 Good morning everyone or good afternoon or good evening depending on which part of the world you are from. We are going to start in just in just a minute or maybe a maximum two. I'm looking at the number of attendees and waiting for the numbers to stabilize. I see the numbers that keep increasing. We already have more than 100 participants. So welcome everyone to this webinar which is on industrial water reuse and today we are going to be looking especially at perspective from emerging countries. So we're going to have very interesting talks from India and from Namibia in Africa and also from Thailand. So I hope that you will learn something interesting with this webinar and there's something that there will be something relevant to all of you. So I'm very happy to see this very nice attendance. Next slide please. So this webinar is the second one that we are organizing of a series that we call on the road to Chennai 2023. The first webinar that we had was on water reuse in the United States which was held in February and we will have another one coming up soon on May 12th. So please look forward to it. Next slide please. So let me introduce our water reuse specialist group on the IWA. If some of you are connected with IWA you can go to IWA Connect and then you can join you can join our group. So our water reuse specialist group is actually the biggest of the space specialist group of the IWA and so we are intending to make contributions to the field of water reuse and in particular by organizing events like this webinar or like the conference our next conference that will take place next year in India. Next slide please. So indeed it will take place in January of next year in Chennai that's why we have this series of webinars to pave the way to this conference. This will be our 13th international conference and if you're intending to join us for that conference in India the weather will be very nice in January and I hope that several of us will be able to join us and please make sure that you submit your abstract by May 15. We are just extending the deadline so we hope to get we hope to see a lot of you in person in Chennai so please do so. Next slide please. Just a little bit of webinar information. It will be recorded. It will be made available on demand on the IWA website. Next slide. Very importantly the chat box you can use this for general requests and for interactive activities. If you have questions can you please use the Q&A box because it will help us to organize the questions accordingly and then after the four speakers we will answer your questions during the dedicated Q&A session. Next slide. So with this I'm ending up my introduction and now let me introduce my my first my first speaker. So I'm my first speaker for the day is Josef Lernsteiner who is the Technology Research and Development Director of the Wabak Group in Austria and he is also our chair. He is the current chair of the Water Review Specialist Group of IWA and a very long friend of mine. Josef has 35 years of expertise in the field of industrial water reuse. So who would be a better person to start this webinar by giving us a short introduction on the topic of industrial water reuse. Josef, I pass it to you. Thank you. Please this slide. But first here in Wintuch and me we are at the training center of the famous new water and gap water reuse facility. Today as you mentioned we are talking about industrial water reuse. Next slide, please. It's slow moving. I see the first one. Yes, now the drivers for industrial water use. Of course very important major driver water shortage caused by climate change, population growth, industrialization and developing and emerging economies. A very important driver is of course boost in water supply security. Imagine a shutdown of a production facility could cause an enormous financial damage. Further economic reasons are regained water is normally cheaper than municipal water. There are sometimes reduced waste water discharge fees and resource recovery is an interesting option. Policies, regulations and guidelines of course are also a major driver. For example the treated waste water reuse policy for Tamil Nadu which was issued in 2019 in India. Then last but not least. Josef, can I stop you? I think your voice is breaking a bit. Do you have a problem with your connection? It wasn't breaking just now when we're talking but suddenly it is. Obviously we have a problem, yes. You have a problem with the audio. Are you able to solve it? Yes, now it's better. We switched off the video. Is it now better? It's better, okay. Then I continue green image clients, customers are willing more and more to pay for sustainable solutions and it's also a reputational risk minimization water can be constrained upon growth. Next slide please. The major industrial reuse applications is reuse of regained water as cooling make up and boiler make up and regained water reuse for various purposes such as transport in mining or washing in food industry. Next slide please. Sources for industrial water reuse are first of all municipal secondary effluent. It's a drought proof resource and on this photograph you see a secondary effluent reservoir for water reclamation and reuse in India in a refinery and in a fertilizer production facility. Then we have industrial in-house on-site effluence. It's secondary effluence from effluent treatment plants, various pre-treated and untreated process effluence and also cooling power and boiler blowdowns. Third source is effluence from one industry reuse in another industry. James will present an example for this. Next slide please. Yes, a short case study in West Africa in Nigeria. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. 211 million inhabitants, the largest economy in Africa, worldwide 12th largest producer of petroleum and the Dangute Group founded by Aliko Dangute is one of the largest companies in Africa. They have industrial activities such as oil refining, but they are also in agriculture and the Dangute refinery and petrochemical complex is under construction. Will be commissioned in end of this year and it's located at the Lekki Peninsula southeast of Lagos and the water management is done by raw water treatment, fresh water from a lagoon, then effluent treatment and water reclamation. Next slide please. This slide shows the Dangute water reclamation system. We have here six different wastewater streams, for example cooling power down, contaminated drain water streams, sour water, oily water streams, spangostics and sanitary wastewater. I do not want to go in detail but we have then six advanced treatment systems for these different wastewater streams, very advanced and specific and then the planted effluents treated in the water reclamation plant consisting of rivers of moses and demineralization with mixed weather and exchangers and the reclaimed water is reduced as oil and feed water and the reject is treated. I will show this later in the comprehensive treatment system in order to protect the environment and then it's it's going to a sea outfall. Next slide please. This slide shows the design parameter for the oily wastewater stream, oil and grease in the raw wastewater, 1,000 to 5,000 milligrams per liter. The standard is syringe and less