 is the orientation for the Indian history modern India that is history part one okay the syllabus for this test part one of modern India arrival of Europeans early English wars the early structure of British Empire the constitutional developments from 1773 to 1858 the governor generals their loads their administration and reforms administration during company rule in various categories like civil service judiciary police education famine press regulation and tribal and present uprising till 1857 next one role of 1857 that is a revolt of 1857 the last one social religious reform movement okay that's the complete syllabus social religious reform is a complete syllabus so this is what referred for the syllabus of the modern India part one okay that is our syllabus okay see I have taken 25 years of question paper as a criteria 25 years last 25 years of question paper in each and every topic we see how how to what are the areas to be focused and what are the questions questions I can't because we have lot of questions there I will tell you where the questions were asked in which area they have asked in the questions in each and every area okay so my criteria for this part of test one is 25 years of question paper last 25 years of question paper from modern India that is what okay clear okay the first one is the arrival of Europeans the arrival of the Europeans arrival of the Europeans this is the first one and here we needed to understand here who came first who came last that is a very basic one that is a very very basic one so we needed to arrange the first arrival and the last arrival the first and the last arrival in the chronological order in the chronological order in the chronological order because in the last year they have asked a question based on chronological order in 2020 problems question paper for the past three or four years there was not much questions on chronological order arrangement but if you refer the last year question paper that is a very recent 2020 question paper of here problems question paper you can find it there was a question based on the chronological order arrangement so there is a very possibility of asking questions here on the chronological order arrangement here very popular area of asking the chronological order here is in the arrival of the Europeans that is a very basic one okay so that is here see that is the first to focus in the arrival of the Europeans next one based on this arrival of the Europeans the first one is the Portuguese the first one is the Portuguese here in this Portuguese we needed to focus on the first one we have to focus on the settlement of the Portuguese the settlements the settlements of the Portuguese first one and the governance of Portuguese governance that is personalities personalities who were the governance what was the role played by them and not only the governance the reform or the policy reforms or the policies introduced by those governance for example very popular question they would ask you regarding this one is the blue water blue water policy that is a very popular one it is a very popular UPSC question for the last 25 years in this area of blue water policy either directly or indirectly they were asked in so many times directly and indirectly blue water policy have come across in so many times that is the governance under policy regarding the reforms under policy for example here in this reform you come across that the religious religious policy of the Portuguese you come across that that is directly and indirectly so that is about that we need you to understand the role of the governance Portuguese governance here in India the reforms under policy stand we have to refer it okay that is one thing and the next one is the next one is the relationship between the Portuguese relation relationship here we needed to understand the relationship between Indian and the foreigners Indian rulers and foreigners here foreigners means Europeans I am referring the European this stand we have to refer it we have to understand it here Indian rulers what was the relationship of the Portuguese here in the Indian rulers we have to find the relationship between the Marathas Marathas Zamorin Zamorin Bahamini Sultan Bahamini later Deccan later Deccan and and Vijayanagar Vijayanagar so we need to understand here see the relationship between the Indian rulers and the foreigners we need to refer here we have to consider why we are studying about the Portuguese what was the role of the Portuguese relationship with the Marathas what was the relationship with the case of the Zamorin that is the Zamorin of the Calicut and the relationship with the Bahaminis after Bahamini was broke down into many states the five states what was the relationship with the Deccan Sultans and later the Portuguese relationship with the Vijayanagar Portuguese relationship with the Vijayanagar and later the Portuguese relationship with the Mughals but any have this comes under the Mughals but any have this comes under the medieval India but any have you concentrate here itself, you concentrate here itself then it is okay okay here it is okay see very popular question that was asked in 2000 it was in 2009 they asked a question when the Zamorin when the Portuguese entered into the cap when the Portuguese landed in the carer in the western coast of India the Zamorin and their soldiers opposed the Portuguese and they fight with the Portuguese this kind of question whether this is correct or false statement they asked in the in this kind of statement that is the true statement or false statement they asked in 2009 and 10 one question they have asked it so that is why we need to understand the relationship between the various rulers when they arrived here in India and what was the relationship they maintained and whether it was a very cordial relation what was the thing so we need to study focus here so while we are reading the Portuguese we need to focus our we need to concentrate on the relationship between the Indian rulers and the foreigners that is a Europeans here what was the what was the relationship with the of Europeans European relations Europeans the European relations Portuguese the Europeans with the British the British the Dutch and the French of course the Dutch and the Danish Dutch and the Danish see here we have to focus more on Dutch and the Danish because they were the immediate followers of the Portuguese British and the French came very later British and the French came very later the only contemporary or the contemporary immediate threat for the Portuguese Portuguese when they landed here in India was the Dutch and the Danish only so focus here on Dutch and the Danish and next