 Hello, very good afternoon to all the educators who are joining us live for this session today is day number three of the international group camp for coding artificial intelligence and robotics for school educators level two. Yes, we are talking about right now level two, level one has already completed and we have also completed two lessons in level two. So we would be shortly starting just in two more minutes. I again welcome all the educators on the team number three of level two of international boot camp on coding artificial intelligence and robotics for school educators. So today we are going to learn about a new concept and it's a very important concepts when we are talking about robotics, because it gives the initialization to one of the automation of robotics. So we would be learning about line follower today that how exactly we can make wonderful line follower. So we have educators joins. Good afternoon, gentlemen. Before we move ahead I would just request all the educators who have not joined the telegram group to please join it. And still if you are facing any problem, whether you are watching this video live or you are watching it anytime you please join this telegram group where it would be easy for us to communicate about all the developments as well as all the I should say update keep you updated for all the things which is going with us. So now moving ahead. So, I would also request Tina. Hello Tina. Yes, Ayush. Yeah. So, good evening, everyone. It's my pleasure to welcome all of you to this international boot camp program organized by Stempedia and our park. I'm sure that you all will feel enriched with the knowledge of artificial intelligence and robotics after the completion of this boot camp program. So, I welcome you once again to this boot camp program level two. Now, talking about the organization. International boot camp program is hosted by Stempedia and our park AI and robotics technology Park by ISE Bangalore. We have been supported by me the IO that is at a innovation mission, which is a part of the government's education project in India. It's our pleasure to have all in the educators forum and American Indian foundation to be as our community partners. We have been supported by many international partners, purpose smart education Palestine, National Institute of Education Singapore, a pecs coding Academy Egypt, it Tunisia and it was straight UAE. Now it's time to discuss some basic objective of this boot camp program. The objective of this boot camp program is to empower all the educators by deepening their knowledge on coding artificial intelligence robotics and thus giving them all the necessary skills that they require on this 21st century. By this boot camp program, we are giving a hands on experience to the latest technology to all of our educators on the latest technology like robotics artificial intelligence machine learning in a very fun and interactive manner by learning more about this new day technology. The educator will definitely in will increase their confidence to talk about this technology these technologies and in front of a society by this boot camp program we are making our teachers to become an ambassador of robotics and artificial in their own institution. And this was the objective of this boot camp program now I request Ayush to take it forward to discuss on the learning materials and all. Yeah, thank you Tina. So today of course, this is the third day as we know we all are here on the educators boot camp. It's really important for us to complete the boot camp by submitting all the assignments. Of course we know that you might be a little busy in your own schedule so don't worry about it you have this liberty to submit your assignments as per the flexibility of your own time. But once you have completed all the assignment by submitting the YouTube videos, you would be earning a batch and the certificate accredited by art park and stamp idea as a list them.org. Apart from it towards the end of the boot camp in the closing ceremony we are again going to talk about the AI and robotics teaching resources and access to the students learning resources. So we want you all to be part of the complete boot camp till the end. Now, talking about the what all we have covered till now what today we are going to do and what else is remaining in this boot camp. So over to you Tina. International boot camp program level to where we are in it. It is robotics and artificial intelligence. In session one we discussed about interaction to robotics. And yesterday we learned about self driving robot. And today, in third session will be learning about line follower robot will be understanding how to calibrate an idea sensor will understand the basic logic behind to make a robot to follow a particular path and will do an activity of line follower robot. In fourth session, that is, AI delivery robot will make our robot will make a quirky to behave as a delivery robot will learn some basics applications will understand logic and will do the activity of a delivery bot. In session that is guest to control robot will learn how process are made and identified using machine learning and will make an activity of guest to control robot. In our sixth session, that is our closing ceremony. That is our closing ceremony. Over to you are you now we can take it forward. Yeah sure Tina. Thanks for giving us an update and an overview of the complete schedule of the boot camp. Not today as discussed we are going to learn about the line follower. So before that we go into a learning journey. I think you are very pretty clear about the learning management system how exactly it has to be excess. If you have not enrolled or still if you are finding any trouble. Please go to AI dot stamp idea dot com where you have to log in with your credentials. Once logged in, you have to click on my courses and in my courses you would be able to see the two are the different courses on which you have enrolled. So currently we are going ahead with the robotics and AI boot camp for educators level two. To complete it here you have to complete all the lessons by watching the videos, submitting your feedbacks and going through with the content. And at the last very important, submitting your assignments in the YouTube video link format. That means we request you all to submit a YouTube video link of your project and then submit it on the assignment page. Of course we are going through with the feedbacks which you are sharing. So there were feedbacks related to the part of the initialization of quirky. So of course, we'll try to make it little less so that the more we can cover on the conceptual part. So now I want again if you have still not joined our telegram group so please join it with this link. And as you already know we are focusing on these technologies where we want educators and students to learn about coding, whether it's a graphical or Python. We also want them to give some hands on with artificial intelligence, robotics, cell driving technologies, making themselves sufficient and asking them to start tinkering with the projects and also learn some industry based and automated projects. Now, of course we are really very well versed with the quirky part. I hope still if you have any doubts, we can take your doubts related to the features of quirky. And today we are going and moving ahead with a part of line follower. So here