than 5 milligrams per liter. COD 500 to 2,100 in the pretty effluent which is the the inlet to the reclamation plant less than 50. Next slide please. These are the design parameters for the reclamation plant. Very important parameter is silica 15 in the RO feed and only 20 micrograms per liter in the reclaimed water in order to avoid scaling in the boiler. The water is mentioned is reused, the boiler make up water, TDS total dissolved solids 2,600 in the RO feed and 0.1 it's also a syringe and standard 0.1 milligrams per liter in the reclaimed water. Next slide please. This shows the underwater reclamation plant. I mentioned reverse osmosis and mixed bed ion exchange. The permeate of the reverse osmosis one is going to reverse osmosis three. The permeate is degassed in a degassing tower and then it's polished in a mixed bed ion exchanger. The reject is going to for brine concentration to RO2 and the reject is treated in a comprehensive treatment system. I will show this later. Next slide please. Yes, this photo shows tanks. These two tanks are for cooling tower blowdown each 5,000 cubic meters. It's not so small and this one is the ultra federation feed collection tank with 3,000 cubic meters. Next slide please. The next slide is the ultra filtration process unit in the installation phase. I mentioned the plant is still under construction. Next slide please. The next slide shows the installation of the reverse osmosis process unit. You see tank during the pandemic, so there were no interruptions due to the pandemic. Next slide please. This slide shows the RO reject treatment. The RO2 reject is treated in a multi-stage system. Chlorine dioxide oxidation powder activated carbon adsorption of COD, lamella clarifier, brick chlorination for the pool of ammonium, then disc filter and it's blended with this clean effluents and then it's pumped to the sea outfall. Next slide please. Yes, the key issues for successful industrial water reuse and recycling. It's essential that water reuse concepts must provide social, environmental and economic sustainability. Water reclamation plant financing is very important, particularly in emerging and developing economies and be a good model. For example, build-owned operating transfer and the next issue is in order to promote water reuse and recycling, longer payback periods should be accepted by industrial investors, not only three to five years but rather than eight and ten years. Next is risk, which is avoided by higher industrial water supply security or reliability, should be valued in feasibility studies, so I'm really not done and this would create much more action and reduce projects. Next slide please. Essentially, of course, a proper water reclamation plant design based on the use of existing experience, sometimes pilot testing is necessary, multiple systems provide a high degree of safety. The safety is increased by new robust technologies such as ceramic membranes, proper concentrate reuse and or disposal concepts, more and more extremely important, the slogan bright mining means, for example, selective recovery of salts, minimum liquid discharge or even zero liquid discharge seems to be a trend that condensates from evaporation, have a very good quality and can be reused, high demanding reuse purposes and last but not least, proper operation by well-trained and skilled personnel is very important, training not only at the on-site, also outside of the on-plants and audits with regard to operation and maintenance provide valuable feedback. Yes, that's it at the moment. Thanks for your attention. Next slide. Yes, thank you. Thank you very much, Joseph, for your participation. James, before you will be the third speaker, but before that, can you try and reset your connection or maybe you log out, login because there were some sound issues. While I let you guys handle this issue, I will move on to our second speaker with Dr. Nupur Bahadur and I'm with a senior fellow and head of the Center of Excellence on Water Reuse at the Energy and Resource Institute in New Delhi, India. So I'm very happy, of course, to get the Indian perspective because this is very relevant to our upcoming international water reuse conference which will be in Chennai. Nupur is also the vice chairman of IWA India and she's a water technology professional with 22 years of experience in advanced oxidation and zero liquid discharge. Nupur, I will pass it to you and we are all looking forward to hear more about how India is ensuring industrial water security. Thank you and good afternoon. Good evening to one and all who have joined from different parts of the world and it's my proud privilege to be speaking here in the IWA water reuse platform and as you see from the title of my talk, so it's very promising and positive. You can see that, yes, India is ensuring industrial water security and we have enough drivers to ensure this and I'll be also taking one or two case studies in three categories like treated industrial water reuse. Our second category will be the reclaimed water for industrial reuse and third will be what is the status of RMB in India in industrial water reuse. So the key drivers as Dr. Joseph has very well elaborated I would just add with respect with a perspective to India that the key drivers for us to ensure industrial water security is of course the rising ever rising industrial water demand. Secondly, the water stress some areas are water stress and as also mentioned earlier, whenever there is a problem for the shortage of portable supply, it is the first thing the industrial water supply is cut. So we have to, industry has to ensure that water security is maintained and very important we have a regulatory requirement for industrial waste water management is zero liquid discharge compliance by Central Pollution Control Board of India, which means that industries have not just to treat and be sure they have to treat to a level so that they can reuse in the process. And the next key driver is the government of India policies and programs which comes in the mission mode and they are the real key drivers, the real funding comes from the central government, state governments and the policies you can see and they are the real drivers for the water revolution I would say taking place in the country. And the last but not the least we have the national framework for a safe reuse of treated water where you can see the mandates are very clear that if industry has to reuse water from low to high grade, what are the quality parameters required and similarly if we to use the municipal treated water or retained water these are the parameters. So now coming to the first case study or in the first category of industrial waste water for reuse we have this case study from IOCL refinery Paradi Odisha where you can see the uniqueness of this is that it is the largest industry what industrial water recycling plant. So what you see here is that this particular industry the influence from various streams are treated exclusively and proper wastewater management facility is there and they are recycling 75 percent of the water and this is the 54 MLD plant in this premises. Next is the case study. Second case study comes from the company the Balakrishnaya industries in Gujarat and you can