 Great, welcome everybody. My name is Michael Victor. I'm the head of communications and knowledge management at the at Ilri at the International Livestock Research Institute. I'd like to welcome everyone to the Ilri Venture 37 webinar series on livestock and livelihoods. This is the first webinar is on leveraging livestock to combat malnutrition perspectives from East Africa. And the purpose is to discuss the important role that the livestock sector can play in bringing solutions that enhance human nutrition and food security across Africa. And we'll be focusing on the collaborative work that we've been doing between Ilri and Venture 37. Before before we start just to give you some tech tips. Remember to we won't we won't be using for attendees will not be using so much the microphone or be talking so not too much to worry about that with that but please do put on your headset it's always easier to hear. Remember to put your full name into the box and you can do that by clicking on your name and renaming yourself so if you click on more you can see rename and you can rename yourself and put in your name and your organization just so we see where you're from. We are going to start the closed captioning. And we'll see how that works but it's just to help people kind of see what people are saying sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't work so much but we will be using that. Again keep your microphone off on the webinar it shouldn't be too much of an issue but just make sure your your microphone is off. If you can't see or hear anything do close and restart the zoom and other programs so that usually helps. And again one of the things that we'd really like to initiate is make sure that we're having a conversation throughout this webinar. So please use the chat to post comments or questions during the presentations and we'll really hopefully have a conversation as we go through this. And finally just to let everyone know that the video is the session is being recorded we have audio and video chat and even any private chance are often visible to the organizers once it's downloaded so just to be aware of that. So with that, today we have an exciting lineup of speakers and I'd like to kick us off I would like to hand over to john Ellen Berger who is the executive director of land of lakes from venture and venture 37, which was founded in 1981 by Land of Lakes to kind of take us through the introduction. Over to you john. Good afternoon, Michael and thank you for the introduction also for kicking us off here today. It is a pleasure to be here today to present the webinar series on behalf of Hillary and Land of Lakes venture 37. About 600 million smallholder farmers trust their livelihoods to animals worldwide. By 2050, the demand for animal source foods will triple based on the needs of our growing and diversifying global population. So the live stock and livelihoods webinar series will highlight the realities and the importance of livestock in global development, and how organizations like Hillary and venture 37 among many others are working together to bring solutions through livestock that are critical to global priorities including climate change, food security, human nutrition, one health, and empowering marginalized communities, exploring this connection between the livestock systems and lively food is a priority for both Hillary of course and also for venture 37, which is why we have joined forces to co produce this webinar series. We venture 37 are a 501 C three nonprofit that as Michael mentioned is affiliated with Land of Lakes Inc, which is a US based $15 billion farmer owned cooperative with diversified agribusinesses in the areas of dairy and livestock and animal and crops. We bring over 40 years of agricultural development experience in over 80 countries to our work and to our partnerships, and all of this is done in pursuit of helping global communities thrive through agriculture. Currently, we're partnering with Hillary on several projects to help improve livelihoods through livestock those those programs include the Gates Foundation funded public private partnerships for artificial insemination delivery project, which works to build the growth of the private sector in Tanzania and in Ethiopia through improved AI services and private sector investments. Another is the Africa Dairy genetic gains project, which supported a farmer focus partnership that recorded on farm performance and genetic information on dairy cattle again in Tanzania and Ethiopia, and provides feedback on the data driven insights gained back to farmers through educational education. Lastly, the Kenya nourishing prosperity Alliance which aims to advance the sustainable farming practices of more than 5000, excuse me 5000 women smallholder farmers while increasing the supply of nutritional dairy products to local communities. Across our work together ill re continues to be a valued partner that brings the voices of smallholder farmers to the forefront of their innovations and technologies, while seeking to use research to reduce poverty in developing countries for efficient safe and sustainable use of livestock. We also share a common mission to ensure better lives through livestock so we truly could not think of a better partner for hosting this livestock and lively hoods series. The goal of this webinar series is to highlight how livestock can enrich lives and unlock potential. It will feature experts, many of whom you'll hear from today in the areas of livestock in an international development, pairing cutting edge research with last mile implementation experience in East Africa. And our discussions will dive deeply into topics them that impact livestock systems and how humans can both benefit from and interact with livestock. Today's discussion will explore the intersection of livestock and food security, specifically how the livestock sector can bring solutions that enhance human nutrition and food security across East Africa. Our work has proven that livestock plays a crucial role in improving the economies and the families and smallholder farming around the world. Our speakers and panelists will discuss the differences we are seeing in projects when animal source foods are accessible to low income communities and are part of people's diets, especially those of children. Today's presentations will also highlight