one that is focused here on the British than it is enough but the Portuguese relationship with the French was very very less that is not much important here okay but anyhow I have written it here so this is with this case of the Portuguese this is with the case of the Portuguese only that is with the case of the Portuguese okay next one next we move to the Dutch and the Danish I combinedly taken Dutch and the Danish because Dutch and the Danish is not much important in many cases only few areas we have to focus for the Dutch and the Danish so the Dutch the Dutch and the Danish Dutch and the Danish here in the Dutch and the Danish the most important thing for the Dutch and the Danish is the settlements the settlements settlements in India or the factories they have established factories established here we needed to understand the factories established by them the places of the factories we needed to understand fact fact here we needed to understand the facts the places who believe who believe Tharangam body Nagapattinam Balasore Muzaffarnagar like this we needed to understand the factories so we have to definitely memorize the fact fact here for this part of the settlements arrival of the Portuguese the fact we need to memorize there is no compromise here because this is a factual based area that is one thing the Danish that is about the factories and the relationship the relationship the relationship with the other Europeans the Europeans here when the while we discuss about the relationship with the Europeans we needed to consider more about the more with the case of the British British the immediate successor Portuguese the immediate predecessor Portuguese and the immediate successor British and then the French the French that is the relation European relationship and and the relationship with the Indian rulers Indian rulers relationship with the Indian rulers we have to focus here the relationship with the Indian rulers we have how to focus here. So, the Dutch and the Danish, more important we need to focus here on the settlement. Here only most of the questions they would ask, very factual based question, very very factual based question they would ask you here. And the relationship with the their immediate predecessor Portuguese and the immediate successor British they would ask you the question here, that is here. With the Indian rulers, mostly they are not asking such questions here with the Indian rulers, but for our precaution I have taken here as the Indian rulers. This is one thing, okay. And another important thing relating to the Dutch and the Danish is the commodities. Commodities, they trade. Commodities they trade. Commodities here trade both export and import. Both export and import. I think if you refer the 2018 question, 19 question paper you can able to understand it. They asked a question, what were the commodities that they traded, export and import. They holistically they asked. Another thing, the another version of the question they may ask is particularly Portuguese what kind they traded, what exported they did, what imported they did it. Like that they may ask a question here, that is another version, okay. So whenever while the coming across of the Europeans we have to take what are the trading commodities they did it, export and import we have to take it count here. So that is most important here. So settlements is most important here and the export commodities is most important here in this part and the relationship with the British, the Portuguese and the French is most important here. When coming across the Dutch and the Danish settlements here in India, that is about the Dutch and the Danish settlement, okay. Next one, British, the British, next one is British, the same category, that is the settlements, the settlements, settlements. Here we need to understand the settlements, divide the settlements into two category, western coast of India, western coast of India, eastern coast of India, eastern coast, coast. So we need to categorize what are the western coast, what are the eastern coast definitely because they popularly ask you a question in the match the following or in the arrangement of the orders, what are the western coast settlements, what are the eastern coast settlements they would ask you the question here. So we needed to understand what are the western coast settlements, what are the eastern coast settlements we needed to categorize it, that is very popular one, that is a very, very important one. and one they try to understand you see whether we mug it up or not the UPSC is testing whether you have that basic knowledge or basic understanding here or not simply they would ask you to eliminate one of the thing that's all okay so the settlements of western coast of India and the settlements of the eastern coast of India that is one thing okay British governor general's personality here separately we are having a topic here that is a governor general's topic so I am going to discuss the topic of the governor general's personality is later not here so here the settlements next one is here that is about the export import commodities traded commodities traded the commodities traded the commodities traded by export and import by the British export and the import export and the import okay that is most important here in the case of the British and the most important one relationship with the relationship with the states with the states here Indian states Indian states and Europeans in the Europeans in the Europeans we need to we need to have most important with the Danes Danish and the French okay that is most important here so the British settlements commodities they traded relationship with the Indian states the relationship with the Indian states that is nothing but Marathas we have we have entire modern India that is rest of the thing is connected to that so Indian states here we need to connect with the most with the Danish and the and the French that is we have to focus here while we discuss about the French we have to give most important for the settlements frequently asking question very very frequently asking question here also they ask you in multiple ways one they ask you in factual factual information regarding what is the settlement western coast and eastern coast they ask you there in the case of the they ask you in the case of the match the following type correct and incorrect statement or they may ask you in the chronological order in the elimination type that is if you refer the past 25 years of question paper you can understand it very clearly that is regarding the settlements in India factories here okay and the commodity trader that was also asked to that and