see that they have three plants tire power plant and carbon black plant here the manufacturing process they have mentioned and you can see from the three water manufacturing processes that what the high water consumption is primarily required. In this particular case of this industry you can see the source segregation is there the treatment is there and the best part is that industry is willing to address the challenge with regular monitoring and review mechanism and with these good practices industry is possible to achieve the reduction in water consumption by leakage arrest and optimization of water reuse industry is also able to eliminate the water use point by replacement of water cooling with air cooling and hence recycling capacity collection of runoff water and very interestingly the industry is using rain water harvested rain water which comprises of 3.5 percent of the total fresh water demand so this way industries are setting good examples in India to enhance their water reuse. Second category comes when reclaimed water is provided to industries so here I am very happy to present the most talked about the case study of Surat municipal corporation Surat is a you can see a city a smart city in Gujarat it's a water plus city and the most cited example about this case is that it is treating 319 the treated wastewater which is there out of which 319 MLD is you can see the they can provide it for industrial reuse and in addition to that to various other purposes and the revenue model which you see here is the cost the successful financial model which Surat has given is that they are able to earn the revenue more than the ONM cost which means it is possible to have the 100 percent ONM cost drawn from the revenue next example which comes from Mathura in India you can see here this is a Namami Ganga the national mission for Ganga project and the uniqueness about this project is that we are targeting to not just treat our national river Ganga which expands or which has which is 2500 kilometers long it spends in 11 states of the country but more than that we it is basically an integrated river conservation mission we look at the holistic approach in the whole program and this also even aims at improving the water reuse so this Mathura sewage project in that the uniqueness is that that this was the first project under Namami Ganga to come in the concept of one city one operator and the ham model and this project brought the paradigm shift in the integration of the existing sewerage infrastructure with the development of new STPs which was missing in the earlier programs and say lastly the most important thing is this through this the 20 MLD water is being provided to the Mathura refinery and the company in the Mathura refinery is bearing the power charges and the ONM cost so such a PPP model is a prime example in the country next is third case study in this category is of Chennai again a very talked about case that house Chennai is managing and becoming you can see here the best example here is that the Chennai metro waters they have this 45 MLD Coimbatore TTRO tertiary treated RO plant where you can see the they are meeting the standards for reuse also the portable standards and they are supplying the treated water to South Chennai industrial clusters and also they are selling the water which means the commercial model out of the wastewater is the huge success in some of the Indian cities now I'm coming to the third category the status of R&D in industrial water use here why it is important because until now what you have seen in my primary preliminary slides that yes industry is feeding there is compliance there is willingness but still somehow we are not able to achieve zero liquid discharge or become other compliance or regulatory norms simply because the issues we are we have to understand the science the technology behind the water treatment and somehow in developing countries we are less educated about this we treat all kinds of wastewater with similar protocols the issues of color the COD toxicity the lack of short short load bearing capacities these are the issues then we rely a lot on the membranes so we come across the problems of powering choking of membranes where comes the all the ONM costs and also the ZLT compliance for which you require huge effective evaporators team and also that tertiary treatment is highly resource and energy intensive so therefore our endeavor as a researcher and you can see we are a research institution and a think tank of the country and together with them in the Mami Ganga National Mission for King Ganga we have a center of excellence and we aim to make ZLT or industrial wastewater or enhanced water reuse and to make it must much sustainable affordable acceptable and compliant so with this we have developed the technology here very briefly I'm going to talk this is Terry advanced oxidation technology and what you see here the uniqueness is that for the first time we are using a photo catalysis in the secondary treatment and here you have a product a photo catalysis reactor where certain nanomaterials under the UV light radiation generates radicals which oxidize the polluted molecules so somewhere we are targeting to actually break the bonds remove the color COD and toxicity and with these benefits you can get achieve the improved biodegradability and all the benefits which are so when this technology which is currently at TRL7 with our 10 KLD pilot plant functional in our own campus you can see in one slide this technology is applicable to a large number of application industrial wastewater and the best part is it can be retrofitable at pre-biological or post-biological or at polishing stages and even the ME condensates can be treated within few hours so this is the importance and when the same technology is applied to municipal sewage this is the real municipal sewage of Delhi you can see here the same sample the physical characteristics you can see we are able to achieve this physical characteristics from the chemical characteristics we are able to achieve COD less than 30 BOD less than five which are stringently required by NGT national green tribunal laws for discharge and for reuse and the best part is that in this whole mechanism what you see here the biological characteristics you don't require any disinfection after this and the USP is that you can either polish the currently treated water or in the green field projects you can directly implement this technology which means you have possibility to bypass biological treatment and save on the resources time energy and a lot so this is and this slide is very important because now in India you can see we are working on micro pollutants and currently we don't have the guidelines but very soon we are going to have this so with this I end this and I would like to conclude simply that yes India is progressing and we are very much on the path of ensuring industrial water security thank you thank you very much for your for your nice for your nice presentation and our our next speaker is is James Vile with within Namibia so he was born in Cape Town South Africa but he grew up in Namibia in the Namib desert and so he has always had the keen interest for water from a young age so he has been working