in the line follower, let's just understand how exactly it works. So when we talk about line follower, so basically what exactly I mean with this is that you can see this is an arena. So I have also gotten advice from feedback that not to share this meanwhile, of course, working with quirky. So of course I'll try this. So here right now I think you would be all able to see my quality only. So right now if you're talking about a line follower. So this is an arena, which is of course has a black line. Okay, and I want my quirky to follow this black line completely automatically. That means it should be able to detect whether it has to take a right turn left turn or go forward based on the line, which it is following. So I hope this is pretty clear. So but how exactly this is going to happen is this is going to happen with the help of I to wire sensors on the top. So you can see there are two air sensors at the backside of the quality, and this is going to basically let us know, let us know about the, I should say, the path of the black line. So now I'll just share back my screen. So the first and the important part here comes up is of higher senses. So what are higher sensors. So basically, the infrared sensors, we are calling it as an IR sensors, which are an electronic device that measures and detects the infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. So of course, these are the sensors which can detect the IR radiations. Now here, a very important part comes up when we are talking about quality is that it is not only going to just detect the IR where I should say the infrared radiation which is in the surrounding. But it is also going to emit some IR radiation. That means, if you're going to observe the quality with a close eyes, you would be able to basically see the two, I should say LEDs, right. So one LED is of course the emitter and second would be the absorber which would be giving us the values of the radiation. So now moving ahead, we would be talking about IR sensors in details. Okay, so now I think this would be like giving you much more clarity that on the top of the quality, there are two LEDs. One is transmitter and the second one is of course the receiver. So when I talk about transmitter and receiver, that means LED is going to transmit the radiation. The second is going to receive it and let us know the feedback what exactly the amount of IR radiations has been absorbed. You can see here a small diagram where how exactly the IR sensors of the quality are going to work. Basically, there would be an emission of IR radiations which would be getting, I should say, which would be getting hit on the board. Okay, and then there would be certain amount of radiation which would be getting reflected back and would be received by the receiver LED. Now, let's understand the logic behind the IR sensors and the line following. So here you have to understand that IR sensors basically if I talk about transmitter of course it has any specific values of radiation that is going to be transmitted. But when we talk about receiver, the receiver is going to receive the rays or IR rays in different manner. That means if in case the transmitted rays have stuck or I should say have hit the darker object, so there is a high possibility that the amount of rays coming back would be very less. While if the transmitted radiations hit the brighter surface, the amount of radiation would be greater than the black object. Now it's a pretty, I should say a simple logic which we have been knowing about from our childhood that the darker objects absorb the energy. So in the same way here the IR radiations transmitted would be absorbed by black object and it is going to reflect back a very small amount of IR sensors, IR rays. So now I hope by this you would be able to understand that there would be a large difference on the IR rays reflected from the black line on the arena or the white area of the arena. And this is how basically using some logics of line following we would be our quirky would be actually able to detect what exactly is its position, whether it's a standing on a white area or it's a standing on a black area. Since we always want our quirky to follow the line. So if you'll again closely observe that we would be wanting basically a place where our quirky should both the IR sensors of the quirky should remain in the white area. That means if I say I'm keeping this quirky like this. So in this scenario you can see only the line can be followed if quirky would be somewhere here of course it cannot be followed because it has got out of track. Now, we have to understand that for this, of course we would require to calibrate the IR sensors. Now here, calibration of IR sensors is saying basically finding the value somewhere where of course we the work is able to say that what exactly is its position. So now I'll just share my screen of pictoblock first, and then we would be doing a certain steps. So I would request all in everyone that if you have any doubts related to IR sensors please put it forward here on the chart for that of course we can answer you. So now I'll just stop my share where of course the like the feedback which you have given of course we are going to make in make it in such a way that you are able to observe what we are going to do. So now, first we would be talking about the sum of the blocks which we would be requiring and then we would be showcasing you how the things happen. So for calibrating the IR sensors, so what would be required is of course we would require a small what a very important block which says a variable or a create a variable. So here I'm going to go to variable option in pictoblock and I'm going to make a variable and why exactly I need a variable is to store the value. So let me just pull out the sensor value variable. So basically now here you can see that I have created a sensor value variable by clicking on make a variable. And of course I wanted a number variable because I need to store a value and then I have created it sensor value. Now first in a very important part is to select a board. Once you select a board quality, you would be basically able to get all the different pallets required. And now here I would today be working on the sensor part. So first day of course we work with display then we also work with robot and today basically we are going to work with sensor. Now in sensor if you see there are three blocks which are related to the IR sensor. So we are going to use all the three blocks while making the IR sensor. So here you can see this is a threshold. This is the get value of IR and this is IRL sensor active. Okay, so now here you can see that the first thing a first important part here is understand the abbreviation. So as I mentioned there are two different IR sensors right now on your I should say the quality. Okay, so one is at the left side that we are calling it is IRL that is IR sensor on the left hand side. And if you'll just click on drop down you will be also able to see IRR that means IR sensor on the right hand side. Now what am I going to do it here is I would be taking this value. Okay, so I'll remove the other two blocks and to take the value of course I need to connect the quality. So I'll just turn my quality on. Okay, so now let me just first show it to you and then I'll make my screen big so that everyone is able to understand. So I'll just connect