 Hello everyone So always on the well side of life. I think you probably all know that little song No Well now if you will have it in your in your mind, and then you will associate that with fallow deer So was fallow deer always white? And I believe that you probably know what fallow deer is or if not, well, I hope I will give you some insights So To start with you have to know that there's two subspecies species of fallow deer and So the you the European fallow deer that most of you probably have seen because it is nowadays the mostly widespread and this is in fact due to humans and And the other one is the Mesopotamian fallow deer that is on the contrary very very restricted Basically from outside they look very different One is bigger than the other one, but when we look at the bones, it's a bit more difficult to see this difference Also, you see here. They have very Different geographic repetition in the Olo Sen so the after the late place show and Time like the European fallow deer was found in Western Natalia and the Mesopotamian fallow deer But they have this same They share the same story with and this relationship with humans that in the fact that they have been moved by humans to Different places maybe more restrictive for the Mesopotamian fallow deer or this is what we kind of knew from before I started to stay in with with that project and I would present you some new new things. I don't have yet like a more general Story for you because I'm still like playing with the data and everything And this is so that they're different repetition that that we know of for the Mesopotamian and the and the European and A fact is that none of none are not native to any of Mediterranean islands. So they have been either brought by humans or they swim. I mean Effectively, they can swim but not on such long distances. So we we know now from like a lot of research that they have been brought by humans So the big the big the overarching objective of my project is like to to provide a new Interpreted a perspective on the biocultural history of fallow deer and like transform of our understanding of like exchange between culture but also there's a few things about like Trying to inform modern conservation policy and especially about the Mesopotamian fallow deer, but also the European one and the so what I'm trying to do first in in the in the archaeology Archaeological level is like trying to different they did two species because it's not it's not that easy and Oh, there's there's been a lot of things assumed, but it's actually it's not it's not easy to distinguish and To to track the fall of the fallow deer dispersal and therefore like human exchange and traits and also understand specific relationship and how they have been managed a Domesticated over time So I'm trying to use like different or I will try to use different strain of data After I am done with what I'm doing at the moment, which is I'm using their geometric morphometrics Which is the quantitative representation and analysis of morphological shape using geometric coordinates instead of linear so we we get a more a More Overall a morphology it's more we we get more detail than just linear measurement and with linear measurement We cannot necessarily differentiate both fallow deer because there's a lot of overlap Because you know that female and male are very sexually dimorphic So they will be a huge overlap that we cannot necessarily tell them apart So like one Bone that I'm working on is the teeth. So this is roughly my protocol Why I'm using like fixed landmark and semi landmarks to try to get a whole geometry of the of the tooth So what I will focus now on like Mediterranean islands because this is the topic of the session But I'm working widely like all over eastern Eurasia So I will focus on Cyprus and you see that there's a lot of sites from Different periods and that was my main field word for a lot for for many years and there's loads and loads and loads of Material there is it's crazy the the relationship that these people had this fallow deer is just amazing and and then I Think in the abstract. Maybe I talked about creed, but I Unfortunately, I won't have access to any of this material. So I have to drop it off But I have well one sample from Sicily and and some samples from Mallorca And I will go there again after to get more because it's very interesting you see So if we go into the the subject of the of the data, so just to just to show you a Quick thing at first. So I I did we do use like modern reference. So here you see like European fellow dear reference that is mainly from the UK and the mess of time and tell the reference is a very small population from Israel that have been reintroduced and You can see like they're very very different But the green in the middle those are palaeolysic must time and fellow deer and you see that is less of a lot So we thought like okay Those ones are like really really really different. So that's probably a result to in breeding and and things So that's just to keep in mind the the conservation informative Conservation policy that Archaeology can can can bring like this population is really is really very very different from what we see in the past So past that a my reference is therefore palaeolysic and this time and fellow deer And when I plotted the deciphered samples at first when I saw I was like But actually so you see there's there's not very much So you have to you have to look a little bit further and then when when you take into account the And the third component you can see that there's there's starting to be like a more a Different shade between groups where that cypress is still like all over the place and I was