for 15 years in the water sector and with 12 years in water reclamation and he's currently the plant manager at Ujjams Waitwater Treatment Company north of Winduk so in Namibia I pass it to you James. Good morning and good afternoon thank you for the introduction Olivier my name is James I work for the Ujjams Waitwater Treatment Company in Winduk Namibia next slide please the Ujjams Waitwater Treatment Company operates the Ujjams water reclamation plant in Winduk Namibia according to the boot contract which is signed with the city of Winduk this is a triple P it has been in operation since November 2014 with a treatment capacity of 5.2 megalitres per day it is designed to receive wastewater from Winduk's northern and Lafrenze industrial areas where some of the major waste producers are Mitko, Namibia Breweries, Nakara and Namibia beverages. The plant was designed for operation up to the year 2035 so Ujjams in this period is using a diversion valve which channels municipal waste from some residential areas to meet the design capacity at the moment next slide please this is a short overview of the process on the plant we have three different sources as I indicated earlier we also have a fourth source which is a reception area we receive smaller quantities of wastewater from smaller industries which are further downstream from the plant they deliver this through tankers we go through a fine screen process a great removal process we collect the water in a buffer tank it is then passed through the final pretreatment step which is a fine sieving process where the water is then mixed with the recycled activated sludge in the distribution chamber it passes through an OXIC 1 and then OXIC 2 and then it moves to the MBR trains after ultra filtration we move to UV disinfection the water is passed into our clear water storage tank and then is discharged to the climate to graver next slide please so the fine screen process is five millimeter bath spacing we use a differential level sensor so when the level or the fine screen is blocked it activates the rakes and then we go through some cleaning processes there these solids are passed onto a compactor to remove any excess water which is then passed back into upstream of the fine screen process the boot contract specifications with the city event to specify that we need to meet 25% dry solids at this point the plant achievement since commercial operation is averaging 55% the grid removal process is a circular flow chamber with a mixer with scraper blades installed so this is where we remove some of the solid particles that are heavier at this point the grid slurry is then pumped to a classifier where the grid is then cleaned further and then conveyed into a skip again the boot contract specifications say that we need to meet 25% the plant achievement is 80% dry solids at this point next slide please the water is then collected in what we call our dry weather buffer tank this is basically a homogenization chamber because we are dealing with industrial wastewater the industries have different periods of production so we have periods where we would have high pH coming into the plant or low pH so we have the capability to stabilize the pH because we have a biological process where we are treating the water with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide if there are high concentrations of chlorine we are able to dose chemicals to remove that as well our plant loading profile for COD is anywhere between 1500 to 4500 milligrams per liter ammonia is also one of our factors that we have to deal with which is 62 to 120 milligrams per liter from the buffer tank we then pump the water to our fine sieve process so here we have a process with textures at a 500 micron in size the main reason why we have this process in place is because we have ultra filtration membranes so the more pre-treatment we can put in the longer we can prolong the life of these membranes at the end of the day because they are quite costly we do CIPs with potassium hydroxide to remove any fats oils in Greece because we do not have any of that in our pre-treatment step and here again we have to meet 25% dry solids and the plant achievement is 27% at this point next slide please the biological process consists of two trains which are operating in parallel we have denotrification chambers which have mixers installed so this is the anoxic tank and this is where we are removing the nitrates they are converted to nitrogen gas at this point the mixed liquor is then passed into the notification chambers which have fine bubble dome diffuses on and this is another point of efficiency for the plant where we are able to aerate the process more efficiently than conventional surface aerators the design capacity here or the design for the plant is that the SRT should be 12 days we are typically operating between 8 to 10 days so we are able to reduce this which is another benefit for for our ultra filtration membranes and here we are looking to achieve one PPM oxygen at this point the MBR process is the main process that we have here on the plant that is very different to the conventional treatments or wastewater treatment plants that we have in Namibia here we have four trains with the z-weed 500D membranes installed they have a nominal core size of 0.45 micron in size so they are able to trap all bacteria and viruses at this point it's a very good microbiological barrier and this is where we are really separating the treated wastewater treated through by the biological process and then the water is then discharged to the UV process these membranes are fairly expensive so we are constantly taking care of them with maintenance cleans where we are doing weekly cleans with sodium hypochlorite and citric acid in tandem the reason why we are using both of these chemicals at the same time is that our water that is arriving at the plant is quite high in dissolved solids so when you are dosing sodium hypo which has a high pH we tend to get a lot of crystallization happening and then we dose citric acid just to ensure that we don't pull the pull that into the membranes and plug them currently we are operating with 12 minute filtration cycle 60 seconds of relaxation and then a 45 second back flush every five cycles of filtration we conduct two recovery cleans annually and this is when we go for a more intense cleaning where we actually switch off the membrane process and dose higher concentrations of chemicals for a longer period of time to try and recover the the membrane performance our plant achievement at the moment is anywhere between 200 to 300 lmh in terms of the permeability of these membranes they have been in operation for almost eight years now next slide please once we've gone through mbr filtration the permeate is then passed to the UV unit for disinfection this is just a second microbiological barrier just in case we have any membrane breakages that we do not pick up immediately we are able to disinfect at this point CIPs are conducted here again with citric acid every three months just to ensure that we maintain the UV performance the boot contract specifications indicate that fecal coliforms at this point should be below 200 the plant achievement throughout this period has been less than