how animal source foods can provide needed nutrition to prevent issues such as malnutrition and stunting. This is bound to be an enlightening start to our series and enlightening discussion this morning or today. So with that, I would like to thank everyone for being here and I look forward to the presentation. Michael, back to you. Excellent. Thanks a lot, John. That was that was really good. It gives us a good setup for the day and welcomes everybody here. After this we're going to we're going to now have a just a quick video to really get us in the mood and really kind of take us to the field take us to Rwanda to really look at nutrition and livestock from a from a real perspective so we have a short video that we would like to play. And then we'll move into the speaking part of the session. So please, could we start that off now. Can you stop screen sharing please. Okay. The screen is being shared. No, please, please take it down. Oh, okay. There you go. Excellent that that was really just to kick us off and you know we will be actually hearing more about this project from Emily. So I'm going to talk about when she speaks in a little while. Just to kind of get a sense of what people thought about that we do have a question. What is similar different from your own context of work so please put that into the chat and we'll kind of continue to look at that but it'd be interesting to hear from others on the chat as to how you felt that this links to your own context. So I'd like to start the, the kind of a presentation part of the session and then we'll be going into a more discussion part but we have a couple of presentations, and our introductory presentation is by Dr. Laura Leon, Laura in a T, and she'll be talking about building the narrative the livestock derived foods and sustainable and healthy diets. Laura is an associate professor in public health at Washington State University in St. Louis. She's also director of the E three nutrition lab, working to identify environmentally sustainable and evolutionary appropriate and economically affordable nutrition solutions around the world. She's a visiting scholar at Ilri. And she leads projects all over the world really in Haiti, Ecuador and Kenya. And she's really working on transdisciplinary approaches using animal source foods and small livestock in fisheries and she just started she just produced a report with the UN on livestock derived foods which will be kind of the central part of this presentation today so over to you Laura and thank you very much for participating in this. Good morning everyone can you hear me okay. Yeah, we can hear you great. Wonderful. So the title of my presentation is building the narrative livestock and sustainable healthy diets and I want to say thank you to the, the conveners of this webinar for allowing me to give this presentation and be on this panel with such esteemed speakers. When we're given such a short amount of time we have to start with our last slide. So these are the key messages that I'm going to communicate in this presentation. Stunting affects 144 million young children around the world that's one in five with pretty serious consequences for growth and brain development. So livestock derived foods can play a critical role in alleviating stunting and malnutrition but there are large disparities around the world, as you will see in a minute. LDF provide limiting nutrients and highly bio available matrices, and thus are powerful in both abundance and in scarcity. Epidemiological evidence supports the need to ensure access to LDF she'll be hearing about access in the later presentation. But this is this is particularly true in certain periods of the life course childhood pregnancy and lactation and old age. So any action is needed to rebalance food systems and support sustainable mixed livestock production to safeguard human animal and planetary health. Next slide. Next slide. So there are large consumption disparities around the world and what we can see from this figure that over the last five decades we have seen increasing consumption on average globally, but again this varies by region. In Europe, there is particularly high consumption of milk but across all LDFs Southeast Asia has actually seen the greatest increase in consumption of LDFs while Africa. The topic of today's webinar has largely plateaued and even declined for some livestock derived products. Next slide please. LDFs are nutrient dense and bio available. Particularly for limiting nutrients that we see that are deficient in certain populations. So as indicated by the dispensable and the digestible indispensable amino acid score, you can see eggs and milk exceed 100% as compared to plant based foods at much lower percentages. LDFs provide essential fatty acids in the appropriate ratios for human metabolism, as well as a mix of vitamins and minerals that are essential for growth and development. But we can forget the bioactive factors that we are still in the midst of building evidence for and in discovery that are provided again only in animal source foods. Next slide. The teaching of LDFs is what is particularly important. I like to use vitamin A as an example so in LDF matrix, we have vitamin A provided as retinol, which is which is absorbed at 12 to 24 times the rate compared to plant based carotenoids or beta carotene. This is especially important for a young child that has a small gastric capacity and can't needs to have efficient absorption. Next slide please. There's epidemiological evidence that undergirds and supports differences in the life course phase for the need for LDFs. So among infants and young children systematic reviews have shown that animal source foods can increase linear growth as marked by high for a disease score and reduce stunting. In school age children we have experimental trials showing LDFs improve cognitive function as well as growth, but on the other end of the spectrum, there's also increased risk of overweight and obesity. In pregnancy and lactation systematic reviews have shown that supplementation with animal source foods can increase birth weight. In adults, again, there is some negative evidence to show processed meats may be linked to colorectal cancers cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Elderly actually there's there's not sufficient evidence especially from low resource countries, but