my quality. I hope connecting the quality with Bluetooth and all is not a big problem right now. Okay, so now if I click it here you would be able to see it is giving me some value that is two to one seven. Although it's I think would be pretty small to see. Okay, two to one nine. No, but how exactly I need to calibrate it. So first I'll stop my share and I'll first show you. So what we have to do while calibration is basically we have to find an average value so that I can find the values for the threshold. That means threshold would be a value where sensors will get automatically be activated. And when I want a sensor to be activated you have to understand that I want my sensors to be activated only when it is on the part where it is going out of track. Because then only I want this that it should come I should take some action. That means if I'm going on a straight line of course there is not a problem. But as soon as I'm going out of track, let me just make it out of track at your own side. Okay, so if I'm going out of track, I would require it to come back. Also, there won't be certain actions required to take a turn. Like if in case it is going straight, I will not going to follow it is going to cross the line. So right now you can see it has crossed the line. But at the same point basically what I want is it should just take a correct turn. Whether it can be right turn in some cases or it can be left turn. So sensors are basically placed here. So you can see two IR sensors just beside the caster wheel. Okay, so these are two IR sensors. Now, we have to basically take down the value. Now how exactly we are going to do it is the first and important part that we have to calibrate the left IR sensor separately and the right IR sensor separately. As I mentioned, we have two IR sensors one at some area here and one at some area here just below this. So I have to calibrate both of them separately. That means I would be finding one value that would be a threshold for right IR sensor or a left IR sensor and one more threshold value, which would be basically a threshold for the other sensor. So now let's start and understand the process. So I hope the screen is completely visible. Let me just try to show it to you from here as well. So the first and important step to be taken is we have to keep the quirky. And in such a way that my quirky left IR sensor should be on the white area. So if you'll see it here, this is of course the left IR sensor for me. Again, I have kept this on a white area. You can directly understand it by keeping your caster wheel on the black part. If you're keeping this caster wheel on the black part right now, you can see it is on the black part. That will automatically will make your this right and left IR sensors on the white part. Now, let me go to the script part and make a small script to find the threshold and calibrate my sensor. The first important point is of course we have dragged out a block which says get an IR value, but of course we require this value in a continuous process. As you can see the values are getting changed. So what am I going to do it here is I'm going to store this in the variable. So I'll just bring a block that says set the sensor value. This is very important and many times even the educators do a mistake that I need to check the sensor value part and I'll add it here. Okay, once I've added it here, I would also require a forever block and that is because I can see the values getting changed in real time. And let me bring a green flag. Now you would be able to observe this values basically on your stage part and let me just try to annotate that. So basically you would be able to see this sensor value here. Okay, this is the sensor value. Now let's understand how exactly it is getting changed. So I would just click on the green flag and right now you can see it is giving me some values getting changed with a very high speed. That is 219597 something like that. And if in case I would be moving my quirky towards the right hand side. So you can see I'm pushing it toward the right. So what is happening is you can see the value is getting increased. Why exactly the value is getting increased is it is going in a darker area. Okay, the more the dark area would be the value it is more. So I don't need to like push it a lot. Only the thing is I need to keep it here on white and I have to find a maximum value in white. So right now if you see the value is coming is something like 22102220. So here the values would be getting changed, but you have to take care that you take an approximate value or you can say you can take a maximum value. They are like if I see it clearly, it is somewhere going around. Let me just bring the calculator as well. So if I'll see it here, so it is going around 2225 around. Okay, so I'll just take the value 2225. Okay, so this is the first value I've taken. Okay, I'll just remove the calcium. Now I have to keep that black part on I have to keep that higher sensor on the black part. Now if I would be keeping that as I mentioned, the value is going to increase. So let me just stop the share and first show it to you. So what I did, my quirky was sitting like this where it's higher sensor of left hand side was just on the white part. I pushed it toward the right hand side so that I can bring my left hand side higher sensor on the black part. Once it is on the black part. Okay, so you have to again observe the value. So let's observe that value again. So let me just bring it here. Okay, and again annotate that. So if you'll see it now the value has increased. So of course the value. Ayush, Ayush are you there? Yeah. Hi all educators. I think Ayush has got disconnected. He'll join us soon. So by that time, we'll see some chats like the maximum value of my sensory sensors are 120 it is right to leave it is not wrong. You can have you can check it twice or twice and you just want to make it confirm whether you have chosen the right or left. And okay, the first thing what you have to make is that we have to mark the left or right. I.S. And so which you are calculating and keep the castor wheel on the black part first and measure the lower value and then move. The sensor just towards this black path and then observe the value you have to note down these two values for both for left and as well as for right IR sensors. All the educators please calculate those values. If you have your pocket kit with you, I request all of you to calculate your IR threshold value like you have you can calculate both the values of left and right. Yeah, you will be getting less value in white field and more bigger values in black field. So I use you will be joining us soon. So I request all the educators to calculate to take these two values like for left and right. Yeah, I will surely show you the script. I will share my screen right now. Hello Tina, can you hear me? Yes, I use. Yeah. So I was asking the educator to calculate the threshold value to get the values of both. IR sensors. Yeah, so I just try it back. Yeah, I hope. Yeah, it's visible. Okay, that's great. So now, again, so yeah, there were a few questions which I was going through and that's actually one of the question which I wanted the educators to ask that why exactly it is getting increased. Instead of it should the value should be less, since less amount of light is coming back. Yeah, I totally agree with myself with the