like what does it mean? I mean why and So we we try to test the the variants of the of the overall population So that's that represent the whole sample from different period and but for each period there's a lot of variance and We came to the conclusion and that's the first that Those population are mixed population and when I say mixed population is like so there's European fellow deer and Mesopotamian fellow deer and possibly hybrids and that's something that is very new because We always assume before that it was Mesopotamian fellow deer that was introduced To to the island and I will come back to that At at the end so the thing is I don't have any DNA to confirm that this the Disamples are very bad if results. So it will be difficult to so in in the state now I can I can say that they're probably a mixed population and Then if we look at Malorca and Sicily, so you can see that there's a very good distinction Mesopotamian So are they are the European fellow deer well for the for the Sicily we know that they are fellow deer and at some point they thought that they were redger, but no they are fellow deer And what about Malorca? Well from Malorca like the antlers says they look they look pretty much like European fellow deer and You you saw like that for them for the morphometrics. They also look fellow deer, but the weird thing is on the mitochondrial DNA so from the mother the genetic Sequence are Mesopotamian fellow deer they're closer to Mesopotamian fellow deer. So what does what does that mean? It's like European and Mesopotamian. Oh, so it seems here that we have like Ibrids like we have the the the clear proof of like the Ibrids so Just to summarize So on Cyprus it seems that the morphology says that there's mixed population and so maybe maybe both maybe average Honestly, when I think at first I was Because I assumed for like all I've learned before that this was the case because we only found that and I couldn't I Just couldn't believe it But when I thought about it, I'm like, but actually that could totally make sense because people in Cyprus have been Coming from different places. We know that they are trading obsidian from Anatolia. We know that some people are coming from 1100 from northern events so before there is like a more island identity there's like a group during the contact and everything from the Neolithic As a revenue thing and through the faculty and then there's start to have exchange again I haven't so I haven't looked like in Detail like through through the time to see if there's a change and stuff I was just like so for now is just like this this can make sense. They can come from different places, but So they could have imported European fellow there must be time and shallows here they hybridize on the island or maybe they already Did Found I read or maybe they hybridize on the continent. I mean, there's there's a no whole possibilities actually it's like Yeah, it's a small question that First Italy well, you know, it's morphology and he says it's your And he was a native so it was imported there by humans and my locker the most She said you're here, but the genetic says So we have like I bridge I bridge and so on on Cyprus, there's there's been this this Relationship with holiday for like over six millennia like very intensive hunting. We know now from like demographic profiles With like all age at first and then younger So there's a change in the strategy like sex ratios more balance before and then more males supposedly younger males that are not necessary for a production so but We we Think that I mean they're never really being domesticated. I don't think there was any Reason to do to do it. It's an island. They're there. They're producing well There's yeah, so But over the time to to manage to to keep them for like six millennia Then he went like really fast bronze age The population started decreasing and like antiquities almost nothing and then they disappear in probably Byzantine time But to to have kept them for so long. They must have managed in a certain way but not necessarily domesticate In in Sicily There's just not much I can say because it's very little material But it's from the Roman period. So it could be I mean most likely like imported Exotic animal that's what was kept in like a vivarium and from alokas so when we know that they are I breeze for the demographic profile we know that we have like Young animals And a high proportion of female. So it looks like they were kind of managed like Livestock and but maybe a bit more extensive than a device. So like but in still constrained area And We know like for example from Roman text Kulmela and Pini that they mentioned the knowledge of like breeding and interweaving between different species so like for example between the dromedary and camel and Horse and donkey that gives a mule. So why actually, why should it not have happened before? And and elsewhere with father we we don't know if it happened in in In nature in a nature state because there's maybe an overlapping area between the two we don't know but maybe it's the fact of human because they have transported them a bit everywhere and When you think about it examples exist for like domesticated animals, they were white once upon a time and they were domesticated so and some domestication led to Earth Not like full domestication. You can tame animals. So just there's lots of possibilities and and Even even now father they are like farmed. So are they domesticated not domesticated? They're kind of and they're quite I mean they're quite gentle animals when they weren't in route. So For the for the mail. So, yeah, thank you for your attention. And I hope to have more more stories in