the relationship with the Indian states relationship with the Indian states that is the European states and the Danish okay that's about particularly the relationship with the French is the most important one the relationship with the French is the most important one here that is nothing but the Carnatic Wars subsequent topic that is there Carnatic Wars and everything is there okay that's about the British that's about the British British is over next one French French the French the French is same thing settlements the settlements the settlements settlements in South India South India settlements in South India here mostly on the facts based on the facts we need to definitely next one when comparing to the French we need to understand the personalities personalities the French personalities the French personalities nothing but the governors governors the governors the reforms the reforms the policies the policies for example duplex you can take the governor general duplex you can take captain busi you can take northern sarkar the man who was holding the northern sarkar for the French during the time of the Carnatic War so the personalities role is most important here when coming across the reforms on the policies introduced by the governors okay regarding the governors okay the commodities what the French was trading commodities traded commodity is traded particularly what what they export what they import export and import the most important thing relationship the relationship with Indians rulers Indian rulers and Europeans still precisely if you want to go if you want to go further precisely the relationship with the Indian rulers relationship with the Carnatic relationship with the Arcade relationship with the bondage area you can take it from the Indian rulers that leads to the Carnatic Wars and other things various wars was there and Europeans the relationship with the other Europeans other Europeans means here we have to focus here on the British focus here on the British Indian rulers we have to focus here on the Carnatic Carnatic ruler and the Arcade Arcade Nabop Arcade Nabop okay so that's about the French that is about the French so here settlements is most important here settlements is most important here frequently they are asking questions from the from the settlements area and the personalities the governance is the most important one because because what the reforms they introduce what the policy they have taken and the relationship is most important relationship is most important so far they have not asked any question regarding the commodities they have traded that is export and import okay this is about the arrival of the Europeans generally the first topic arrival of Europeans is over what is the good source of book for this arrival of Europeans good source of book I think every people is having the spectrum handbook the spectrum of modern India you are having spectrum is a very good source of book for this topic of arrival of Europeans it is loaded with a lot of information regarding the arrival of Europeans so for this one the spectrum is very for this topic spectrum spectrum and NCRT NCRT the first preferred the first priority is the source for this topic is spectrum spectrum last year they have asked a question that is 2019 they have asked a question they are not only connected with the modern India they are also connecting with the history of the world also basic thing basic thing they ask you about the new world and the world world they asked the question regarding that they asked about the commodities traded in the new world and the world world they have asked a question so you have certain you have certain idea over the new world and the world world there what they have traded that is covers on this topic of the arrival of the Europeans and in this topic only that that question comes under okay here so the source of book for this topic is spectrum handbook of modern India that is a very good source of information you can get everything from that word by word way if you keep it in mind then it is okay so the first topic is over next one yearly English wars next one next one yearly English wars yearly English wars see here the topic itself is focusing here English wars so from the British we have to take other categories there British with the French British with the Portuguese British with the Indian rulers like that we have to focus our study here focus our point of view here for the first one is here that we take it from the plaza the war of plaza the battle of plazzy here battle of plazzy here for all the wars it is battle of plazzy or battle of Carnatic or the battle of Marathas or the battle of Mysore war whatever it may be here the first thing is causes causes are reason causes are reason battle of plazzy causes are reason what is a causes for this we have to understand it one corrects word not in the full paragraphic style understand in corrects okay so the causes and reason we have to understand it and who are the parties of war the parties of war parties of war in the battle of plazzy for example that's we need to understand that is a British British and the Bengal rulers Bengal and here we need to understand the personality name personality the personality name we need to understand here okay so the parties of the war who were the parties of the war we need to understand in when in a personality is who are participated in the this is a very popular question they would ask you here in the last 25 years of question paper they ask like that who are the parties of the Carnatic war who are the parties of the plazzy war who are who are on the side of the British who are on the side of the Bengal they would ask you like such questions here okay so on the place of the war is also important where is boxer where is plazzy they may ask you the question where is in which state it comes under that is that such kind of questions they would ask you here so the place of war is also most important the place of war the place of war is the most important one that is the parties of the war the battle of plazzy and any treaties if they have signed treaties any treaties if they have signed treaties is most important in the treaties the provisions of the treaty the provisions of the treaty Treaties is most important, the treaties, okay. So the battle of Plessy, this is the structure of this topic, this is the entire structure of this topic that is the causes or the reason of the war, who were participated in the war on both the sides and in case at the end of the war what treaty they have signed in the treaty, what were the provisions of the treaty, what were the provisions of the treaty we need to understand