logic and the concept. But I would like to tell you here is basically IR sensors contain a small resistance. So the value which is coming and getting showed up on the picture blocks is a value of resistance. That means if the less amount of light is coming back, the resistance is more if the more amount of light is getting the more amount of IR sensor race are getting traced by the sensor. That means the resistance is less to value the sensor value basically tells you about the resistance created by the reflection of IR sensors. Okay, and that is the reason when we are bringing the quirky on the black area, the value is getting increased that means the resistance of the IR sensors are a little high. And when we are working in the white area, so the value is less. Okay, so I would again share my screen. Okay, and of course, I would just show you the. Okay, so I hope my screen would be pretty visible now. Okay. So now here, I would like to tell you, as IR sensors are very sensitive. So right now, what happened, what has happened is like just what is an expected range of black and white. So it depends upon IR sensor to IR sensor. Okay, for me, it can vary from, of course, in a different way, but for you it can be very different. And then I would like to tell that both the IR sensors are also going to work differently. Okay, so you don't have to go on the range part. Of course, the range of IR values is zero to 4095 that is the highest resistance which it can create is 4095 and the least is zero. So now since I have got a little change in the lights around me. Okay, so there was some power issue. Yeah, of course, you, I mean every quirky is not same, even both the sensors in each quirky are not same. Okay, both the sensors might work differently, which are on the quirky. Okay, now coming back to point, I have to again take down the values. The reason is that there is no change in light around my surrounding. It has got little dim. So what I would be doing here is I would just again click it here and you will observe. Okay, so the value which was somewhere going around previously, let me just bring that what 2225. Okay, so right now it's going around. It is hardly crossing to okay, which was 22. I should say triple to five, like it's right now hardly crossing two. So this is because there is a change of light in my surrounding right now. So I'll just take down this value again. So I would consider it as around right now showing 21. Okay, let me just again check it. Okay, so it is saying 2200. So 2200, let's check it. Now, the second value is of course when I'm keeping my higher sensors on the black part. So right now if I've kept it on black part, so it is saying 3, 1, it is getting changed, of course. So if you'll see it closely, you would be able to observe there isn't some maximum value where this value is hitting and coming back. So for me, it is looking like 3120. So I will take that value as written. Now, here you have to add these two values. Okay, so right now what you are doing is you are making a calibration on left hand side sensor. If the quality keeps disconnecting, please check the battery level. Okay, also the second is still if you're facing the same issue, then please click on the reset button or just above the jack. After disconnecting and then try to reconnect. Your problem would be resolved. Okay, so now coming back right now I have to take this value at 3120. So I take it as 3120. So I have to add these two values. Okay, so what are these two values? Let me just again mark it for an understanding. So basically what I'm doing here is I have taken left sensor. Okay, and in left sensor, what I have done first, I took value keeping the core key on white part. I'm sorry. Second, I have taken a value keeping the core key on black part. Okay, so this is why I'm saying is there becomes a little confusion that what sometimes we work with simultaneously with both the sensors but we do not have to do that. We are right now only working with left sensor. That means you have to keep your left sensor on white. You have to keep your left sensor on black. I have taken two values and then I'm going to add and take an average of it. So right now if I add them, it is coming 5320 and I would divide it by two to find an average. So now this is a small, this is a value basically for my left IR sensor. So what am I going to do is I'm just keep a copy of that. Okay, I'll keep it with me. I'll tell you where we are going to use it right now. We can just keep it. Okay, so I'll just keep this value with me. Okay, so now I'll stop this and now you have to observe it very carefully. Okay, so what am I going to do is I'm going to from the drop down select IR sensor right. Okay, now I have to do the same process for right. I'll keep my right IR sensor. This is my right IR sensor. Okay, I'll keep it on white part. Okay, right now you can see I have kept it on. I have kept it on white part. Let me just again, again, again, I can just explain just give me a sec. Okay, so right now you will understand it now because we are going to do it for right sensor. Okay, so right now if you'll see this is my right IR sensor. Okay, right now this right IR sensor is on white part. So you can see I have kept my pen you can say parallel to the sensor. So this IR sensor is on white part. Okay, so you have to keep it on white part and then you have to find the value. So how you are going to find the value is pretty same. Only the differences you have to change the part of IR, L2 IRR from the drop down. And now as I mentioned that you don't have to worry with the values because there can be in difference with the values because both the IR sensors might get work differently. Okay, so right now you can see it is detecting a value as 2430 somewhere around. Okay, so what am I going to do here is I'm going to again bring the calculator. Okay, I'll just clear this down. I'll take this value. So it's moving around 24334. So I can just take a maximum as 2435. Okay, now what I have to do here is I'll just move my IR sensor right hand side to the black part. So right now my IR sensor right is on black part. So let me just show it to you. You can see right now it's on black part. Okay, I'm showcasing you with showcasing. This is I'm keeping this pen as a parallel to the IR sensor so that you can observe this is on the black part. Okay, no problem is still you are getting 50, 60, not an issue. You don't have to worry with that. As I said, this can be totally different in mine and yours. Okay, so now what I have to do is I have to again go back to vector blocks and here you can see the value is coming as through 329697. Okay, so we can consider it as 3300. So I'll add a value that is 3300. And now I have to take an average. So I have added these two values and I'll divide it by two to make an average. So now here you would be able to see it's coming as 2867.5. So we can take this or even we can round it off like 2868. Okay, so let me just take this value and keep it with me somewhere. Okay, 2867. As I mentioned, this value is going to be of course different in your case. Okay, so for this again, I would going to use right and this was the value of left. Okay, I hope this is pretty clear to all of you. Let me just zoom in. So what I have done is I have just okay, so I have written it down with me that these are the two values. Basically that is 2660 and 2868. But what exactly