systematic reviews have shown that animal source foods can preserve muscle mass, improve recovery after hospitalization and fat free mass. We need to build the evidence base in the elderly, elderly that's clear. Next slide. Our lab has done research to show the importance of animal source foods I have to two trials highlighted here in Ecuador that alone trial was a randomized control trial to test one a per day for six months in the complimentary feeding period and in fact we increased linear growth by 0.63 L. In the past, there was a high level of malnutrition, which was very lazy and reduced stunting by 47%. But supporting these findings was the increase in biomarkers of brain development for coline and DHA at as well high effect sizes. So, in conclusion, taking action next slide. As Michael mentioned, we have recently launched the UN nutrition paper. This is a consensus document across several UN agencies, led by UN nutrition. To talk about and build the narrative of livestock direct foods in sustainable healthy diets, its conclusions align with the key messages that I have communicated today. We need to rebalance food systems and ensure equitable LDF consumption and support sustainable mixed production systems to protect animal and planetary health. Next slide. The paper talks about taking action after synthesizing the evidence base. So once again, we need to create an enabling environment with equitable food systems. Generate the policies and programs that ensure access in critical stages of the life course. Social and behavioral change programs and food based dietary guidelines are essential. To protect planetary health, we can mitigate the environmental impacts of the LDF production through mixed farming systems, adaptation to local environments and sustainable animal products, and aspire to the one health principles with small with support to small scale productions women farmers and efficiencies and feed conversion rates and local breeds. Research is needed on an ongoing basis to build the evidence base for LDFs, again, in certain life phases. And to look at the bidirectionality of climate change and LDFs. And finally, we see growing institutional commitments to this topic, as, as example by UN nutrition ill read you towards the UN decade on nutrition. Next slide. So in some LDFs can play an important role in meeting global nutrition targets, particularly for stunting anemia and low birth weight, but for also for achieving SDGs to 12 and 13. Next slide. Thank you so much. Excellent. Thank you so much, Laura. That was really good. I think it really framed the discussions and the presentations that will have in the rapid fire session that we're just about to have. And I think what what we really see is is that, you know, it is really about healthy, equitable outcomes that we're looking for for everybody that's healthy for the planet as well as for people. And I think in the presentations that we'll hear in this rapid fire session. This will really show you what's happening in East Africa and how livestock derived foods can really play that kind of role in developing a healthy outcomes for people in the planet. So, with that, I'd like to start that off. We have four talks that we're going to be giving right now and we're going to ask the presenters to really try to boil down their work into five minutes. Which is, you know, so everyone gets a chance and then after that we'll have about a 2025 minute discussion 15 minute discussion. So I'd like to kick it off and have we have the first presentation is on increasing access to animal source foods in Tanzania and Joaquin Balacana will be presenting he is the national coordinator for the paid Tanzania program the public private ownership for artificial dissemination delivery program paid. He brings more than 20 years of experience in the Tanzanian dairy sector, particularly in program development and implementation and capacity strengthening of the value dairy value chains and in dairy genetics. So over to you Joaquin. Thank you very much. Thank you, Michael, and I would like to take you through quickly because of the short time I'll be very fast. Actually, in this presentation, I'm going to highlight that school milk is one of the options to address human nutrition, particularly among the young children, but also to increase human access to animal source foods. Next slide please. Yes. Principally Tanzania really facing with human nutrition challenges. And it's more rampant, as you can see there in the central and the western part of Tanzania, and out of 31 regions that we have in the country, almost 50% have been heavily affected by standard growth of children. On average, 14 regions have almost 100,000 children with the standard growth. Next slide please. Yeah, dairy nourish Africa is a pilot project that is permitted in East Africa, but it hasn't started in Tanzania. And actually, we are working around addressing human nutrition as one of the challenges that is being addressed by DNA. And we are working together with the processors to ensure that we address those challenges facing processes by dentists. First, under the processor, we look at the processor as a really a linchpin or a pivot for improving access to nutrition through improving driving the enterprise to full potential, increasing processing. And they also, we also work with the processor to ensure that they work closely with the farmers and the farmer allied arrangement of access to extension services, where process also support farmers to ensure that they access input and they access extension services to increase production on the upstream. At the same time, DNA were working very much with the processor to ensure that we give them high, high touch support for them to improve distribution. At the same time, we are working with the process and the government to really target the promotion activities which aims at growing consumer, dairy consumer, and particularly we target schools to promote schools. Promotion is also as part of making sure that these schoolchildren are having good nutrition and the improved starting, starting next, next slide please. Yeah, with the school mid promotion, we worked very high, we worked in collaboration with the processor to develop a high impact school mid promotion. And in this case, we have targeted three processors, but we target also to reach out about 4,000 