 We are about to talk about something really in my mind. We are getting to something that you all might know a little bit about We've talked a little bit about AI and industry, which has been my world right working at Microsoft and Amazon all those places We talked about AI in Justice which justice also fails across a bunch of different areas But specifically with Renee and her experience in criminology and her experience working with data scientists trying to solve some of these problems And so now it's finally time to talk a little bit about how this touches you maybe Directly in education. So I am going to bring up Charlotte She's going to talk to you about AI education and give you a little bit about her maybe history a little Introduction tiny bit about how you got here. So let's give her a big round of applause Hey guys My name is Charlotte Duncan. I'm the chief operating officer of a nonprofit called the AI education project And what we do is educate high schoolers primarily about the impacts of AI education All of you will be affected and are affected by the changes in technology that have happened in your lifetime and today I'm specifically going to talk about corporations and government and how they already have your most private data, which is your DNA I Was also I'll give you a little bit of background. I Was a computer programmer for 10 years I have initially a degree in English and history so as a liberal arts major who worked in tech and I also have a degree in learning and teaching and I worked briefly for scratch education So if you've ever played with scratch any scratch people scratchers former scratchers a little bit all right, so I worked on the teacher side of things like how can we use scratching classrooms and Yeah, that's me. I've been a teacher. I worked at NCSSM for a couple of years and got to teach AI here So that's where we're coming from. So today we're going to start with a visit to the doctor. I have a son He's 13 years old. He Broke his arm playing soccer and we went to the doctor to determine if he was going to get his cast off And when we went into the doctor's office That was on the wall and that is an AI device that can record audio and video anybody Really excited to see audio and video in your exam room There's a little sign on the wall that that gives you more information, but it just gives you a Place to read about the research they were doing There's not a way to opt out and that QR code. It actually Shows your patient information number. So I can't scan that and get more information I just get a number. Am I cutting in and out a little bit? Am I okay? All right So this was on the wall and the effect it immediately had was for my son to stop talking So we were deciding what kind of cast he should get and whether or not he'd be able to play in the soccer championships And he stopped communicating with me because it was being recorded Now the benefit of this technology is that the notes that the doctor would normally have to take and transcribe Is time that that doctor can use to see more patients and to be sure that the conversation that happens in the room is Recorded accurately so the doctor isn't making up what was said It's actually recorded and transcribed automatically using artificial intelligence And so the idea is that could we increase the number of patients or the quality of visit by having this This routine task that doctors do have they have to do it over and over and over again to write down What was said and so maybe this device could take some of that out of the loop For me though it was it was a little bit eye-opening and where AI is showing up I didn't expect it to be in the exam room So I'm gonna I'm gonna bounce around a little bit. I want to talk about the difference between DNA and biometrics Biometrics are the external things on your body like your fingerprints the way your face is shaped And there's a cool professor at UNC Wilmington UNCW and this is Dr. Carl Rickeneck And he has done facial recognition for something like 30 years So I wanted to show you what he's doing because he created a program called face my age And he can take someone's photo tell them how old they are But he can also tell you whether or not you have diabetes Whether or not you've ever been a smoker whether or not you do drugs or drink He can tell you about what age you might die And so his research I'm gonna show you a video. I think we're gonna try it. We're gonna see it This works This is a sample of how Well first we're gonna watch an ad from Google. Thanks Google Yeah, it takes 13 seconds, but Carl Rickeneck Dr. Carl Rickeneck has worked on this for almost 30 years And he uses facial recognition and these aging systems in really cool and positive ways For example the US Center for missing and exploited children if someone disappears at age two or three He can age their face much more accurately than he used to to be able to tell what they would look like at 15 or 25 or 35 to identify a missing child as they age So this is just a video of how he does that and by using AI they can transform a face Forward and backwards. So here is an example of a person who's getting their face scanned And you can see Here they are Yeah, how can you turn the face forward or backward? Let's watch Anybody have Google photos here? Google photos Yeah, so you can set up Google photos to recognize who you are and if you're seven years old or two years old Or 14 years old it still knows it's you. So this is the same technology that is happening over with Dr. Rick and I so if you if you're interested in facial recognition UNCW So there's biometrics happening all over the world again. These are the external things that people can see They are