 Hello learners, I am Dr. Archana Adhikari, Assistant Professor of the Engineering School of Education, Krista Kanto-Handikar State Open University. Today we will discuss an important lesson or unit from your course 2 of MA Education and the title of the unit is Growth and Development. So in this discussion we will discuss about the meaning of growth as the title itself is growth and development. So we will discuss about the meaning of growth and development, relationship between growth and development and one another important aspect that is always used in terms of this growth and development that is maturation. Then we will introduce you with the various stages of human development and then we will summarize the discussion what we have discussed today. So let's start. So first of all we have to know about the meaning of growth. So when we talk about growth and development we usually and we simultaneously use the term means we use the term growth and development in the same meaning or same sense but there are some differences. So to know about the differences we have to know the basic concept of growth and development. What is growth? We all usually use this term growth and development in our day to day life. Because we are saying someone is growing, he has this development, that development but what actually it means we have to know it. So growth means increase in height, weight, length etc. Which can be measured means when a child is born as soon as time passes on he gradually gain what? Height, weight, length all these things and this is this are the aspects which can be measured. We can measure the height and the weight of the child or of the baby and therefore and it can be observed we can particularly observe it through our eyes. Therefore it is growth and we have to also know that the term growth basically refers to the changes in size because growth and development both deals with the term changes. But growth deals with the chances that are in terms of size or in terms of some number, length etc. But development is something else which we will discuss in the next slide. And one important thing is what? Growth is an important part of development. So if something is to be developed, growth must be there. Growth is a part of development. So as a student or a learner of educational psychology we have to know all the aspects or all the things that are concerned with the human behavior. Because in the first unit you have learned that psychology is the study of behavior and in the study of behavior all these changes comes. Now we will discuss about development. What development is? So as we have come to know that growth is concerned with the changes that are in terms of size and number. Now what is development? Development implies all those changes that takes place in our life throughout our life. That means it implies the changes in shape, form, structure resulting in improved working and functioning. Those of the changes that are brought by growth, the people or the baby or the particular person is able to work it, functioning. And therefore it is used in a very wider and comprehensive term. It is an orderly progression to us maturity. Because if we want to have something or if we want to do something we need maturity. And for this maturity development is essential because it is an orderly progression. And another important aspect of development is what? It is a continuous process. Growth at a particular time growth sees or growth stops. Suppose a child enters into the adolescence period or in the adulthood period his growth will change. Stop means he is a weight gain all will not grow again it will come to an end. But development is not something like that it will continue through our life. Because therefore it is that there is a proverb that development goes from worm to term. Means it starts in the mother's home before about the development continues and it continues to the time of date. So it is a continuous process. There are lots of definitions in the SLM or in the textbook that you will find. The definition I have pointed here is about is by Angel he said that development cannot be considered in terms of the mind alone. But rather in terms of the individual as a whole in relationship with his experiences with others. Thus development is considered with the biological total process taking place in the subject. Means it is a process which takes place in conjunction with the biological means what biological changes occurs take place in an individual in terms of their development takes place and it takes place throughout the life throughout the process of living in interaction with the other aspect of life. Then we have to know about the basic elements of development. There are some elements. The first one is growth. As we have already discussed that growth is a part of development. For development growth is essential. So growth is the number one basic element of growth development. Then maturation. Suppose if we have to if we want that the baby should gain suppose language development or language maturation. So for this development his vocal coach should be measured. Finally he can attain language development. In the course of time you will know all these things. Then experiences. For development we need experiences. The experiences we gain from our life from our day to day activities we gain lots of experiences and it adds to our development. Then social transmission. Because we all are social being therefore we have to make social interaction we make social contact and on the basis of that we make social transmission. So transmitted it is socially transmitted and we gain experience we gain maturation and as a whole we gain development. So these are the four important elements of development. Then I have already mentioned one thing that the term growth development and maturation. All these three terms are simultaneously used. Someone try to or someone make use of all these terms in the same sense. But there is a great differences. What are the differences? First one is growth takes place when silent bone muscles and other body parts increase in size. As already discussed it implies about the changes in human being in terms of weight height body parts and other biological aspect of an individual. Then maturation. What is maturation? Maturation is the unfolding of the characteristics with which the individual is under. Means a child is born with his physique or the body. Then as the time grows on gradually he attain maturation. Because he is able to you know speak, he is able to walk, he is able to hold something. So he is gaining the maturation. And then as a result of this growth and development he attain development. So development is a wide concept and it is the product of the earlier two concepts growth and maturation. So for particular development growth and maturation are essential. Then we can make a comparison between growth and development. Already we have make the comparison between the earlier three concept growth, development now and maturation. Now particularly we can compare between growth and development. Because these two terms are basically interchangeably used. So growth is used in physical sense and I think these differences or comparison will clear out your doubt regarding growth and development. So first thing is what growth is used in physical sense. It is totally used in physical aspect. But development doesn't confine itself to the physical sense only. It includes all the forms or all the changes that take place in an human life. It