children, many children in the schools. And before we could start the promotion campaign, high impact promotion campaign, we did a study to assess their consumption demand in the country and we made on the result of this study, we came to realize that there was a need for consumer awareness campaign, but also the study showed that there is a using the school mid conception is one way we need to change behavioral changes of the social of the society. So we have been made sure that we work on a standard way, we've been engaging with the public and private so we are working with the government, the other stakeholders really implement the school mid promotion, which is more sustainable, because previously the school mid promotion were not sustainable because of lack of funding, but we are using a different approach where the parents, the ones who are funding the school mid promotion for sustainability purpose. So in a nutshell, we are working with three processors and we identify the schools in the district to try the innovative model, which aligned very well with the government of Tanzania, to ensure that this time the promotion activities and the promotion of this is going to be more sustainable. Next slide please. Yeah, one of the way to promote school mid promotion is to ensure that the process also increase demand, and you can see on the picture there on the left side is one of the event which was conducted in one of the region and the person you see in the picture is a is a regional commissioner who is this booting mill for school people in one of the events. So we are working closely with the processors to test these options to make sure that the high level and the good way of this booting mill is being tested and this model is going to be tested with the processor and ensure that the processor are literate and they are going to iterate and they are going to repeat the approach. Under DNA, we really support processors by equipment and also we design the student nutrition education of programming campaigns and also we develop awareness campaigns to change behavior in total as I said before we engage with the 20 schools and we expect to reach around one, I mean 4000 students and the over 5000 other community members. But the one thing which is more important with this under this pilot school program will be measuring and monitoring the preference and the based on the monitoring data will be able to inform and to give a feedback processors on how to develop a good challenge. I mean a good strategy to increase milk production, milk consumption in the country. In conclusion, I would like to say school information has been proven to be one way of improving and calculating a catch of bringing milk in the future generation which also contributes to increased access to animal use and also improve to my nutrition in the future generation. Thank you very much. Excellent. Thank you so much, Joachim. And as you see Joachim there's a couple of questions in your in the chat so maybe you can just answer those in the chat. Thank you for keeping to time. So with that I'm going to move us over quickly to the next presentation, which we have, we're moving from Tanzania up to Ethiopia and we have which the next presentation will be on ensuring growth through nutrition in Ethiopia. And this is done by get net SFA, who is a senior technical services support livestock specialist with venture seven 37. He's a lead researcher on feed resources and animal nutrition at the Ethiopian Institute of Agriculture research and holds a PhD in animal nutrition and feed resource production and management. He's served as the livestock research director at AI AR and has received numerous awards, including the lead researcher award in livestock in 2017. So over to you, Dr get that. Thank you very much, Michael. I'm going to give you a quick overview of the growth through nutrition project. The growth through nutrition project is a US aid and venture seven funded multi sector project, which is implemented by consortium of different organizations, and it was hosted actually by save the children international. It is implemented in the four major regions in Ethiopia, which is up to the Oromia Amara to try and 1000 regions in a total of 100 districts. Next please. The background of the grocery nutrition project is the huge problem the country facing on food and nutrition security. As you see it values for the different indicators of malnutrition in children and women, which is actually very high. And, for example, like stunting in children is about 38% which is actually very, very big. On the other hand, if you see the production system, which is not actually a nutrition sensitive and it's mainly focuses on on production of stable crops like cereals, maize and wheat. Next please. So the main objective of the livelihood component of the grocery nutrition project is to increase access to diverse, safe quality and quality foods and has four major intervention pillars. As these are actually the first one is to promote sustainable approach to produce, including production of livestock, vegetables, fruits and of course high quality foods like pulses. And the second intervention is promote post harvest handling technology, especially for traditional products, like vegetables and some animal products. The third pillar is increasing women participation in income generating activities to empower women because if she has income then actually she improves, of course, the family nutrition. The intervention pillar is to strengthen the government extension workers, especially, and the private input suppliers is actually to ensure the project sustainability after when it's faced out. Next please. There are actually a lot of achievements in this project. But I would like only to emphasize only few of them. The first one is in the grocery nutrition project intervention approach. The use of animal source food as part of the diversified that was our approach, and through promotion of nutrition sensitive agriculture like poultry, sheep and goats, which are actually very responsive, productive and environmentally very good because these are small animals which actually, they mentioned is also very small. And of course we, we, we address also some data processing technology center like. The major of such as for this intervention was based on the pre and post harvest assets post