 peroxisome proliferate-activated receptors, PPRs, are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The PPRs are involved in energy homeostasis and metabolic function. The present review critically analyzes the protective and detrimental effect of proper agonists in diseases such as diabetes, obesity, adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, cancer, lung diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fertility or reproduction, pain and obesity. This article was authored by Sandeep Tyagi, Paras Gupta, Arminder Singh Saini and others.