 Magnetosphere, a magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are manipulated or affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by planets having active hot iron and nickel or metallic cores, whose motion generated a planetary magnetic field, but such fields can also occur in stars by the interactions of plasma. In the space environment close to a planetary body, the magnetic field resembles a magnetic dipole. Further out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the sun or at nearby stars, e.g. the solar wind. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation, that also protects all living organisms from potentially detrimental and dangerous consequences. This is studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics and aeronomy.