assessment showed that there was a reduction in most vulnerable households hunger from 48% to 11%. Actually, this is a remarkably high achievement. And the second, the second project intervention approach was, we focused on improved access to nutritious foods, like animal products, vegetables, fruits, and pulses. And based on our assessment, the fact that the major of such as for this intervention was woman receiving dice increase from 2% to 16%. Of course, this achievement doesn't mean it's it's okay, but still it's very low, and then we have to have more to improve the dice of woman. The other project intervention approach was, we focus on local solutions to make you know the project very sustainable. We do actually different interventions. For example, produce and supply fertile hatch, hatching eggs for improved chicken breeds like Coco, which was actually our chicken breed, we were intervene and post harvest practices, which are simple cheaper, which can be made locally. Organizing women and poor households in saving groups, and of course encourage households to build assets. Based on this intervention, we found that children who consume diverse foods, which are probably four out of seven food groups, increased from 12% in the bed year to 34% in 2020. So generally, the project was very successful, which most vulnerable households, model farmers, and other like input suppliers have improved their livelihood and benefited to find that the impact of left operator interventions improving nutrition and income generation was very significant. Organizing vulnerable households and model farmers also understand the importance of technologies and skills. One for model farmers say chicken production is a science to be successful will teach the farmers before selling eggs and follow up after. This is briefly what I have. Thank you very much, Michael back. You're right on time really really good. That's excellent. Again, please ask get net any questions in the chat and he'll be answering them there. We didn't see get nets or your kings face but so in the next presentations please remember Emma, Emily and and today say to turn on your camera as well. And then again, move to the next presentation which it looks back at the video that we saw and some of the some of the things that were going on in that video. It's titled impact of animal source food, social behavior change communication among the Grinka beneficiaries in Rwanda, and this will be presented by Emily Uma, who is an agriculture economist based in Uganda and working at the at Ilri, who works across multi disciplinary team of scientists to design interventions to improve livelihoods assets of small holders, particularly in the pig value chain in Uganda. She's leading a USA ID funded feed the future innovation lab for livestock systems in Rwanda, which focuses on enhancing the quality and consumption of milk through behavior change on nutrition She has a lot of great experience working with crop livestock farmers in Rwanda, Burundi and Eastern DRC so with that I'd like to hand it over to Emily. Thank you. Thank you very much, Michael. So I'm going to share lessons from a livestock systems innovation lab project in Rwanda that focuses on Grinka program, which is a livestock asset transfer program, as well as a social behavior change communication intervention around animal source foods consumption. Grinka program is it was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture in Rwanda in 2006, and it focuses on the poor households with targets poor households, receiving a cow. So at the beginning the focus was more on cows but lately it has transitioned into other livestock species. So the behavior change intervention element has been called by stakeholders Gabura Amata Mubiye, which in English means parents give milk. Next slide please. So we used a cluster randomized controlled trial design in two districts in Rwanda, Ruhango and Nyabihu districts. The lowest level, the lowest administrative units were randomized into two groups. So one group was a treatment group that received the social behavior change communication intervention. And the other group was a control group that did not receive the intervention. Three treatment, sorry, three study groups. So the first one was a group that had Grinka beneficiaries. So these are the households that benefited from a Grinka cow and also received the social behavior change communication intervention. Then in the control group we had two study arms. We had a Grinka only study arm. So these are households with cows but they didn't receive the behavior change intervention. And then we had another control group that was eligible to receive a cow. We call them the Grinka eligible. They were already in the list so that you know when cow is available then they would receive. So those were the two control groups. Next. So for the two control groups, the Grinka only and Grinka eligible, we are able to assess the effects of having a cow or effect of Grinka program on milk consumption and nutritional status of young children. Next. And then the two other Grinka groups, the ones who received the social behavior change intervention and the ones who didn't enables us to assess the effects of the social behavior change intervention on milk consumption, dietary diversity and nutritional status of young children. And for all the three study arms, the legibility criteria was for the households to have a child of age 12 to 27 months of age. Next please. The SBCC messages were around six themes. So the first one was around the importance and benefits of cow milk and animal source food consumption in general are targeting pregnant and lactating women as well as young children. So the second one was around the appropriate quantities of consumption of animal source foods and cow milk but still targeting the pregnant and lactating women and young children. Then the third one was around the appropriate time to introduce animal source foods and cow milk in the diet, particularly of young children. The fourth one was around identifying symptoms of milk allergy and intolerance and the actions to take. The fifth one was around hygiene, safe handling and storage of fresh milk. And the last one was around the importance of involving men in maternal and child nutrition. Next slide please. Just go again so that you highlight the key results. Great. So