I have found. So I'll just stop my share and tell you. So basically what I have found here is I have found out a threshold value. That means I have found somewhere if you think of value a point where the quality can get out of the track from right hand side or a point on the track. Where from where the corky can get out of the track on the left hand side. So either corky will go outside the track like this or corky will go outside the track like this. Okay, so this is what I have tried to found a threshold value. Now, before we move to the threshold part, okay, what we are going to do here is we are going to work with the feedback. Okay, that means let's understand whether the values which I have found is working good or not working good. Okay, so here what am I going to do is I'm going to make a small script to check whether my threshold is working good or not. So how can I do it? So again, I would require my picture blocks for that and let me just share my screen back. Okay, so I hope my screen is completely visible. So now I'm going to work with these few blocks. Okay. And one more block I would require is from the sensor palette. Let me just go it there. So is left higher sensor is active. So I will first explain to you what I'm going to do here is I'm trying to make a feedback call that if in case I make a changes to my corky from. I should say from left hand side to right hand side, my corky should give me a feedback or the LEDs light. Okay, so what am I going to do it here is I'm first setting up a threshold. So for the threshold basically the values which we have found is a threshold and the threshold for the left sensor I have found it is 2660. Okay, so I change this value to 2660. So I'm setting up a threshold here that this is 2660 that if in case the value goes above the 2660 then only I'm going to say my sensor is active. Now the next is I'm going to use a forever. Okay, because I want to check it in real time and then I'm going to use if condition. Okay, so here you will be observing that I'm going to use if condition. I hope let me just show it to you again. So basically what why I'm doing it is I would be moving my corky like this. Okay, and I would be checking whether the threshold which I have found is working good or not. So basically I'm making a movement to my left sensor. Okay, I hope this is clear. Let me just bring that back. Okay, let me just share my screen back. Okay, so here I'll bring if else. Okay, if the threshold is already set if the sensor is active, I want the one cross one. Okay, so now you'd be able to see that I'm also using basically let me just make it a small. Okay, so basically I'm also using a coordinate system. Okay, if my sensor is active, of course, I would be assigning one light to it. And if my sensor is not active, of course, I would be assigning a different light. So it's totally upon you that which like you wanted to be there. You can keep is green, red, red, green. So generally what we keep is if sensor is active, then we want it to be green. Okay, so let me make it green. If sensor is not active, then we make it to red. Okay, and now let's see whether it works or not. So I'll just press a green flag so you can see the light has been turned on. Okay, now as soon as I'm going to bring it and change it, it should change. Okay, basically it should change. Also, you would be observing that if I play this, I'm also able to see the values. Can you see that the values are getting changed here? So right now the value is 2440. That means the IR sensor is not active. If I'm going to bring it on around red on the black part so you can see the value is getting changed as soon as the value is getting higher than 2660. Okay, let me try to change. So my value is not actually getting changed than 2660. Okay, let me just disconnect the QRT once again. I think it's disconnected or what? Just a minute. Okay, so I'll now press this to check the value and let me just check the values. Okay, so I think the value has little bit changed in my place. Okay, because I'll just show it to you. So there is getting change of light right now you can see it is coming up with a red light since the value right now coming on the sensor is 2432. If it goes higher than 2600, then only it is going to get changed. So I'll require to basically calibrate my sensor again. So right now you saw that it came up with green. Okay, the reason behind the value went up higher than the 2600. So now this is how you call the feedback. I'll just again explain you so what I'm trying to tell you here is let me just make a little bigger. So here you will observe basically the coding part what I did is right now you can see the value is 2475. While it gets connected, let me just try to keep it. I think I'm finding some battery low issue but not a problem we can do it with even cable. Okay, so let me now stop this and switch off my quad key and I'll connect it through the cable. Okay, so here you can see the values are not the average value which I found is right now not exactly the same. That is, if right now I'm keeping my right higher sensor the value is coming as 2430. So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to find the threshold value again. So let me just bring it 2435 addition to which I'll keep my sensor again now on black. So still it's giving me 2460. So what I can do here is I'll add 2460. Okay, and I'll add 4895 divide by two. So basically it would be 2447. So now I'll keep my value as 2447 here. Okay, and now let's test whether it's working good or not. So right now we'll see it is working good because as I mentioned that the value are going to get changed. Okay, both sensors are different. That's perfectly correct. Yeah, of course, the value should get little equal to this. And right now you can see that right now if I'm keeping the higher sensor left part on white parts coming as red, but as soon as it is going here it is going showing green. The reason behind it is only going to get active when that it is touching the threshold value. Right. So I think now it is clearly visible that how exactly we are falling. If you want, I can just show it to you in the full screen that if the higher sensor value is somewhere around 2446, that means that around threshold value it is going to get green. But if it is less than threshold value, it is keeping going to keep itself as red. So right now it's red, but as soon as it is touching the threshold value that is when it is coming to the black part. It is becoming green. So this is basically you have tested that what you have done is correct. Okay. So now what I have to do it here is since as I mentioned there was a change in light. So I'll just change the values with me. It would be 2447. And I think that it is it might have also changed the value over the right sensor. So let me just check so it is showing 2470 and if I'll keep it here. So let me just 2470 addition to which it is showing me when I'm keeping it keeping it on block is 3215. So I can keep it 3215 equal to and divide by two. So it's 2842. Okay. And the value what I have is 2868. So I can just change it for two. Okay. So now this was of course the feedback part, but this is not exactly we have made a line follower. So what I have to do it here is I would require now the part. Okay. That is I would since I was working with one threshold. I would be working with two thresholds because I want it to follow