may be social sense, it may be emotional sense, it may be moral sense, all kind of changes all are included by development. Then growth is a part of development. So growth is only a part of development. It is not the whole process. Development is the whole process and growth is only a part of it. Then growth doesn't continue throughout life. I have already mentioned here that at a particular stage of life when suppose a child enters into the adult sense or the adulthood period his growth chase or his the growth the process of growth stop come to an end. Because after a particular time no person or no individual grows or his hate grows or all his organ grows at a particular time it comes to an end. It is not true with development because development is the continuous process and it go throughout the life of a human cycle. Because in the earlier slide I have shown and quoted the proverb it is a process which continues from home to town. Then growth can be measured but development cannot be measured because we can see the growth of a child how he is growing in terms of hate, weight, other physical organs but about development we cannot see. We can just realize when we make conversation in a social contact with a particular person or with a particular child we can see we can realize the development how he is talking the way of his talking, the way of his conversation, the way of his maintaining relationship all this reflect the development aspect of the particular person. So we can't see and therefore we can't measure it. Yeah the same thing is in the next point growth is visible not the development as because we can see growth we can measure it as we cannot see development we cannot measure it. So these are the basic differences that we can make between growth and development and on the basis of these differences we can particularly make the find out or derive the basic concept of growth and development and realize its importance in our life. Now another important topic that is a part of our discussion today is stasis of human development because as a student or as a learner of education and psychology we have to know that how a child or how a person behave in different stasis of his life and therefore we have to know we should know what are the stasis of human development because it is not like that someone is born yesterday and he is an adult today not like that because development is a process is a scientific and it is a continuous as well as systematic process and therefore all the changes that takes place in an individual it takes place according to the stasis of human life and therefore we have to know what are the stasis. So human development means the continuous changes in human being that occur in people as they grow from conception until then we know we all know that the life of a person start at the time the it takes place in the mother's own as a factors so from the time of conception the life begins development begins or the development starts and on this day as it is a continuous process it throw it go through the lifetime until did and therefore as such it is particularly classified into some stasis so this include all aspect of human development and this changes that occurs in in this life cycle includes physical development emotional development intellectual social all the other thing that contribute towards a total personality development of a particular person. Human development start from right from the conception in the mother's own and continuous till the die continue the person date so as accordingly it is classified into some stasis first one is prenatal states second one is infancy then childhood then adolescence and then adulthood and finally the oldest I will discuss in in detail in the next slide so there are lots of psychologists who have given your opinion regarding the stasis of human development and as part their own philosophy own psychological viewpoint or principles or theory they have classified the human development into different kind of phases or stasis in your SLM to you will find lots of classification like from like from Rousseau like Freud so there are lots of psychologists or imminent person who have classified their development process in their own perspective but as a whole on the basis of all the psychological perspective we have a basic or we have a general kind of classification and this are these are the classification first one is prenatal it means that it is the states before the child is born therefore it is termed as prenatal the time is the duration is from conception to birth and one more important thing is that psychologists classified subclassified this particular period into three kind of sub period first one is period of ovum which is of two weeks from the time of conception to week it is called ovum then period of embryo it is from the end of the two week to two month then period of fetus it start from two month end of the two month to the time of birth so all the process of development growth and development that is essential for a baby to be fully measured all take place within this nine long month and this nine long month include the three particular subclassification all the important development takes place like development of the physical organs development of the movement all these things happen all these things take place in the prenatal period and it prepared the child to ready for birth then we have the second important period that is infancy and babyhood period regarding all this period you can you can know in better in detail in your later semester and later units okay so as in brief you should know about this that the first period is the prenatal period second one is the infancy or babyhood it is considered from the time of birth to two years then we have the childhood period childhood is again classified into two sub stages first is the early childhood second one is the late childhood and the early childhood occupies the duration from two or three to six years and late one is from six or seven to twelve years before the puberty then the most important period of human life is the adolescence and it starts from the onset of puberty to attainment of the maturity then and the another important stage is the adulthood and it starts from the 20 years of attainment of maturity onwards so these are the basic stasis or the presence of human development we have lots of other kind of subsection but as a learner of educational psychology you have to know that these are the basic general stratification of human development so we have come to the end of this discussion and as a summarization we can say that in the discussion we have discussed about the meaning of growth that is that is deal with the terms in terms of size changes in size then development which implies that chances overall changes of a human life that take place in his life throughout the life then development has four basic elements growth maturation experience and social transformation then there are basic differences between growth development and maturation growth is major but development we cannot measure and as last we have discussed about the stasis of human development that are of basically prenatal states infancy states or babyhood states childhood states adolescent state and adulthood states and later is old age so I think you were clear about the first this first part of your unit number two from your educational psychology course so thank you we'll meet again and discuss the later part of this unit in the next discussion thank you