one cfu per 100 ml and somatic colifages also less than one pfu per 100 ml the water that is disinfected is then passed to the clear water storage tank where the effluent is discharged to the Klein Windhoek River here we are supporting the rehabilitation of the Akwaswaka Port River Basin System the Ujab's water reclamation plant actually came about due to the old treatment plant not being able to meet discharge requirements and so in this period of time where we have been discharging water that is meeting the boot contract specifications greater than 99 percent of the operational period we are actually rehabilitating some of the Akwaswaka River Port Basin System the plant production averages 92 percent of the design capacity since it has been in operation next slide please here we are looking at the permeate quality and the membrane performance over this period we are achieving COD ranging between 40 to 50 milligrams per litre BOD 5 is indicating that all of the COD is non-biodegradable matter at this point as it is less than 2 milligrams per litre the ammonia concentrations are also quite low TKN and phosphates are also very low when we have a look at the membrane performance we can see that it has dropped over this period since we've been in operation but it is also indicating in the last two three years that it is really starting to stabilize at around 250 to 300 LMH bar over this period in terms of the permeability so the membrane performance is quite stable and the quality the permeate quality is also very good from the plant next slide please so some of the permeate potential reuse options that we have initially there was a planned eros golf course which was going to utilize the water we have also been approached by the Ventuk golf course during periods of low rainfall for use of our water as well during the construction of the new dual carriage highway the water was used for dust suppression during construction there's also envisioned use of a private gantry or private use with a gantry installation by the city of Ventuk where anyone who purchases water is able to come to the plant tag a specific flow meter with a prepaid installation and then is able to collect water from our site we also know that some of the informal settlements further downstream are utilizing the water for various purposes where they are collecting the water that is actually flowing in the Klein Ventuk river for for their own private use just a quick look at the picture you can see that I have some cattle next to the plant here that are foraging on on some of the grass that is growing there the informal farmers cattle herders that we have in our area are actually taking their cattle every morning down to the outflow of the plant and using our water to basically produce cattle on site we've also been approached by some mining companies from Mitel and from Lodstone where they are looking to use our water in future for for their mining operations I've also indicated that should the water be treated further it could also be used for formal agricultural reuse in future and I think the the importance of water reuse in Namibia is and specifically Ventuk is very important because we have we have such low rainfall we are not always able to replenish our our resources if we were to use this in a more sustainable way it would mean that there would be less demand on surface water as well as drinking water and that that would obviously mean that it would be easier to manage in future as well next slide please there's also the possibility for phase two where we would upgrade the plant by increasing the plant capacity to 6.3 mega liters per day we also have done investigations with biogas production through the anaerobic digestion of the sludge we've also identified some co-substrates from the various industries which would then allow us to produce 100% of the power required on site and then we would use solar drying to to dry dewatered stabilized sludge and we've also had a look at the secondary usage of this dry sludge as filler material for construction purposes some of the research is being done by the various universities here here in Ventuk so the plant could potentially become a net zero meter in future next slide thank you very much for listening and having a look at taking an interest at what we are doing here in Ventuk Namibia we appreciate the time thank you thank you very much gems for your presentation okay without further ado let me move to the next speaker because we're getting very late we're going to finish later than we expected um our next uh and last uh speaker for today is Mr. Varanan Laosuan who is the utility business development director at WHA Utilities and Power in Thailand with more than 10 years of experience so I'm very happy to hear about the point of view of Thailand and I'm looking forward to see how WHA innovates to make water reclamation a reality for industrial users Mr. Varanan I pass it to you hi hi good afternoon from Thailand everyone um my name is Varanan Laosuan I'm working in the company called WHA Utilities and Power so it's my it's my honor to be speaker today uh with all of the ladies and gentlemen today so we basically the WHA UP we are actually the another site of the prayer in the water business we we we basically we are the investor and operator for the utilities in Thailand and also in Vietnam uh which uh uh later I'll present to you uh three parts of the content the first one let me introduce you some uh about the WHA UP what we are doing in terms of utility business uh secondly we have some reference project and uh some of the the information of the Thailand utility business and lastly we uh I would like to introduce you to the project that we think is the is the real sustainable uh uh resources for the future development in in Thailand okay so please next line please yes uh about us about the WHA UP uh we are actually a subsidiary in the WHA group in Thailand the the total solution for industrial development the WHA utilities and power we basically right now we we invest uh both for utilities and power business uh in Thailand and Vietnam right now next line please recently for the utility business we invest uh not only the process water but we also have the raw water management industrial water wastewater treatment uh and and some other uh specific water and what we focus to do is the we create water uh as of uh last year our management uh water is 135 uh million cubic meter per year and for the power business uh our uh MECAWAT uh equity MECAWAT is uh 607 uh MECAWAT last year the power business uh we have both conventional uh power plants and also the renewable like the solar energy also the waste to energy as well in Vietnam we uh uh start the business last three years and it's the same model in Thailand so we have industrial estate in in in Vietnam uh then we uh supply the utilities uh water supply wastewater to the manufacturer in in in the industrial zone also we have some other uh uh municipal water business in Hanoi and in some other area and up north of Vietnam the this line will show some off-out utility type uh the water and wastewater treatment so uh we basically we have 11 industrial zones each industrial zone have the utility for the water supply and wastewater