that they did they realized aha This is the connection and she says to me the ydna test results proved that the two men shared The same all male lines so they gave each the y along with the family finder And it was not conclusive proof That their ancestors were brothers, but they do think so they said however the combination of evidence is very strong From the fact that this is a brother that didn't show up in the uk and then one with the same name about the same age Blah blah showed up. So they're very confident. This is the common family One more real quick. Whoops. That's debbie and her matches. Sorry of the start and end position with Her dad her dad and this cousin in canada. That's where they matched rebecca and I rebecca and I Have um, I know her I know her relationship. We have a common x And this is where it is However, I didn't know from what ancestor for sure So I plotted mine like I showed you before Beverly is my mother and goes on back, but I knew it was on this section. So I didn't have to plot the whole thing But I didn't know is it from lauri mary or is it go further back? Then I plotted rebecca's And you notice in the pink or blue are the only places we can match. So that x came from mary Because lauri couldn't give it to rebecca's grandfather robert That makes sense. Okay This is my husband's lineman. He's out coughing right now. So I can talk um This is his mother Right here and right here and this is her sister connie And all three of them are dead now, but I was lucky enough to get enough dna to prove this These two women grew up with a girlfriend right here vivian The family scuttlebutt in america Was that vivian was really a full sister And that sister uh was had it was given away because the It was born young mother died and father couldn't take care of Had two young children beside well After testing the dna Not so I went to italy and I told them that story and they said no No, that's not the story grandma got out And had an affair while she was married to grandfather. It's my parents grandmother and grandfather so Vivian when we did the dn oops when we did the dna She is a half aunt to my uh by my husband The story in italy is correct But I had to do the dna to prove it Because I even have an affidavit from connie Right here who says oh no the story here is right But it's an old italyan family and they'll tell you whatever they want to tell you So you have to be very careful about oral stories Anyway, uh the next one is my young one's second cousin. Shirley is not my second cousin My grandmother and her grandfather were siblings When we took the family finder test there was no match to the point She's been my second cousin all my life. I called up FTD and I said what what's going on here? They go no match no error no match So we knew that both families had illegitimate children My grandmother had a child before she married my grandfather. My mother was the oldest so It's a little dicey. You never know Her grandmother had four children We know one was illegitimate during that marriage And the family knew this from the get-go So each of us tested a different descendant on our gilmore lines And this is the gilmore from Donagody And they lived in double prior to that but we tested them to see who's the real gilmore I am Her grandmother got out twice two children out of the four So she's a half match to her gilmore uncle, which means That that that was the problem. So the illegitimate children They tested the y chromosome And they matched so they had the same father So I said to Shirley at least your grandmother liked them Okay So now at least she has the correct surname for herself Although she still goes by gilmore because when we're raised this way it's in bread You feel like a gilmore whether you are or not and um But she knows now how to correct her lineage and how to trace the right line And that is success correcting your lineage and that's what dna will do for you Here's a picture of them and from the picture you could tell if you look at these two They look a lot alike, you know when you got you looking at the nose the high forehead And then these two george and laury This is the one we know that was illegitimate This is her father Shirley's father laury So there's probably some other pieces That you could pull out just from the photo but don't do it just by photo You know after you dna test then you can say oh, yeah, okay. That makes sense Doing it the other way is not going to be assured So This one triangulation and I shall hurry through it. Um The problem was a friend of mine david pits who owns the pit dna project runs it They had a mary lennor pit who was a daughter of pitman pits And mary c. Andrews So they wanted to know If that was really the daughter what they did is they tested seven descendants descendants of of pitman and mary And they did nancy who was the descendant of mary lennor kits to see if there was a match Five cousins out of the seven match nancy on different chromosomes though Well, you know that Pitman and his wife gave 50 to their children. So this is possible Especially if you're doing this much testing of cousins Two didn't match however. So if we look at this This is where Two of them match david being the orange and his sister imagine being The other the yellow right there and then again, you see these are other people a coy and down here We have two others. This is london and celeste being That they matched. They're not huge segments either and of course david and his sister match other places, but This on the matrix the family treaty and a matrix will help show it better Although i'm sure it's not in focus since it's a screenshot. They don't come out very well Sometimes but all of these people match each other except this uh Nancy the descendant of that mary lennor pits does not match felmer and Um, nancy does not match thomas the two that cousins that