the line. So right now I've worked with left. Now I'm going to work with right. Okay. And now here you have to understand that I have to put the second threshold that would be 2842. I'll put it as 2842. So do you think would I require something more here? So of course we would require something more. Okay. So let me just show it to you. Okay. So I hope my screen would be visible. So apologies for the delay. So here basically what we have done is I like to show you. So right now we even did a feedback call where you can see here we were finding this problem that we were moving the quirky first right. And in the first instance what we saw that the value the light was not getting changed. So there what we understood that threshold value is very high. Okay. Your calibration value is high. So the black vision will not be detected. So you observe this with my case. So then I again found out the threshold value. Right. But there might be also a change just opposite that the calibration value might go little low where the white region would not be detected. Okay. So you have to understand the concept and the if it is working fine, then only you can call it is that you have calibrated the IR sensors perfectly. So we work with half of this script where we were able to see the change in light on the left hand side, but you can check it with both the sensors as well. Now, if you're talking about the line following robots, let's first understand what exactly it is. Let's understand the logic and then we are going to move ahead with the making of the line following robots are very simple that they follow the line drawn on the surface. Now, you might have observed these line following robots in many industrial areas or many videos. It tells to carry the heavy objects and bring an automation to the industries where they don't require the humans to get the machine done the work. It is automatically going to work to do the work. So I have actually I would have shown you one of the very, very good instance where I was able to see the line following robot getting used and that was in a restaurant. So towards the end, I will try to show you that video. Okay. That's my personal experience. Actually, once I once visited in time the one. So moving ahead that what can be the different applications of the line following robot. They are used in factories that needs to transport the material from one place to another. They're also getting used in automatic cars and museums. So you might have seen there are different cars in the museums where automatically play people are left to one place to another. Of course, Johan, Johan, you have written it correctly. The sensor is activated is a value is bigger than threshold, because we have set a threshold that this is a value. If till the time the cork is not getting to this value, we cannot say it is active. Also, one of the very best example of the line following robots are right now we can see there are many robots which clean the floor automatically in rooms. Okay. Although the technology has moved very far on that right now even the lines are not required to make the robots clean the floor, but still, if we'll just talk about three to four years back, of course, robot requires these lines. Now, talking about the logic part, okay, and it's a very, very important. Then only we would be able to work on the part of the activity. So right now we'll see the first important part what we are doing is we are pressing a green flag. So I want everyone to please follow this flow chart. Okay. This is very, very important. The first is that we are going to use a green flag. I hope this is. Are you sure? Yeah. Yeah. Am I audible Tina? Are you sure? I think your voice is breaking. Okay. Is it okay now? Still breaking. Yeah. Hello Tina. Can you hear me clearly now? Yeah. It is here. Okay. So I want everyone to please focus on this flow diagram actually. Okay. Okay. So now first is a very important. We are going to work with the green flag. The second part what we are going to do is we are going to set the threshold. Okay. So the first is of course we are going to set the green flag and the second threshold. So we are going to set the threshold for both. Okay. We are going to set a set the threshold for both the sensors like we did like we are going to set a threshold for first left as well as the right sensor. Now then you have to understand then we are checking that are both the sensors active. Now you have to understand that when exactly the situation is going to come when this you can say both the sensors are active. So right now just if you will see Juman has mentioned sensor will be activated if the value is bigger than threshold. And if you know the value is getting bigger when my quirky is going to the black line part. Okay. That is on the black line. So I have to find a place. Okay. Basically in the arena where my both the sensors would come into the black line. That means this part you can call this as a checkpoint. If I'll keep it here in this scenario only or in any of the scenarios where there is a checkpoint then only then only you can say that the both the sensors are going to be activated or active together in only those cases because once the quirky would be here then only both the sensors would be on black part because if it is anywhere place whether it's here or if it is even in this position or even in this position. Okay. You can just see the three chances. You can see three chances. If it is here of course this in in this position that quirky both the sensors are not active even in this both the sensors are not active because only one sensor is on black. The other is of course out of black. So there comes a part that it is going to be active only when there is a checkpoint. So at that point what is going to happen the robot is going to stop. Okay. You can say if this condition is going to be true. Okay. If this condition is going to be true then the court is going to stop. Now the second part comes in if both the sensors are not active it will go to the second condition. If the left sensor is active. Okay. What we are going to do if the left sensor is going to be active then in that case you have to understand when is left sensor is going to be active when the left sensor is on black part. Okay. This is this thing. So here you have to understand what I want is I want my court to take a left turn and you have to understand why it has to take a left turn. If my court is currently standing in this situation and my line is somewhere here. Okay. If it is going to be active then the left sensor is on black part. Okay. This is this thing. If it is going to take a left turn then only it is going to come back to light. I will repeat this part. The second, the second condition says is left sensor is active. That means my quirky would be somewhere in this situation. Okay. You can see this situation where this part is on the left. And if I wanted bring towards the black line back again I would require my quirky to take the left turn. Similarly, if it has on the right, if it is on the right side. Okay. So in that case if I wanted to come back to the black line I would require a basically a right turn. So the left sensor is active. I wanted to take left turn. If the right sensor is active I would take a right turn. If both the sensors are not active. That means both the sensors are on white part. Then I want my quirky