 What we've come to realize is that water is as important and becoming a scarce resource for increasing food production as land. Now this is not true everywhere, but it does mean that as we need to increase food production to meet increased population and improving diets, particularly in developing countries, we need to do that while not really increasing our use of water. So we need to find ways of dramatically improving the productivity of water, getting more per drop in the years ahead. In trying to improve productivity of water use, we should distinguish between rain-fed agriculture and irrigated agriculture. About 80% of the world's cultivated area is actually rain-fed. This means that it's subject to erratic rainfall, sometimes you can have too much rain at the wrong time, sometimes you can have droughts. So the key issue in improving water productivity in these soils is to try to find ways of conserving soil moisture, encouraging farmers through management practices like agroforestry, like conservation agriculture, like agro-ecological approaches, through water harvesting methods to store water during the rainy season so it can be used in the dry season. And of course also thinking of ways of breeding more drought tolerant plants so that yields don't collapse when you do have a very dry season. So these are key issues for improving water productivity in rain-fed areas. In irrigated areas the problems are slightly different because here we often find overuse of available water. It means that through the use of tube wells and other instruments which are basically drawing the water from the groundwater supply, so we're not replenishing that groundwater. So we're actually overusing water. We need to again to find ways of encouraging farmers to make better use of the water that they have. And often this will mean introducing, for example, water pricing. It may mean encouraging farmers to change their management practices through more efficient irrigation systems and of course through simply giving farmers a better understanding of the options that they have in terms of the crops that they grow. I think the first step is to create a value around water. So long as water is perceived as a costless commodity, people of course will use it, will waste it. So we must give it a value. And politically this can be very difficult where farmers are used in the past to getting a free supply or subsidized supply of water. And suddenly to be told that now we need to actually start to charge you because the water is getting scarce and there are other competing uses. But water charging on its own is unlikely to solve the problem. In many cases, such as the management of river basins, the management of water in lakes, we need to create new institutions where the various users can come together and agree on what is the sustainable level of exploitation. And that can be a very conflict-driven situation and does require some collective responsibilities and some collective control, if you like, from the government side.