we used a propensity score matching technique to assess the impacts of Guarinka program. So basically comparing households that benefited from Guarinka and those that were eligible. So these ones where we use the baseline survey data to do this. So that's before the social behavior change intervention. So the results showed that there's a higher proportion of children from Guarinka households who consumed milk in the last one week compared to the non-Guarinka beneficiaries. Then go down again. The second one was now around, sorry. The other key result was that the Guarinka households had less food insecurity just by looking at the food insecurity scores there of minus 1.3. And then the third key result was that the children in Guarinka households had better wait for age and height for age this course compared to the non-Guarinka households. So simply showing that having a cow resulted in better child nutrition of status. Though this was not optimal, still those figures were pretty low even for the Guarinka beneficiaries. So in a nutshell, Guarinka program had a positive effect on child milk consumption, child nutrition of status, as well as household food security. Next slide please. Now for the social behavior change intervention, the results showed improved maternal knowledge of animal source foods. So many mothers got to know the importance of animal source foods and which ones are actually classified as animal source foods. In addition, there was increased frequency of weekly milk consumption among children in the group that received the social behavior change communication at end line. Now a key result to note is that we didn't observe any differences in dietary diversity or wait for age or height for age discourse between the group that received the SBCC intervention and those that did not receive SBCC intervention. And part of the reason for that was because generally there was very low milk production and some of the households also ended up selling a good amount of milk that was produced at home. So the key lesson from the SBCC intervention is the importance of a multiple throng approach if you want to achieve nutrition outcomes. So having the nutrition messages alone, it's not enough but it should be coupled with other interventions around improving a lifestyle productivity and in some cases also improving women empowerment, particularly in areas around decision making for animal source food consumption at home. Thank you very much. Excellent. Thank you so much. That was great. And again, I think it shows that as a communicator that it's not just about it is that just about getting out kind of the message but how you go about doing that and how you empower people and bring together different interventions to really to really change behaviors and attitudes. Excellent. We'll move to the next presentation and our final presentation is the effect of livestock ownership health and nutrition status low and middle. We have a doctor today say zero zero for joining us he is a public health and nutrition specialist with extensive experience in Ethiopia Kenya and the UK. He is the Marie, and I'm going to pronounce this well Skadoska curie actions postdoctoral research fellow at the global Academy for agriculture and food security at the University of Edinburgh. He also completed two other postdoctoral fellowships at Tufts University and the African population and health research center based in Nairobi, Kenya. He serves as a senior advisor to the Federal Ministry of Health in Ethiopia, among others. So I'd like to hand it over to you. Dr today say to present your. Thank you Michael and the audience for having this opportunity. So I'm going to present a working progress, of course, but it is a new completion. It is a systematic review of the effect of livestock ownership on health and nutritional status of women and children, particularly in low and middle income settings. Next slide please. So, as you have seen, livestock ownership or livestock, tribe food are rich in many nutrients and the benefits have been well discussed by Laura and my colleagues before. But there are also studies showing a contradicting impact of livestock, especially negative impact on health of children and women as well as nutrition status. And movies through contamination and exposure to microbes. Nevertheless, there is no, there was no evidence or synthesized evidence in the dating. The real effect of this or the association between livestock ownership and livestock outcome, nutritionally and health outcomes. So a team of global researchers from Kenya, from Africa, from UK and the US conducted a systematic review. Searched about 24 scientific database available worldwide using keywords. Two viewers screened all the titans and abstracts of the papers identified through this search and two also reviewed the full text. And finally, one data extract the data and checked by another. Next slide please. So when we see the total number of papers identified, we identified initially about 51,000 references. And finally, after excluding because of various reasons, we ended up with about 178 papers which are finally synthesized and coming with a result. Next slide please. So when you see the results, unlike the benefits, there have been also several adverse health effects of livestock ownership. As I've said in the background through contamination and some of the reported adverse health outcomes or disease which are transmitted from livestock to humans include acute gastrointestinal illnesses, brucellosis, asthma and several others which have been mentioned here. And also there are others which are left for the interest of time. Showing that unless careful attention is given or the ownership of livestock should not be granted for its benefit only. It has shown that there are some adverse health effects or disease which are transmitted from livestock to humans, particularly affecting those vulnerable population groups, children and women. Next slide please. On the other hand, as many have also reported, the nutritional outcomes are very much promising, showing that ownership of livestock in many of those studies which we have analyzed, improving or have a positive association with child statistics. That means having or owning a livestock, reducing, stunting and wasting, as well as the anthropometric indices of the indicators of acute and chronic