not your DNA Biometric data is being used all around the world with AI systems If you've ever been to Disney or Universal Studios, they take your fingerprint as of 2016 They take the fingerprints of children under age 10 prior to 2016 They didn't take your fingerprints But now if you're a four-year-old going to see Mickey for the first time you have already given a corporation one of the most powerful corporations in the world your biometric data This this up here the picture up here on the Whatever direction that is the faces and the numbers that is in China. That's your social credit score They use your face to do things like pay for items But also China uses Your facial recognition and body profile to tell if you jaywalk and if you jaywalk Then your score may go down because you're breaking the law the social credit score of a popular TV personality was they were pasted on the side of a bus and their score went down and down and down because the Bus kept driving around the block and every time they were sighted with these their faces on the bus as jaywalking And sometimes these systems are hard to fight because there's no Criminal system that you've entered into your simply Your data is being used and you don't have a lot of recourse. So that's one does China's using social credit Social credit impacts things like can you get an apartment? Can you ride on the train? You can make your social credit go up in in important ways like Did you donate to charity your government is paying attention to that kind of thing? Are you being a good citizen and mostly that score is tracked by your by your face? And then down here at the bottom. This is India. This is the airport In India you can see sort of the words behind and India has the largest facial recognition database in the world where they are Using facial recognition to you know, you can't travel without this without being in the system But more importantly in India, there's a caste system and some people have more or less rights And so an equity issue can be now managed by the state whether or not you have access to certain places Based on facial recognition. So your data externally your fingerprints your face are in the systems to allow us to access places And we don't necessarily have control over our data in those systems Okay So now we also have our data that's in our DNA and also our physical characteristics. This is a picture of being able to predict People's race from their x-ray images. So if you go and you have that broken arm, maybe we can tell if you're Asian It's it's a Reversal because obviously we want we know that there's bias in medical systems and how you look can affect What kind of care you get? It's also important to know your race and to consider some External factors that may affect your health. So I'm married to a man who's Chinese and People who are of Chinese descent often have trouble with lactose intolerance it means that after a certain age you can't process foods that are made from animal milk and Just by knowing his race, then we know that he's much more susceptible about 98% of Asian people Eventually struggle with lactose intolerance. So by knowing his race, we're able to have better health care But that the other thing can be true We know that outcomes for black women who have babies are typically twice as risky as a white woman of the same age And so we want to make sure that the the health care that we give is not biased against people because of their race And so the issues in You know race that we can identify from our medical scans needs to be protected in some way The idea of these technologies is not that they're good or bad But that they can be used for good or bad and that we need to create control systems and processes and procedures and laws to keep them working for us for our benefit and not simply for convenience or profit for a corporation this picture on the left here is of breast tissue You can see the beginnings of a cancer. It's very very small So a radiologist may have difficulty in identifying that sample Especially if they've looked at 150 other samples the same day And so sometimes the best thing we can do with AI is to have a human plus AI If the AI can recognize a few cases where it might be worth a closer look by a human But it can screen out those things that are definitely not cancer or definitely cancer and and leave those questionable cases to a human then we get better outcomes than if we have human alone or AI alone And AI is transforming biology and medicine This headline says it will change everything DeepMinds AI has made a gigantic leap in solving protein structures Good friend of mine. She is a Neuroscientist she has her PhD and her whole PhD thesis was based on mapping three proteins Figuring out how three proteins could fold and she has a doctorate from them and she's really important in It was a really important data in figuring out how brain chemistry works so that we can solve diseases like Parkinson's Huntington's disease, etc. And so when we use AI Recently we figured out how to model the protein folding of all known proteins in the world So it used to take a person Dedicating 20 years of their career to use that information and now we have a program That can do all of that initial work Right now and how transformative that is for us to have better medicines and therapies for people who have genetic conditions So if you are thinking about going into medicine or research or you you want to solve some problems with with health care A lot of the work is started for you. There's a lot more clinical work to be done AI is also transforming what we can do to address single mutation diseases So sickle cell anemia is a very painful condition