um uh we engineering the system depend on each location that means in some location uh is we have very limited off land so the system will have to be very compact in some other area we have a lot of land so we develop some kind of natural uh engineering uh uh system like the uh uh red land or uh the aerated lagoon that require a lot of land but less in terms of energy consumption next slide please yes and uh this is uh uh continue from the last one you you see that we have quite many of uh system uh in the industrial zone that we have uh including the activators slash uh and also some of the uh aerated lagoon over there yeah next slide please so at the British U.P. um last year we got the award from the stock exchange of Thailand as the uh one of the best innovation company award from the project that we call DRW the demineralizes we claim water is the is the real sustainable resource for future development that what we uh have the slogan for this product this product is actually we are not trying to recycle the wastewater but we trying to thinking uh to to make the well added to the wastewater in in in our in our uh uh thinking uh wastewater is not the wastewater anymore is the is the alternative resource for the water for the future so uh we we claim water and we not only utilizes at the second grade of the application we sell it back to the manufacturing at the premium price as the demin water and this one you you see later so this one is the last year of water we got and if you look at uh about 10 or 20 years before uh our company uh continue to develop many of the water uh technology it's not it might not be the uh um the new technology but we try to to promote it as the player at the user like uh in in 2000 we we adopt the project called what they call for constructed wetland with the AIT Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand and it's very successful we we introduce this kind of wastewater to other community and it's very useful to develop such wastewater in Thailand uh okay next slide please okay so so the concept of this uh uh water management we introduce uh is from the three combination the sustainable water resource management innovative corporate culture and circular economy with this together and uh we got the result of the uh the Rw the mineralizes we claim wastewater next slide please okay so uh this slide show you how we uh introduce the concept in and implement it in our uh organization so if you see at the the the top of the diagram on the top is the conventional way of water management in Thailand especially in the industrial zone so we have raw water and then we have water treatment hand and then we send the water to industrial user industrial user generate the wastewater and it's going into the central wastewater treatment hand and then we discharge to environment some other uh manufacturing they may need some uh spatial water like the mean water and they have to produce by themselves so we see the pain point about that so some manufacturing they don't have space to expand because they have to do the utility and okay and also if you see like that we have to discharge a lot of wastewater into environment and uh because the concept uh we would like to make a sustainable development we change the concept to the diagram b so we uh put the water unit is the reclamation uh the combination of the u f r o and then we produce the value added for that from that we create water so we are not selling water after as the low low price we sell water at the higher price because the quality is better than the conventional water and by this concept you see that we can save a lot of environment in term of uh amount of wastewater that discharge to environment and we can save the investment by the governor to expand the raw water projects because we can reclaim substantial amount of wastewater into industrial user and this one we call this concept uh uh the reclamation to industrial user in the future we try to do uh reclamation of domestic wastewater to industrial user so it will be the complete supply economy concept in the future next slide please okay by that concept uh we make it in the uh uh one of our industrial estate so in the BCA UP we already have the largest reclamation plant in Thailand it's the standalone plant of the capacity of 25,000 cubic meters per day of the permeate water so this project we invest a lot but it's very bad so um uh uh the pain point when after we do the reclamation project uh we are thinking about making it more uh financial uh feasible meaning that we try we need to function difference between our water and and you know conventional industrial water is it's not that much but if we integrate to the mean water it will create another value and we can sell more in term of uh uh price so this concept is a very successful model to develop a reclamation we don't have to get any subsidy from government we just uh try to find the right of taker the right value and we develop the project and the project is uh feasible by itself next slide please so uh this is the uh actual the real picture the real location that we adopt uh this kind of concept you see that in this industrial estate in this industrial area uh it's very uh circular economy uh uh concept because we we have the water treatment we send the water to uh factory the factory send back the wastewater to us we develop the reclamation plant we integrate it to the mineralized plant and we send it back to the uh uh industrial user so it's very it's the uh close roof of the water management uh next slide please okay i think this one i already mentioned uh next slide please because of the concept we introduce uh at least the benefit is in this uh page uh the the factory they get the higher quality of water at the lower price why because uh higher quality because uh when the water pass through the membrane and then the mixed bed you got the mean quality why lower price uh because we don't have the cost of the raw water we use the wastewater to produce the the the high grade of water number two the manufacturer they can concentrate on its core business they don't have to worry about utility for providing uh number three is the environmental impact mitigation so we can reduce a substantial of wastewater to environment and lastly as i mentioned this one is the future resource for for everyone uh industry they don't have to take the water from the natural water in fact uh we would like to get the wastewater from people to be the resource of industry so uh this concept is very beautiful in term of the water management uh next slide please okay this uh some of the reference project that we have uh the top one uh is the largest plant in thailand now it's 25 cubic meters per day and it decide to be the uh uf or unit is located in the eastern part of thailand and the mineralize at the bottom we integrate from the the the system on top and send it back to the power plant next slide please okay this is uh similar to to the the project that we mentioned but uh the capacity is uh uh the top one is uh 5 000 cubic meter per day and the the bottom one is uh 3.8 000 cubic meter per day and it's the water supply to the power plant next slide please okay this is another project in the one location of