nutritional status. Some studies have also shown that ownership can even aggravate wasting and sometimes stunting, where of course the evidence is limited. But most of the studies showing that ownership of livestock is positively or can enhance nutritional status of both women and children, nevertheless its effect on health should be considered carefully. So this is just briefly the result of the work in progress. I thank you for attending. Excellent. Thank you very much, Dr. Tedessa. And again, we can go a little bit more in-depth during the discussion session. We're a little bit late, but I'd like to propose that we go over a little bit, about 10 minutes. I'd like to invite Dai Harvey, who is the lead technical specialist for Venture 37, technical director for Venture 37. And I'd like to ask him and everybody, all the other panelists to turn on their camera and we will spotlight them. We're going to have a quick discussion. If you have questions, put them into the chat and we'll raise them to Dai Harvey and he'll ask the panelists. So if everyone can turn on their camera from the panelists side, we'll spotlight you and hand it over to you, Dai. Thank you very much. We already have a few questions in the chat. So thank you for that and please put a few more in here. The very first question that we have, please, is for Laura, if she'd be able to answer this one is, are there studies in developing countries that demonstrate LDF is cheaper and easily accessible than plant-based dyes, especially those who argue, especially to argue with the vegetarian aficionados. Would you maybe like to have a crack at that one? And if there's anyone else to support? Sure. I think that there has been evidence showing that LDF's animal source foods are what we might consider luxury foods and they are out of the reach of many populations, unfortunately. However, I think within the category of animal source foods, there are certain products that are more accessible and affordable, such as eggs and milk. And that's one of the reasons why our research has focused on those particular products from animal source foods. I think it's a very good question about vegetarianism. And I encourage the attendees to this webinar to look at the literature. They are increasingly showing that veganism especially can have harmful effects on health, especially in children, pregnant women and lactating women. So that vegetarianism is different. You still have eggs and milk and other animal products in your diet, pescatarianism, for example, with fish. But there can be harmful effects if there are no animal source foods at all in the diet. We won't get any vitamin B12 in that respect. Over. Thank you very much for that. That's excellent. The next question I think would be directed for Balakana, which is saying that DNA is an ambitious program addressing malnutrition in Africa and would appeal. And we would appeal if there are opportunities for other East African countries such as Ethiopia to join the program. Could you answer what is the ambition for DNA and then we'll quickly move on. Okay, thank you. Actually, there is an ambition. It's true, but we are working to make sure that at least this ambition is really addressed from the beginning, where we implement this promotion campaign or putting sustainability in the forefront, where we look on those options where the parents will be the ones who will be educated and who will be trying to ensure that they feed their children for sustainability purposes. So I think it's something which once we implement and we have all the data on the ground, we're able to share with the other countries in East Africa to really maybe adopt some of the good things that we will be achieving in this program. Over to you. Great. Thank you very much. I'm very helpful. Very helpful. One here I think very much for maybe Emily if you could have a think about this one so most for rural people eat chicken and eggs because they're relatively plentiful and cheap they less of mutton goats and beef because these are more expensive seems that the decisive factor is availability and affordability. Nutrition nutritionists add health and nutrition parameters to the formula. It'd be interesting to see some research on consumption behavior of the poor. When nutritional aspects are considered. Would you like to make a comment on that. I think I agree because for some of the species like poultry, it's easier for poor people to access eggs and allocate eggs for household consumption, compared to, to other larger species like even pigs or ship, because those ones are possibly targeted for the market is rare that they would slaughter, specifically for home consumption. Then on the other hand for those who purchase. Yeah, in some cases, it's a bit way off for poor consumers. It's a bit more expensive. So it means we need we need interventions that could actually try to ensure, you know, even the poor people can access them, you know, so make them more affordable for the poor. Excellent. Thank you for that. I'm getting at a quick question for you knowing your wonderful experience in feed. Do you think small holder farmers can improve dairy breeds without without a problem as livestock feed is becoming a serious issue. I think this is an issue all over eastern eastern Africa. And this. So is it is it possible to improve the productivity of our of our livestock and the genetic potential of livestock without improving the feed. Thank you. Actually, improving the local produce might not be as simple as, you know, as we might think because it's not only the breed, that's very important. There are a lot of things that should go parallel like for example, improvement in feed availability, you know, especially quality feed availability, so that we can get the expected outputs from the improved breed. It might take time. For example, if you take under the condition, you know, previously it was very difficult to have a crossbreed breed animals. And nowadays, because farmers understands advantages and benefits, and the stressing conditions of, you know, schedule for land, fish or page and so on. And you know, understanding the market oriented dairy farming. Now farmers are understand that improving the cattle breed they have improved the feed availability and efficiently utilize what they have might be, you know, the approach and of course, the trend is