where your red blood cells fold like a sickle instead of being round They essentially become pokey it hurts and it can cause a lot of internal damage inside your body another Chromic issue is cystic fibrosis when I was a kid The the life expectancy for a person with cystic fibrosis was 18 years old and Now it's more than doubled the therapies have gotten better and better and better and With AI by using technology to solve some of these problems right now with sickle cell anemia We have AI helping to manage pain they're managing the chronic pain that happens with sickle cell and in the cystic fibrosis you can see they have a Whole conference related to AI and medicine that is is talking about precision medicine That means medicine for you for your body specifically. It's tailored to your genetics and your DNA All right, Slido time if you are You know had the post lunch jitters and you have lost a little bit of You've fallen asleep here. We're gonna do a little hopefully a little Slido If you guys want to go to Slido, I tried to Bring it up on the screen. It's ELC 2022. That's all right. We'll just bring it back up here. It's no problem Okay, so Slido You're gonna go to Slido wherever you did before ELC 2022 and I want to ask you a question The Slido question is have you ever? Give a note are done with those DNA tests like Yes, have you taken a DNA test from a popular company such as ancestry comm 23 and me my heritage It doesn't have to only be one of those If you've done it yourself say yes, if a parent has done it choose the second option If a sibling or grandparent has done it choose the third if you have more than one person You know that has done it choose the one that's closest to you So you then a parent then a sibling or grandparent then a family friend if you would But you haven't let me know if you're just not interested fine and If it's too scary no way choose that one, too We have 64 responses. Nice job guys. Yes. Wow 71. That's awesome So when you go to one of these sites 23 and me ancestry.com My heritage you may learn, huh? I have a sibling. I didn't know about oh You mean I'm actually at risk for cancer didn't know that. Oh my goodness. I'm related to the king of England You might learn any or all of these things just by having participated in this and It need not only be you. Let's see if I can see the results of this. I think I can Let's try it. It's this one. How do I see the results? Can you guys see it? Oh? I see it 9%. Yes 11% Not me, but a parent. I would but I could but I haven't only 5% Scary no way. So let's see about 80% of you Hopefully some of you online are doing this too, but about 80% of you are have either done it or would About 20% Not for you cool Okay, let's go back to our show. I'm going to talk about the risks of sharing this data because Because I think you should know so that you can make an informed decision You can totally share your information millions of people have made that decision. That's okay But I don't think people talk as much about the risks. The first is Hacking Israel it does happen on these sites The most recent I have the number. Let me look it up. I want to make sure I get the right number It is 92 million accounts on my heritage were hacked They are not Certain that the DNA data was stolen but people who have gotten their DNA screened. They definitely knew who these people are So hacking is something that you have to think about who could get your data and how is it protected? Did you choose a company that actually cares about your data protection and privacy? The second is if you're one of the people who have opted into doing this testing or someone in your family has The company's profit for that from the data that you share with them Because over 80% of participants of people who choose to share their DNA Choose that they it can be used for research and that research is profitable for companies like Pfizer So when you share your data and you choose to let it be used for research The company's profit they're able to use your data for that The third is there's a very few privacy laws that protect your genetic information one being Gina the genetic information act But but it's not caught up to modern technology So there aren't privacy laws that are really robust and thoughtful about your data. So when you give it away It's not necessarily secure The fourth is that law enforcement can access your data from these websites and The ethics around that is still somewhat murky Because we have had really important cases solved with genetic data coming from these websites But the laws about subpoenas in particular are very vague about what can be requested and required I will give a shout out to 23 and me who they publish a transparency report. They share how many people have Had their data shared through a subpoena Every year and they they do that per region. So they say around the world where they're giving up their data And then It's really important to say to you that your data is protected by a privacy policy You have to click you do it all the time, right? You all click on privacy policies when you sign into a website Scroll scroll scroll click click, right? But this is your genetic data And they have an agreement with you and that agreement can be updated at any time Because these are companies They can change their privacy policies. They can literally just let you know We've decided to share your data now We've sent you an update in an email If you would like to agree to this privacy policy do nothing Okay, so these aren't things I'm not telling you not to go to these websites But if you have a complicated family history If people may come out of the woodwork if your family opts into these things