industrial estate next slide please okay so that our uh thank you very much for your attention thank you very much for your talk uh let me see if i'm able to start my video i cannot start my video again because the host has stopped me if you can do something about it that would be nice um okay so we are going to be moving now um uh towards the the the q and a discussion but before that we have a quick poll that i would like to put first uh if we can start this poll that's for the different speaker basically uh you know that we are doing this webinar series um as a as a series of on the way to uh chennai 2023 so from the water reuse specialist group and so if you are interested in doing uh in we have other topics uh if there are any topics that you think that you would be interested for for future talks uh i would i would like to encourage you to answer the poll and then we will try to to accommodate uh your interest so please i would like the the participant to answer uh to answer the poll and let us know your interest in the field of water reuse um and then we're going to start uh answering questions so of course there are lots of questions we're already a bit late but nevertheless we're going to try and answer and answer a number of questions uh maybe i would like to start with with nupur nupur there have been questions for you and i have been looking a little bit and so uh there was there was first like i think maybe let's start with a very easy question uh with a very short there was a there was a question uh related to a chennai um and that is sometimes affected by flooding and more generally speaking especially with climate change impacts uh it is expected that uh there can be a lot of damage that is being done to those water treatment installations so how is it going to affect water security and how is how is everything climate proof can you maybe answer this question nupur when my utility is designed so all these safety features are already taken in place but to know more about the safety features we have to discuss this with the utilities and the company which is operating there so now maybe uh dr joseph can answer he's from abhag who is operating in chennai or we may come to the next question joseph do you want to say anything i didn't hear really uh i didn't hear clearly nupur the connection for flooding and and and i cannot plan the damage again your voice your voice is breaking uh joseph can you hear me now okay a bit a bit a bit a bit better a bit better the question the question was related the question was was related about how to a climate proof those those those those installations maybe uh this is applicable maybe this is applicable to to other countries according to my knowledge of course there was no damage at the reclamation and then and water and wastewater treatment um there was another problem in three three years ago there was a drought and it was comparable to to Cape Town there were there were road tankers apply and it was the monsoon was delayed and chennai suffered very much on water shortage so but by floods there were no damage according to my knowledge okay okay okay thank you thank you thank you very much uh nupur back to you there was there was there was also a question about like the the the incentives to move to pull the industrial sector towards zero liquid discharge in india are there are there financial incentives incentives yes definitely now since the government is encouraging water reuse so it is being incentivized and always it is better to enhance the water reuse in your own facility then to purchase water so now the tariffs tariffs are there for different locations across the country and in some locations tariffs are really high so therefore the government is incentivizing to use the treated water so this is my take on this thank you thank you very much uh gems there were also a number of questions related to the to the to the window case uh did that you mentioned and maybe I would like to start with with the simplest one um how much how much how much of the how much of the reuse is formal or planned and how much of it is is informal because there was a question that maybe can seem very naive but i'm sure that more attendees are uh if you are discharging to the river how is this reuse rather than just treatment so are you able to clarify to clarify these gems maybe first yeah sure um so we with with the dry conditions that we have in Namibia the river that i'm actually talking about is actually not a river it's basically just a river bed so the the water that we are discharging uh in the river is actually part of environmental augmentation so we are discharging water into a river bed which which only flows during heavy rainy periods here in the city of Intuk um this water eventually underground uh the Swakoport uh dam uh and the Swakoport dam is actually uh a surface water storage system uh which actually provides uh from time to time water to the city of Intuk it did um uh via the the via dam water um so conventional drinking water treatment and is actually then returned to the city for drinking water purposes so we are actually the surface water catchment areas that we had here um and then eventually the water is returned to the city of Intuk for drinking water purposes all right thank you very much they were also i stay with you gems because because there were also a couple of questions about the new new nutrients removal because especially with with the abattoir the the food and beverage how do you deal with phosphorus and with nitrates yeah um firstly i did see the question about the phosphorus um and i think i said to reply on the nitrates um but the the the phosphorus that that is entrant as i think we saw with the various industries is quite high and the plant was not designed for biological phosphorus removal we are dosing ferric chloride continuously and then these precipitates are then removed via our dewatering process so we are dosing um anywhere between two to five liters per hour which is actually not not too high so our ferric consumption is not too high our cost terms of of um ferric usage is also not very high on the plant and then again with the nitrates we we we try and run as efficiently as possible on our denit process where we are constantly monitoring the process for the various parameters to make sure that we we are running it in the most efficient manner to be able to remove the nitrates um from that system thank you thank you very much uh i'm moving towards you Verlennan thank you very much for your talk which was which i found which i found uh very interesting and so and so you mentioned first that uh that uh that you you are using this demineralized water uh you are reusing it within the industry you mentioned but uh are there are there other possible applications for the treated demineralized water that are being considered in Thailand or in Vietnam since you also have projects in where in Vietnam yes uh thank you for the question uh actually uh for the other applications besides industry um frankly speaking i i in in the in the real market we we we cannot see much opportunity on that it's uh mostly is it's for industrial use for the demineralized you know for that that uh quite a period of the water there may be