 The eastern Mediterranean region, EMR, is home to many countries that are vulnerable to highly contagious and severe infectious diseases, as well as re-emerging infectious diseases. These include Lychmoniasis, Hepatitis A and E viruses, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Dengue fever, H5N1, Middle East respiratory syndrome, MERS, and others. Additionally, there are challenges to control cholera, diphtheria, Lychmoniasis, measles, and polio in certain countries. Furthermore, Alkerma hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, and Tuileremia are limited to specific countries in the region. The EMR is also at risk for future outbreaks of these diseases due to its lack of capacity to effectively prevent and respond to them. This article was authored by S. Unmostaphati, Abdelmajid Ghazenian, Abubakar Abdinassir, and others.