 Extracellular vesicles, EVs, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic vesicles, small, membrane-bound structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment. They have been found to play an important role in intercellular communication with the potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. The understanding of how EVs interact with their targets and the factors that influence this interaction is still limited, but recent advances in technology have allowed us to gain insight into this process. Factors such as the properties of the EVs, the cellular environment, and the recipient cell all affect the ability of EVs to bind and enter cells. With further research, we can expect to learn more about the intricacies of EV-mediated intercellular communication. This article was authored by Wei Huang Liu and Cheng Wang.