that might be a really good reason to opt out To not choose to participate if you're concerned about your privacy and the lack of laws Just wait you don't have to do it now Okay But unfortunately your data has already been collected So even if you didn't opt into a system like this This is the picture of a newborn baby's foot and in the United States in all 50 states Babies are this little card right here is a special type of paper that absorbs blood and Newborns are screened for genetic diseases that will be fatal without being caught So those are genetic hormone or metabolic screening. That's what this is for. They also do a hearing test But the data is collected and your blood is taken as a baby For a really good reason because up to 10,000 babies a year might die from these really rare Disorders where if you just simply get some help at the start those babies can be saved and They can grow up to be normal healthy adults So that the test itself is really important, but what happens to the data is dependent on what state you live in or To be more specific what state you were born in Because you were a baby so in North Carolina This data is kept and collected for up to five years The state isn't allowed to keep it after five years in some states This data is collected and saved for one month And in some states it's saved indefinitely In fact, there are records dating back 40 or more years where these cards have been cataloged and Your DNA or the DNA of people that you know and care about have been saved and They're using it so Sometimes we can track down the bad guys with data. This is a case from 2016. This was not a newborn This was a woman who Was sexually assaulted. She had a rape kit on file because she was assaulted and the police used her genetic information To charge her with a theft A retail theft they used her genetic information that had been stored in a police database In order to charge her with a different crime now Thankfully there was a judge who said there's no precedent for this and throughout the case But I know we did a little bit about law earlier I hope this is a neat intersection for genetics It's concerning though because the laws don't exist to protect your data if it goes into one system And can be moved to another system. So that's a great place for us to have some innovation Even if you haven't shared any information this this is a very bad dude. He was one of the scariest people ever he He murdered people. He was really bad guy He stopped When DNA Sequence and testing came to California So he was a police officer and knew that he was going to get caught and so he stopped so GED match was the database that identified him and They weren't approached the company was not approached But they did use his information and they caught him the important thing here is that it wasn't his DNA It was a family member who had done a test and they tracked it back to him So it says criminals out there know they can be tracked down this way They're gonna have to try to not leave their DNA at the crime scene. It's nearly impossible So previously the only way we got genetic information from someone who is a criminal is by having them already in the system And the good guys were protected in this case It he didn't work for him. So now he's behind bars Okay, so what can I do? This is a DVD of Gadica by the way if you haven't seen it. It's out before you were born It's a great movie to watch with your parents or you know on your own and your board Gadica is the idea of what happens when we take genetic information too far What can you do first of all? Value your privacy speak up or opt out when something seems off The second thing you can do is to vote and to ask your representatives to create protections for genetic privacy I know not all of you are 18, but it is around the corner my friends And so you will have agency to ask your representatives to think about genetic privacy law There's a lot of emphasis right now in tech policy And you can get this these protections in place for yourself so that when you go to the doctor your data stays yours The third thing you can do is choose thoughtfully where you work So as you think about your workplace and where you decide to go as an adult you can do the same kinds of work with companies who value privacy and autonomy and Tech for good or you can choose a company that doesn't value those things and when you choose thoughtfully where you work You put your good resources into the world the fourth thing you can do is spend your money with companies that share your values So if you know that Someone of some company Doesn't value their employees if they don't value they don't pay people fairly then Shop elsewhere and then the last thing you can do is choose a college major Or career where you can make a difference And I mean this because if you're a journalist breaking these stories that we just read about you can make a difference in the tech world You can also if you're going to be in artificial intelligence computer science data security some other STEM field You can take an ethics class Do that while you're in school whatever school you're going into if you're in tech Take an ethics class so that when you build things they actually benefit humanity and And finally Keep in touch with me. I love high school students I'd love to talk with you hear about your questions about what I've talked about today I'd love for you to share information with me. I always learn from students when they write to me So I'd love to hear what questions you have but also what websites you're reading or what information you've downloaded And then finally I do have some internships for students who are interested in AI and That's all