some application in the laboratory i i think but it's not the scale that we are looking for we're looking for some scale like a huge one that could impact a lot to environment that that what we try to develop the projects thank you there was also another question uh for for you for you Verlennan but like you were short some day data that shows a decrease of the water permeability of the membrane so so it looks like the membranes so it looks like the membranes could be degrading over time so how often do you need to change the membranes yes uh um it's actually uh from our experience it is quite dependent on the on the operations criteria but uh in general for the uf membrane it could be like uh five to six years uh to be replaced and for the for i'm sorry for the uf membrane it's like six to seven years and for the i o membrane it's like uh five to six years that in general but it depends it depends on the quality and and uh how you operate it some some in our friends uh it could be more than you know a year for i o it's possible thank you very much Verlennan um okay for the panelists is there any other question that you would have noticed that uh that uh of course i had to select if uh if if any of you have a final question that you want to attack from from the q and a please feel free to to to do so yes um only me i'm sorry maybe nupo first yeah there was a question uh about the suddenly the zero liquid discharge definition uh one delegate has asked so actually as per the central pollution control board of uh india uh what is defined in 2015 as per the zl d guideline or the requirement that for facilities larger units discharging more than 100 k l d so zl d is basically refers to the installation of facilities and system which enables the industrial effort for absolute reciting of the permits and converting the solutes into residues so those solutes could be dissolved organics and inorganic compounds or salts so this is a clear cut definition and when it is applied uh so zero liquid discharge when it is applied be considered like to achieve the frequent quality the wastewater quality parameters so that you can reuse so this is the whole idea about zl d and when we talk of uh supporting zl d through uh newer technology interventions we look at integrating uh advanced oxidation or any such technology interventions so that the load on tertiary could be reduced so that it becomes much more affordable and uh compliant so this was the question and i hope i could answer thank you thank you very much joseph you were going to say something yes um there was a question the the cheapest method for a brine disposal uh basically we have to say there are brine disposal and and beneficial uses options and the cost of brine disposal or reuse depend regarding disposal depend very much on the requested brine quality brine quality there be standard and more and more different standards so it depends on the requested brine quality on the location of the facility is it inland or at the sea and it depends all on the climate but if i have a hot climate evaporation ponds for example would be an interesting option in order to answer the question perhaps the cheapest solution may be an official reuse of the brine examples are to and to accomplish zero liquid discharge without evaporation and crystallization and uh examples are quenching of refinery coax in quenching of refinery coax it's a kind of very cheap zero liquid discharge application or another what i know is dust saturation by brine with brine in in coal gasification so it's a very wide topic to to to handle brine management concentrate management very many options and so each specific case has to be considered in detail thank you uh yosef that you you actually you actually reminded me that talking about waste and the by-product management that i saw a number of questions about sludge management also uh maybe maybe can i bring this back to to you varanen how do you deal with sludge and uh with with the with the sludge in the in the thailand context varanen yes yes okay um yes in in in thailand um the very conventional way we we deal with the sludge is the we simply send it to the let's say the the disposer so that's a very conventional way um but the the better way is that we try to find the application on that as well some other some of the the disposer they they use the sludge and produce is that the fertilizer something like that so so it's depend also with the character of the sludge in thailand we have the recreation of the hazardous and non hazardous waste if it's defined as the hazardous waste so it's very limited in term of uh you know uh in no way it inducing in some way else but if it is the non hazardous waste yes we we can do a lot of things about it okay but so the sludge the sludge from those from those industrial estates is it considered hazardous or non non hazardous um it is considered non hazardous but uh this is have to be remarked that you have to to make some proven evidence uh in in thailand when you develop the industrial zone it doesn't mean that the factory inside industrial can dump anything into the wastewater treatment tank that is not in in in our country so there is the limitation for example you have to make sure that you don't reuse the heavy metal into the the the central treatment tank that's why the sludge became the non hazardous waste so but in some specific industrial zone uh for some specific uh zone that uh decide for the manufacture like pitot chemical that could be the hazardous waste so it is it's uh it's not uh uh in well uh typical you have to to look into the detail of each wastewater treatment tank it's and it's soft thank you thank you very very much Varanon I think that we are running very late we are half an hour late so I think that uh I will I will bring out these these webinar to to an end if I can get back to the main presentation to to the slides um I cannot see the slides again where are they where are they okay yeah I can see there so I think that now um I just I just need to introduce the the the next uh upcoming webinar so and there will be a webinar on monitoring modeling and mitigating nitrous oxide in May next slide okay remember the world water congress from IWA you can still register with early bird rates next um join our network of water professionals yes please join us on IWA connect and when you join us to IWA connect you can also join our water reuse specialist group and keep informed of what is happening next slide thank you very much uh I I just want to thank uh our speakers to to to a day I'm sorry that there was a little bit of sound issue uh from the side of window but nevertheless I want to thank Joseph and James uh for giving us this talk from Africa thank you Nupur for giving us the Indian point of view and thank you very much for talking about about Thailand and thank you everyone for for for attending this webinar and I hope that you you learned that everybody learned something and I hope that you like this overview uh from different countries from which we don't necessarily hear about all the time so it was uh an honor for me and it was a great pleasure to have to have these four speakers today thank you again um and goodbye and see you soon hopefully in Chennai in January 2023