don't match Okay, that's not bad five out of seven So they're pretty confident and this is what the genealogy Descendant chart looks like for david oops for david and for nancy and their fourth cousins Okay, testing tips very important attend lectures You need to but that that way you can get your questions out that way you hear it from different people You hear the same thing from different people. It's going to um, tune in to you Are you going to be able to understand? I may not be the person that will help you the most maybe some other person talking about others don't so 10 attend all you can Read books webinars family tree dna gives free webinars monthly. I'm going to give you this clue Sign up for them even if you cannot make the date. I can't most of the time But what happens is you get a link and then you go see it whenever you wish So sign up for them and if you scroll down at the bottom of the home page, you'll find it You need to um Read books I have one in the back if you're interested But increase your knowledge of genetic genealogy and genealogy and do all of that testing or collection of your genealogy families Understand each type of DNA test. That's very important because you want to pick the one that works for you And they each test differently Um formulate your goals before you test so you're not disappointed. We don't want disappointed people We want people that understand this and can use it and are happy with it Determine which best suits your needs which test best suits And I leave you with one of my favorite ones Can you read it in the back? It says So that would make a second cousin once remove the great aunt of my first cousin twice you meet No, wait. No, wait. That can't be right. And this is why Einstein quickly moved on to general relativity Thank you When you spoke about identifying the half identical regions you compared Gerald I think with Daniel. I'm just wondering how you did that On the chromosome browser I could see that the two matched each other in chromosome nine and then I can go back in through family tree DNA And look at garyls and see if dan comes up on his match list Part of the easy problem is the fact that I I've managed both of their accounts However, let's say you don't and you can't figure out how to do it with family tree DNA that they're just recently Started allowing us to do this Email them you get the email you just email and say hey, do you match? Whoever the other one is And tell me where you match them. Do you match them from this chromosome this point at that point? That's all you have to do A question here No, you can do that from family tree DNA directly though now can you yes now you can But it may be kind of difficult for some newbies to find out you just email First of all, you want to be able to talk to them anyway, right? You want to encourage a conversation between the two of you because you want to share categories So I often just email Any other questions? Yeah, we have one here I was thinking of Doing an investigating have a possible link to somebody who would be a fourth cousin Um, did I understand you to say that as a preliminary You should carry out a test with a neuro cousin and would that be on the same side of the family or on the opposite side of the family Well, it's best if you can test as many second and third cousins as you can if you're concerned about a fourth cousin I don't know what level. I mean, do you have a clue where they are related to you or not? Uh, yeah, I mean it's a question of whether sorry It's a question of whether the person with Whether our ancestor who is the same name is the same person or a different person. Okay. Um Is it an all y line or is it go back and forth the moment dads? Um, no, it my line would be all male, but uh, her line would be okay Okay, and what you need the whole picture to make a good answer, right? So both of you would be able to test the family finder test You have a 50 50 chance of matching. Let's say you don't it doesn't mean you're not fourth cousins You need to investigate further. So try to test more fourth cousins Others that you know others that she knows and if they match Then you're home Any other questions? Okay. Well, um, I do believe that there is going to be a raffle now. Oh Oh, yes. Why do you think everybody's waiting? Oh, you're having a run away. Good. Okay time to wake up So, um, Emily Emily has written the most recent book on genetic genealogy And you'll see examples of it down there at the back of the room So if you're not lucky enough to actually win one of these raffles today, then you can always purchase the book Do you want me to take them? Uh, it's not going to be on my head Great ticket is Last three numbers of one. Oh, well you either. 172 anybody in the room with 172. I always got 172 172 you do 172 no no no dear it's not the book you don't get them the book I You're 172. Oh james. Well done. Okay. Okay. We got our first winner So you use this and if it doesn't work with an iphone or something there is a way of getting into it Well, thank you. We picked three out don't we three two more The second one is 182. So it's um 10 more 182 I'll pick out a second choose anybody with 182 out there. 182 have to be present to win And the third one is 177 177 congratulations. Thank you. And 182 182 is not here last call for 182. All right, grab another one. Shall we do another one? Yes Okay one last And this one is going to be I see with my glasses It is 169 169 out there 169 Do we have a one you do all right. Oh, we have a one six nine. Excellent. Thank you And you know the great thing about having you. Thank you The great thing about having an e-book is that all the links in the book are hot So it's going to be quick and easy. I've had people that will buy the book and the e-book Just for that reason. So, thank you very much everyone. I appreciate it I just want to say thank you