it. That is the structure of this topic, not only the battle of Plessy, okay. The battle of Plessy and the battle of Buxer, both the thing that is a case, Buxer. The battle of Plessy and the battle of Buxer causes recent parties of the war and then the treaties is the most important one. This is with the battle of Plessy and with the battle of Buxer, this is how we have to think. In the last 25 years of question, most of the question they asked here with the causes and reason, this is the first to prioritize the area. Most of the question they asked here based on what is the reason of the Plessy war between British and French reason, between the British and the Europeans, between the British and the Bengal rulers, like that they have asked a question. They try to understand what, they try to test you what you have basically understood here, what you have basically understood here, okay. So that is about the causes and the reason. The parties of our, is another popular area where they are asking the question. Who were on the side of the Bengal? Who were on the side of the, who were on the side of the British? In case if they ask you from the Bengal ruler, who deceived Mirjafa? Who deceived the Suraj Daula? Like this, the personalities. The personalities they have asked you the question, okay. And treaties they have asked you here, okay. After the war, what is the provisions of the treaty? So that's such kind of question here, Battle of Plessy and Buxer. Next one, the Battle of Karnatik. Karnatik 1, Karnatik war 2, Karnatik war 3. All the three wars I have discussed here. All the three wars, Battle of Karnatik war 1, 2, and 3, I have discussed here. So here, here the same causes and reason for Karnatik war. But here we need to split these causes and reason into another two category. International and Indian. I think we need that. I think you know, I think we know that. The first and the third Karnatik reason, the first and the third Karnatik war reason was not here in India. It was because of foreign affairs. It was in the European affairs. So we need to categorize it, whether this was, was internationally, inside Indian reason or outside any reason, we have to understand it very clearly. Because they try to put you test only on this option here in the case of the Karnatik war. For third Karnatik, second Karnatik war, they would try to give you a statement like the second Karnatik war was because of the European affairs reason. They would give you a statement like that. So like that they would try to test you. Okay. So that is a very popular thing, very popular question, causes and the reason. And the personalities participated, okay, the parties who participated in the war, the parties who participated in the war, Europeans, Indians, and here personalities, personalities involved, places involved, places involved in the war. All these are important here. All these are. All the places and the personalities, the factual information, facts, we need to memorize the facts. We have no other choice here. This is analytical. Causes and reason is analytical. Factual information is personalities. Definitely we have to memorize the play. In three Karnatik war, who were the three personalities participated on all the three sides, all the three wars on both the sides. Factually we need to understand and memorize the topic, there is no compromise here. And the treaties, treaties involved, involved and these treaties were international treaties and Indian and Indian. So that we need to understand it here. So international treaties involved, for example, first and the third. First and the third Karnatik war is having an international treaty, Axelah Chapli, the Treaty of Paris like that, second one is Treaty of Madras like that. So we need to categorize that differently. The provisions of the treaty. Next one is the provisions of the treaty. We need to understand it. The provisions. Here in the provision, most important thing, what are the places, places exchanged? What are the places exchanged? Factual information we need to understand. For example, in 2009 or 2010 question paper, if you come across the prelims question paper, you come across that, they ask you a question. Pondicherry is frequently, frequently comes under the treaty between the British and the French in all the three Karnatik wars. Like that they have asked you a question in 2009 and 2010, I think so. So like that, what are the places they are exchanging in each and every treaty? We have to carefully watch it and we have to carefully take it into account. That is most important here. So this is where they have, we need to understand it. So the international treaties and the Indian treaty signed between them and the places they have exchanged in the treaties, we need to understand it, refer it. So the battle of Karnatik wars 1, 2 and 3, that is about the battle of Karnatik war. Next one. The next one. Maratha war, Maratha wars and Mysore wars, Mysore wars. Both the wars are having the same structure, the same thing, causes, causes or reasons for the war, reasons for the war, very simple. What is the, Mysore war 1, 2 and 3 and 4, Maratha war 1, 2 and 3, Maratha war 1, 2 and 3, what were the causes for the or reason for the Maratha war and the Mysore war? Very simple, first thing. Next one. Parties at war, parties involved at war, involved at war. That is Indians and the Europeans, Indian rulers, Indian personalities, Indian and the Europeans. Here personalities, the personalities and places involved, places involved and the last one the treaties, treaties and provisions. This is most important in this topic. Regarding the Maratha and the Mysore war, treaties is most important. This is the first thing we have to focus. I think it's a very popular question you come across that, whenever you come across in the Maratha war, the Mysore war, they ask you questions regarding the treaties only. Treaty of Srirangapatnam, Treaty of Madras, Treaty of Travaka, like Krishnapalli, like that only they ask you the question. What are the provisions involved in the treaty? How much money, how much money given by the state of Mysore, like these simple things there? What are the places they have exchanged here? Like that. You give priority to the treaties and the provisions while coming across the Maratha war and the Mysore war. And the second most, the priority is to the causes and the reason. What is the causes of the very popular question they have asked you? So the very popular thing they ask you is what is the reason for the second Mysore war? What is the reason for the fourth Anglo-Mysore war? What is the reason for the first Anglo-Mysore war? So first thing basically you