to move in the front direction. One is straight. One is left and one is right. So left turn has to be taken when the left sensor is active. Right turn has to be taken when right sensor is active. And if both the sensors are active I want to stop. And if both of the sensors are not active that means both are the sensors are on white area. I want basically it to go forward. Okay. I hope this is pretty clear to everyone now. Now moving to the part of how exactly we are going to make it. Okay. So we are going to use some different blocks. We would be looking into this. Let me just bring the pictor blocks back. I will just share my screen back. Okay. So here I go. So here basically if you see I have brought up two blocks that is where I have set up the threshold. Okay. The next is I have to also set up some parameters which I would be talking about that what exactly it is. First let's bring that and it's under robot. Okay. So here there is a block which says set parameter. Okay. So here you have to see I'm bringing this block that is set set parameter. There are three parameters. We would be talking about it. Okay. Now I'm using a forever and I have already a block with me which is going to help me to do that line following. So I'll directly put this. Now you have to understand that what I want at the checkpoint. Okay. So what I want when my quirky is at the checkpoint. I would be using that block in the center part that is the part like here. So whatever I want to happen when my quirky is on checkpoint I would be using that block and what are the possibilities. If I say there is one possibility that I wanted to stop so I can use a stop robot. This part what is going to happen since I've used a stop block here my quirky is going to come to checkpoint and it is going to stop itself. But in case instead of this I use move forward with 100% speed that means I don't want to stop it here when it is on checkpoint. I wanted to go forward. Okay. Now coming to the part that how exactly I'm going to calibrate these three values and what are these three values. So you have to understand these three values very carefully. The first value comes up is as F. Okay. And we are calling it F as in we call it as the forward power. Right. That means when my quirky is moving in a straight direction. So what I want is what should be the power when it is going in forward direction. Now coming to T1. The T1 basically represents the turning of any of the tires. Okay. On the forward direction. Okay. When it is moving a forward direction. That means if my quirky wants to take a right. So I want this question to be answered by the educators that if I'm taking a left turn. Okay. I repeat if I'm taking a left turn. Which tire would be moving in a forward direction. Can you please tell me I repeat my question. If I am taking a left turn. Which tire is going to move in forward direction. Can you please answer me this question. This is very important. That is why we are taking a time on it. So if we are moving or if my court is going to take a left turn. Then which tire is going to take the forward direction. Okay. So let me just tell you if I'm taking a left turn. My the right one. The perfect answer. The perfect answer by Raquel Maninder G. Christina. Very perfect. So if I'm taking a left turn. My right tire is going to go forward direction. And if I'm taking a right turn. My left tire is going to take a forward direction. So now the. Now you have to understand this carefully. The T1 is basically representing the forward motion of the tire while taking a turn. So let me just write it so that it becomes little more easier. So T1 is basically representing what it is representing. Any turn. Whether it's a any turn. It's a right turn or a left turn. Any tire or I can say any wheel. Okay. Going in forward direction. Okay. Going in forward action. T signifies basically for turning. So this is you can take it as a very important note that T1 is representing turning. Okay. Now while turning, whether it's any turn, whether it's a right turn or a left turn, whether it's any wheel, which is going right, which is going forward or I should say, sorry, it's any wheel, whether it's a right wheel or a left wheel, any wheel going in forward direction would be represented by T1. Now similarly, if I talk about T2. So again, T2 is also the turning speed. Any wheel, any turn, but going in backward direction. Okay. Now you would have understood. Of course, this would be little. I should say, let me just remove this. I'm sorry. Okay. So this would be something little. Okay. If you understand it little quick, that is T1 is turning. T2 is also turning. T1, any turn, whether it's a right turn or a left turn, whether it's a right wheel or a left wheel, any wheel going in forward direction is going to be represented by T1. It's the T2, whether it's a right turn or a left turn, whether it's a right wheel or a left wheel. If it is going in backward direction, then it is represented by T2. I hope this is all clear and everything clear right till now. Now how we can calibrate this value is we have three values right now. Of course. So what we have to do is to make it little easy. What I'll do is I'll fix this value to 25. This is I'm doing it by my side. Okay. You have to understand you have to fix this value because if you're going to make a combination of three values, it is going to become very, very difficult. What I can do is I can fix this value and of course I can try fixing these other two values. Okay. And other two values, you can very much easily start with 50 and 40. Why I'm taking 50 and 40 is 50 is like a normal speed for going forward. And 40 is why turning it is going to be very normal. Okay. And now we can see whether it's working or not. So let me just remove the cord to understand or see this working good. Okay. And let me just keep my quirky here. I hope the things are pretty visible. Let me just bring it here. Okay. Let me try to press a green flag. Before that, I also need to switch on the quirky and connected. Now let me just press the green flag and see whether it's working or not. You can see it is getting a little bit confused. Sometimes it's working until now it has worked perfectly fine, but you can see it went out of the way. Right. I'll just keep it here to show you this again. So it is coming till one point, but it is going out of the way. So let me first switch it off and tell you about this condition. If in case your quirky is going forward, that means it required a taking turn. Okay. But it could not take a turn. Okay. So here we would require little more calibrations on the part of parameters because right now I kept the things like it should go with 40% speed, 50% speed with my guesses. Okay. But now the real calibration of motors would come. So what happened that it went forward? That means there was a high forward speed. So what I can do is I can just make this 40 and I can try making this 50. Okay. And now let's try whether it's working good or not. So I'll just connect it again. You have to understand that situation where it goes in a forward direction. We called it as overshooting where what happens is it is going with the high foot and it is just crossing the line. Okay. And that is perfectly normal because till the time we are not able to find the perfect values. We won't be able to get the final output. So right now I've connected my quirky also