changing. But I feel, you know, it might take time. It's not as easy as we might think because cattle especially has a diverse uses in it. It is used for traction and so on. So it might be very slow, but time is coming, you know, the need for improving the local animals. Excellent. Thank you very much. That's very, very helpful. I'm going to, in the sense of time, I'm just going to do one more. One more question and that this is for Laura, which I think will be nicely just to wrap up, which is Laura, could you say more about limiting nutrients and our animal source foods are differentiated with that regard. If you could mention just speak a little bit to that for the for the whole group. Thank you for that question. When I say limiting nutrients I mean nutrients that are deficient, or where there are gaps in the diet. And that means that they're limiting in that children can't grow to their full potential or develop their brain to the full potential, because that nutrient is absent in their diet. Animal source foods provide some of those nutrients that we often see deficient in populations like vitamin a B 12 iron and zinc, and they're highly bio available I saw another question about isometabolic differences. That's what I was trying to communicate is that in an animal source food matrix, the compound of those nutrients is more easily absorbed. And that's why they're very important to have as part of the diet, of course in moderation and in variety we want to keep emphasizing the importance of diet diversity. But the presence of animal source foods is is essential in certain parts of the life course. Thank you. Excellent thank you very much and thank you very much for all of the other questions and we will address these we will not be able to address them now as we're out of time but we'll address these and get these back to you as a wider group. This has been a fantastic discussion and thank you very much I would like to take my great thanks to the panelists who I think have done a magnificent job and they've given us wonderful, wonderful insights into the different aspects of work. Not only from the research side but also the implementation how does this happen and how do we get this to work on the ground as this rolls out. And I think, as always, the single biggest challenges, behavioral change and really getting that understanding of how can we change our behavior. And I think also the take home message for me certainly is the, there are certain areas in the world that are in challenges and we're going to will will speak a little bit about about that in a minute. I'm going to now hand over back to to Michael for wrapping up so thank you very much to the panelists and thank you very much to the participants for all of your questions very very good. Excellent. You know, thank you, Diane. Thank you all the panelists for the great presentation and some really good discussion here. I'd just like to hand it over to Isabel Bolton like who is the program leader for policy institutions and livelihoods at Ilri. And she'll be giving us a quick summary and some of the key highlights from her own perspective so over to you Isabel. Thanks everybody thanks Michael thanks everybody for that. Thank you for the insightful webinar. Every time I listen to Laura and learn something new when I listen to us when all of the questions today so thanks thanks everybody for, for, for this. I would like to summarize today's webinar with three LLs. You know how how important livestock is it for livelihoods and you know Laura and all the production has shown really about this important not only for, for protein or the nutrient meat where it was mentioned several times. I hope that's your, your take home message. How important a life story rightful foods are really important for nutrition and health. And even though you know we still look at the evidence I think says there's lots of positive effects of that. The next LL I wanted I wanted to mention is about leveraging, leveraging livestock productivity interventions productivity enhancing technologies, not only to look at stopping as an animal but really about how do we complement those, those project with communities with nutrition sensitive interventions like the SBCC work which has been mentioned several times as well today. So but we don't only stop at let's say increasing meal production or increasing income but really moving beyond that and looking at how livestock can support nutrition in the next one L. And my, and my last L is really about learning. I think we really have to be better in terms in for both researcher and development partners policy makers on how we collaborate. And, and he's learning is really about how much, how more can we learn better in terms of embedding research in development activities so my research in development work, so that we can get better data on as well what what species with interventions work better. How, how life so can can support human nutrition and health. So that's what's been for me quite an insightful discussion and for the sake of time as well let me stop here. Thanks everybody for for the great work. And I hope you all learn today something today. Thanks. Excellent. Thank you so much. I really like those three L's as well that's great. I have a question from Peter which really helps us to end this yes there will be additional webinars this was the first one in this livestock and livelihoods webinar series. The next one we're planning to have on one health and I think we'll have it after after kind of vacation break that many people will be taking in July and August, and probably sometime in September so you know, watch this station as they say and again I'd like to think, particularly all the speakers and panelists who put this together, as well as the team behind everything and we had a lot of people who really supported this, particularly, Madeline Baltus, and he and a side from from the venture 37, and we had Susan McMillan and Murray, particularly an Annabelle Slater and Murray Ferrari from Ilri, who really supported putting this together so we'll be learning some lessons will have a survey that will send out to participants to get some ways that we can improve this webinar series and hope to see you at the next one as well. And there should be a recording and a blog of this that will come out in the coming weeks. Thank you very much.