separated, this is the reason of first war, second war, third war, fourth war, fifth war, fourth war, like that you separated, that is the reason causes. So that is the very popular area they ask you the question. For example frequently they are asking here, frequently they are asking here and the personalities involved in this war, personalities involved in this war, okay. That's about the Mysore and the Maratha wars. One more war is here but it is not included here in this topic here but anyhow it is integrated part of the subject rituals that is the battle of Vandevosh, battle of Vandevosh. Battle of Vandevosh we need to understand the causes and the reason, causes and the reason of the battle of Vandevosh. The personalities involved in the battle of Vandevosh, personalities and its impact, impact, for this only we have to understand the impact. Battle of Placian-Buxer you need to understand one more thing, what is the consequences of this war, consequences we need to understand and holistically this is analysis. See causes, reason, this is a, this is analytical one, personalities place of war is a factual information, the treaties and provision and other things, consequences is the mains perspective, that is a mains perspective. Some areas in some areas in the prillims they try to test you the analytical part of the candidate, that is from the mains perspective, mains understanding. So this part involved that one part, this is this one topic involved like such kind of the analytical topic that is the mains perspective understanding of the candidate, that is the battle of Placian-Buxer, consequences over India, like nothing but India you became a colony, the drain of wealth concept, that's we need to understand here. So that is here, battle of Vandevosh impact, that is impact on consequences, consequences we have to understand. So all the wars we have completed here. What is the source of good source of information for this topic, the source of information? The first source of information for analytical, analytical is NCRT, NCRT is the first source of good information regarding causes, reason, like that kind of analytical consequences, treaties, provisions like these things. For factual information, factual information, who participated on whom side and who are the personalities there, what is the provisions of the treaty, for that kind of information, factual information you rely on spectrum, spectrum modern India handbook, spectrum modern India handbook, I think you know about that book. So you rely on spectrum for factual information and treaties particularly, particularly over the treaties, the treaty of Madras, treaty of Sringapatnam, treaty of the treaty of Travancore like these things you go for the spectrum. Analytical reason, analytical and analysis part, the NCRT is a very good source of information books for you regarding this topic of the Carnatic Wars and other things, clear? So this is about the early English wars, this topic is over. Next one, yearly structure of British Empire, okay? You can classify this into yearly structure of the British Empire into political, social and economic. See here, from where to where we have to cover here this topic, one confusion we get it here from this topic is from where to where we have to cover here. So they are saying it as a yearly only, yearly from the arrival that is 16-0-0, 0-0, at most length we can take it as 18-13, 18-13. Why I have taken 18-13 as a criteria? Because 18-13 only the Charter Act is introduced because of the Charter Act we have the British have completely changed it from the economic policy of mercantilism to the free trade that is why, okay? So that is why I have taken it here. So politically what we have to see here, 16-0-0 to 18-13, 18-13 here this is politically analysis part only. What is the intention of the British here? Intention, intention of British, British whether they came in the accidental, accidental or predetermined, determined. This is the only question they ask you here in the yearly structure of the British roge that is yearly structure of the British roge, another thing we can categorize the yearly structure of the British roge politically all the things that is doctrine of the labs, doctrine of the subsidiary alliance and all the things that is there that is separately we are going to see that, okay? Separately we are going to see that. So here yearly structure whether they arrived accidentally or they have come with a certain predetermined occupied mind to capture India, this is analytical. So I will tell you where we have to search information for this one. Social, social involvement of, involvement of British, British in social affairs, social affairs in India, so nothing here, okay? So economic what is the stand of the British here? Here we need to understand what is the economic stand that is mercantilism, mercantilism and another thing we need to understand free trade, free trade. Simply to say the economic policy, economic policy of the British, the economic policy of the British. So here we need to understand the economic policy of the British that is what? So yearly structure we have categorized into three politically, socially and economically what was the yearly structure of the British roge here in India? What was the British roge here in India? Politically they have intention, accident or with predetermined occupation here in India. So what was the socially involvement here in India? Because after 1833 only they try to abolish the sati, they interfere in the Indian affairs. Before that they never interfere in any of the Indian affairs. What is their intention? That is what? So here if you see the previous years of question paper they are mostly concentrating this part of the question, what you have basically understand that simply they would ask you yearly 19th century, later 16th century only they are asked you the question. Like that only they are with that statement only they are asked you the question here. Refer the question paper definitely you come across that. If you refer that you can able to understand it clearly. Okay what is the structure? Economic policy of the British here in India, mercantilism, free trade and last one what is the last one? That is the last one is the financial capitalism, financial capitalism, okay. This is a conceptual area, this is analytical area where you can go for the reference book for this one, yearly structure of the British drug, NCRT. In this NCRT, new NCRT is a good source of information, new NCRT, themes of all the new NCRT that is published very new one. I am not referring the Bipin Chandra old NCRT that is with the Mejanta Kala cover book that is I am not referring