your values of the motors. I should say also depends upon the charging. Okay. So it's really very important that your quality is good charged to perform well. Okay. So right now it's so in connected. Let me just press this and check. Okay. You can see it is working with a very high speed and even not following the line. That means I have to decrease the values. Okay. So now I would be decreasing the values. So I'll just stop my share once. And I'll just show you how we can decrease the value. Just give me a couple of seconds. You have to understand that we have to calibrate the motors as well as we have to keep calibrating the I a sensor because even if there is a change. I think I shall go disconnected. He will be joining us soon. So that if you have any doubt that you can share it via chat. Yeah. Yeah. I'm back. I'm sorry. I just got disconnected. So just give me a couple of seconds. I'll reshare my screen. So just give me a sec. I'm just trying to share my screen. That's great. Dave. That's pretty cool. So now I'll just try to bring my file back. So actually my laptop just got switched off. So I have restarted it. So I'll require a little time. Let me just make this complete a script a little real quick. So what I did was of course I brought up two threshold blocks and an even block. Okay. And I brought up two thresholds from the sensor part. Okay. And then we had the parameter from the robot. And then we had a forever block. Of course, where we work with the line following. I'll just bring the block back again. Just a sec. So do the line following. And here I would bring a block which says move forward. Okay. And yeah. So I would just bring the values. So rather than bringing a value, even I can calibrate it again, but I can use the older values. And I'll bring the second value again. And I'll just keep the value of this is 40 50, which I was supposed to check and I'll keep this is 25. Okay. So this was somewhere we left and I'll just turn off my quality again, turn on my quality again. We'll try to connect it. We can even reduce the values. That's not a problem. We can keep it as 30 as well. And we can keep it as 40. Okay. And we can try once. So I'll just click on now connect. And I'll just refresh this so that I can find my quality and it seems it's connected. Okay. That's great. Marina is working. That's great. It would be great if you can share is the dear educators your video of the line follower in telegram group after the session. And of course going to help us a lot actually as well as other educators would also get an idea. Okay. So I'll try now. If I click it here, I hope the things should work now. So right now you can see it is trying to follow the line. It's going good. Okay. But it again cross the line. Okay. So let me just keep it here. So it's going actually in forward direction. So I'll require to basically calibrate the values because since right now the light near my surrounding is getting changed due to some light issues. But of course you can easily make the line follower. Okay. Out of it. And I hope I'll just stop the share part and let me just show it to you that how exactly we want the output should be. So you would be getting an output something like this. Okay. Where your quirky would be completely moving. Okay. So I hope this is pretty clear. Okay. So now there is a small DIY activity where we want you to stop your robot at the checkpoint. So you can see this is a checkpoint at where I have marked it is red. So this is what we were talking about. So we want your quirky to be stopped here. Of course right now in this it is not getting stopped. But you have to stop your quirky here. Okay. Now it's right time actually. So we want all of you to fill the feedback forms. If there are any feedback feel free to put it forward. Okay. And if there is any thing you want to tell us if you're finding it difficult from our side, you can let us know we are going to help you with that. Also we are you shared your feedbacks yesterday. We were on to it and we also try to use those feedback for the improvement. Of course. And we want you all to scan the QR code go through with the activities. Okay. You can go through with the content and of course you would be able to basically I should say get the final results. Okay. Now, still if you have any doubts you can join the doubt session just after the 30 minutes. Okay. Where basically you would be able to ask all your doubts, get all your issues resolved. And that was all from my side for the day. If you have any doubts, please put it forward. We would be very happy to answer them all. So yeah, if you have any, any doubts, please let us know so that of course we can help you to resolve them all. So we are just we'll wait for two to three minutes for all the doubts. If you have, please feel free to put it forward. Okay. Sir, I haven't received the teacher resources for 11 one had filled up the form to can I expect the same. So I'm sure it would be great if you can tell us this on the telegram group sharing your email ID. Also it would be great actually if you can join the doubt session because in the doubt sessions are mentors would be able to help you with that. Okay. And that is basically can help us and you together to resolve all your queries. Okay. That's super listening from Christina that let's go driving. Of course we have we would be now in the coming session working with more wonderful projects where basically we would be just building the some assistant board on top of all the things what we have learned of line following. So of course line following you can you would be seeing it as then basic and we would be working on more good concepts where we would be basically able to I should say make some AI project based on the quality line following concepts. So still we are on for two more minutes for taking the doubt. So if you have any doubts please put it forward. We are all open to answer them all. Yeah. Okay. Yeah Tina. Hello. Can you hear me? Yes. So do you have any thing any questions noted down from your side? You can please let us know so that of course we can help other educators on that part. No. No Ayush currently we don't have any questions raised by a baby also. So I think we can still if you find any problem anything you want to ask educators feel free to put it forward with us. Okay. And of course we are going to help you to resolve all your doubts and all your queries even here as well as we're trying to get it resolved on I should say on the doubt sessions. So you can always feel free to let us know about your questions and doubts. Okay. So I was actually trying to okay. Okay. I was trying to make it my quirky working but still I think there is some issue. I'm not able to find the values but not a problem. Of course I hope you have all understood the cancer that is real more important and you can take the help from the other educators who would be joining in the doubt session. So thank you everyone for joining in. We would be looking forward to see you all in the next session coming tomorrow at the same time. Till then take care. Stay safe. Bye-bye. That was a wonderful session Ayush. We all are super excited to learn about a line follower robot and make our online following robot with a quirky and Victor blocks hope all our educators enjoy today's session. Thank you all for joining. Tomorrow we'll be learning about AI delivery board. Stay tuned.