that one that is a old NCRT. In the new NCRT you can find it the information for this topic, information for this topic new NCRT, clear. So yearly structure of the British drug you approach with this one, okay that's about that one. Next one, constitutional developments, 1773 to 1858 they have given. So they are including the government of India Act 1858 also here, here each and every constitutional development, development, reason, reason what is the reason for 1773 act? What is the reason for 1813 act? What is the reason for Pits India Act? What is the reason for the 1833 act? What is the reason for 1858 act? Like that we have to understand it that is the reason that is one thing. Next one, the provisions of the acts, provisions of the act, provisions of the act and the impact of the impact or consequences, very simple one, very simple one. What is the reason, what is the provisions and what are the consequences of each and every charter acts or the government of India Act 1858, okay. If you refer the past 25 years of question paper, in that 25 years of question paper last six years of question paper, many questions are asked in this topic only. Last six years of question paper, in the last six years more and more questions are asking from this topic only constitutional development. If you take entire modern India up to including if you take the Indian Freedom Act of 1947, 1947 if you take it every act more and more questions is asking from the constitutional development only. They are focusing on this topic specifically. So you give special care and you give some special stress on this topic of the constitutional developments, constitutional development. I am not going to stop it 1857. I am going to cover with 1935 also here. Until 1935 I have covered here itself, okay. So impact and consequences up to 1858, impacts in 1858 and the Act of 1891, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Here in this act the causes, the causes are reason. The causes are the reason for the act one thing. The most important the provisions, the provisions of the acts, the provisions of the act and the consequences of the acts and the opinion of the acts. Or comment, comment of the act, who commented it? That is the personality that is most important here. I will tell you the reasons here. See here 1919, 19, 19, 19, 1935 all these things. For example, 1935 Government of India Act, they ask you the terminologies that involved in each and every provisions of the act, terminologies, the terminologies involved in the each and every provisions are. For example, very popular question they ask you here, what is mean by diarchy? They ask you here, what is mean by diarchy? What is mean by federation? What is mean by federation? What is mean by reserved subject? What is mean by transferred subject? Because all these are involved here, all these are introduced here only. They try to understand whether you have understood it or not. Diarchy, federation, transferred subject, reserved subject. See in the transferred and in the reserved subject, what are all the transferred subjects, what are all the reserved subject? Because they ask you in that factual information there regarding the provisions of the act. What is the consequences of this act? In 1919, what consequences? In 1935, what consequences they try to understand it? And what is the opinion? What is the opinion of our Indian leaders regarding each and every act? For example, Nehru commented about 1935 act, 1935 act, he commented about it. Like that they ask you the question, who commented it here like that? So the act of 1891, 1909, 1935 up to this one, you focus on the two special things. One is the concept, one is the terminologies involved in those act and the opinion and the comment of the act that it is enough here. Constitutional development. So the constitutional development topic is over. Good source of information for this topic, constitutional development, spectrum is a very good source of information, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum handbook of modern India book is a very good source of information for this topic, everything you get it in spectrum itself. Because NCRT is not covered much here, because NCRT is not focused much here in this topic. Next one, Governor Generals, next one Governor Generals, Governor Generals. So they have given the list of Governor Generals from Robert Clive to Dalhousie. Simply they have given here, Robert Clive, Robert Clive regarding Robert Clive, his concept of dual government, dual government, board of trade, Robert Clive about his board of trade, okay, his reforms, his reforms, his reforms and convales, convales, convales, his land reform, land reform, the most important one, the most important one, the convales, the land reform introduced by him and his administrative reform and one more Governor General I have left it in between this one and that was the, I write it here, Warren Hastings. So we have to understand his relationship with the Indian states, Indian states, Indian states and the Indian rulers, Indian rulers. Next one was Wellesley, Wellesley, Wellesley about subsidiary aligns, subsidiary aligns regarding the subsidiary aligns, the objectives of the subsidiary aligns, the objectives, the provisions and the consequences, the most important one regarding the Wellesley subsidiary aligns, the subsidiary aligns by Wellesley, his objectives and the provisions and the consequences, all these things, okay, that is most important here. Next one, Bentik, William Bentik, his social reform, his administrative reform, his judicial reform, his tax reform, tax comes under the administrative reform. So judicial reform, William Bentik, okay, his relationship with the states, his relationship with the Indian states, Indian states and Indian rulers, Indian rulers, okay, that is most important one and William Bentik is connected with 1833 Act, that is about the Wellesley. The last one, Dalhousie, Dalhousie, simply Doctrine of Labs, Doctrine of Labs. In the Doctrine of Labs, chronological order, the chronological order, the Doctrine was applied, Satara Asambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nakpur like that, okay. So Doctrine of Labs. One is concept of the Doctrine of Labs, concept, the concept of the Doctrine of Labs, the chronological order, the Doctrine of Labs, they have applied it here, regarding the Dalhousie, regarding the Dalhousie, that's about the Governor-General's and the most important one, that's the Governor-General's and the most important one, okay, here, very good source of information for approaching this topic, this topic. In the end of the Spectrum book, you find is Appendix, in the Appendix you find it, the list of Governor-General's and their achievements like this, so that area, that is a very good source of information for you, that is the Spectrum, Spectrum. Next one is NCRT, old, old NCRT, the Spectrum is a very good source of information for this one and the next one conceptually, the old NCRT, old NCRT, okay. If you refer the past previous years of quotient paper, another area where they have asked the most of the quotients is regarding this one, personalities, regarding the Governor-General's. They ask you about the reform of the Bentig, they ask you about the reform of Cornwallis, they ask you about the Robert Klebs' dual government system, like that they have asked you the quotient. So another potential area, after constitutional developments in India from the first part of the modern India, this is another area where they have asked so much of quotients. This is second priority area we have to focus in the area. Next one, administration during company period, next one, administration during company period, okay. That is civil service, civil services, evolution, evolution, personalities, institutions involved, that's all. Regarding civil service, how it was evolved here in India? What was the purpose of here, concept, conceptually what is the purpose here? What is the purpose here and personalities who are involved with the civil service, the personalities, personalities means Governor-General for example, Cornwallis was involved, Wellesley was involved, various personalities they have involved here and the institutions, institution means what are the institutions for supporting for the civil service, institutions, for what purpose they have asked, for what purpose they have started or constituted that institute here for the civil service here, that is in the case of the civil service. This year 2020 they have asked a question from this topic only, that is they asked a question what is the purpose of this institution they asked here, okay, that is the Kolkata college, they asked the Kolkata college question, so that is about here, that is civil service. Regarding judiciary next one, regarding judiciary here the evolution of judiciary, evolution of judiciary, in this evolution of judiciary we have to focus on two personalities, two personalities we have to understand it, one is from the Cornwallis, Cornwallis, another one is Wellesley and William Bentick, Cornwallis that is you have understand it that Sardar Nizamath Adalat, Sardar Devani Adalat and Wellesley introduced one there and William Bentick introduced a circuit code here, that is the evolution there, you clearly understand it, it is a clear evolution of judiciary here in India, so the personalities here involved, involved here in the judiciary evolution under the company rule was Cornwallis, Wellesley, Bentick and other the three most important personalities, if you understand the book you can find it here, it is very simple, okay, see here for civil service I will approve, I will source of information one by one I have given here, for civil service NCRT is enough, NCRT, old NCRT and this is the evolution of judiciary also the old NCRT, old NCRT topic administrative, in the same topic itself you find it in the NCRT, administration during the company period judiciary that is a, that is an excellent source of information NCRT, our old NCRT is excellent source of information for this topic, okay, regarding the judiciary in 2016 they have asked the questions here, 2016 they have asked the questions here, factual information they asked you the questions here, okay, next one police, police that is evolution, evolution of police under company rule, under company rule, under company that is all, under company that is now, here that is not much to focus here, the good source of information for this is old NCRT, old NCRT, police force next one, education policy that is most important, education, education policy here, in the education policy we needed to understand here, we needed to understand here the orientalist, angelist and woods dispatch and woods dispatch, understand, in the woods dispatch the most important things are the provisions of the woods dispatch, the provisions, this is another area where they are frequently asking the question, education policy, education policy under the company rule, orientalist, angelist, controversy here in this orientalist, angelist controversy they are asking regarding the personalities involved here, personalities who were the orientalist, who were the angelist like here, they ask you the factual information here orientalist and the angelist, woods dispatch the most important thing is the provisions that is most important, that is the most important, very frequently they are asking the questions here regarding that, if you refer the past 25 years of question paper another area where most of the questions appeared here is this education policy area, this is most important, for this topic very good source of information is spectrum, spectrum you can approach it here, spectrum, famine policy next one, famine policy, famine policy we don't have much information regarding the company rule, if you find it in the world NCRT that it is enough, famine policy under the company rule because under the crown only we have got more information here, crown, under the crown rule we have three commissions there, three commissions, Lial commission, McDonald commission, like that we are having the Stuart commission, we are having the commissions there and the provisions that is most important there, we have take that in the second part of modern India test not now, so we are only approaching here till company rule, so famine policy under company world NCRT is enough here, press regulations from 1774 till 1858 the press regulations, the press acts okay, here the most important thing is the provisions of the press regulation, provisions there is no compromise here, this is a factual area, we have to understand it, we have to memorize it only, we don't have any choice, the good source of information for this press regulation is spectrum, spectrum, 2019 they have asked the question, 2018 they have asked the question from the press regulation, 1799 the press regulation act they have asked the questions here, so another frequently asking question from this area is the press regulation area, the good source of information for this one is spectrum modern India handbook that is most important one, one more thing that is not covered here, land revenue policy, land revenue policy under company, under the company that's we need to understand it here okay, zamindari, raitwari and mahalwari, for the land revenue policy are all the three one, the structure for this one, what is the reason or causes for this land revenue policy, causes, who introduced it, who were behind it or personalities, you simply write it as personalities, the personalities, the personality involved, the personalities involved in the land revenue policies and the provisions of the land revenue policy, the provisions and the consequences, the consequences of the land revenue policy that is most important one, here in the zamindar only we need to understand the state share and zamindar share, factual, how much, how much they got it because that area they try to manipulate you, that area okay zamindari, so land revenue policy, who were the personalities involved there, what is the reason for raitwari, what were the reasons for the mahalwari, what were the reasons for the zamindari like that, what are the provisions of the zamindari mahalwari and what are the consequences of raitwari, what are the consequences of zamindari, you know that, you know that all the present rites, the present revolt was because of that only you come across that in the second part of the modern India, so that is about the land revenue policy, for this part land revenue policy you take both the book as a combined one, one is old NCRT, one is the old NCRT, old under spectrum, both of them is a good source of information for you, for this topic both the things are good source of information, that is about this topic okay, next one, next one is tribal and the present uprisings okay, it is another popular area they ask you the question, very simple, tribes or presence okay, one column, causes, place, leader, leader what happened, that is enough here, that is enough here, for example what is the what is the reason for the gold, what is the reason for the gold uprising, who was a leader of the gold uprising, where it took place, what happened to this gold uprising, what happened future, if you categorize like this then it is enough, if you refer the question paper in this categories they mostly ask you prayer, if you prioritize the area, they ask you about the leader, who was the leader of the uprising, who was the, they give you match the following or in the correct or incorrect statement like this only they are asking, next one the causes next thing, the third one is place, the fourth one is what happened to them, whether they were suppressed, whether they have exterminated like this that kind of question they are asking you, so all the tribal and the present uprisings in modern day everything if you categorize like this then it is enough here, this is a very very pure factual area, you needed to take the factual information and you have to mug it up that is all, definitely we would forget this one, better idea what you can do is you take a photocopy in the, I will give the source of information and then I go for the another information, the good source of information for this topic is spectrum book, you find it in the spectrum, the spectrum handbook of modern India you find it, what you can do is either you make a photocopy of this topic in the spectrum and you paste it in your room, in your room or in your house wherever you are staying, frequently where you are approaching that area, very frequently approaching place in your house or room, for example near your bookshelf or in the kitchen wherever it may be, if you are going there frequently visiting area, you daily see that picture, photo static memory I ask you to make it, photographic memory instead of keeping it memory otherwise you can do one thing, you make it as a recording one and you hear by yourself the only pleasant or unpleasant thing you have to hear your own voice that is one thing, you have to hear your own voice, you have to be the singer there okay, so like that you can memorize because this one area is frequently asking and you can easily approach that is by hearing memory by recording that one, that is one approach and another one is photographic memory by seeing that daily, automatically when you see the question paper, gold means this is the leader you can come across that immediately because that is subconsciously that is registered in your subconscious level itself that is another kind of memorization for you, for this topic I am mentioning for you okay, so good source of information is spectrum okay, next one revolt of 1857 very simple revolt, revolt of 1857 causes, causes we know that we have to categorize it already that is political cause, what are the political cause, social cause, social cause, economic cause, administrative cause, military cause like that one places, places involved, places involved, personalities involved, personalities involved in the 1857 revolt and the impact of the revolt are the consequences of the revolt, consequences, consequence that is all, revolt of 1857 causes what is the political, social, economic, administrative causes, military causes, what are the personalities involved in that and the places involved in it factual, these two are factual informations, these are the facts, facts involved and the places and the consequences very simple, places that is the impact on the consequences of revolt of 57 okay that is all, this is about the topic because this is not for our problems area, problems is factual information, places, personalities this is where they are going to ask the question mostly because means only they are asking, analytical consequences this is impact, consequences, causes these are the main topic here okay so the good source of information for this one is spectrum and NCRT, old, old NCRT clear okay social religious reform movement last topic, social religious reform movement here in the social religious reform movement first thing we need to understand organization, social religious organization are institutions, personalities, personalities involved in this organization and the reforms introduced, reforms introduced by that organizations and the personalities reform and the objective of their organization, objective of the organization, objective of the organizations and that is all here we have to categorize the social religious reform into Hindu that is here we have to categorize it that is all Hindu, Islam, Sikh, Parse, Parse that is all Hindu, Islam, Sikh and Parse social religious reform movements that is one that is one category so here for example for example Brahma Samaj what are the personalities involved in the Brahma Samaj what are the reforms introduced by Rajara Mohan Rai what are the objectives of the Brahma Samaj for example Arya Samaj what are the personalities involved who are the personalities involved in the Arya Samaj what are the reforms introduced by Arya Samaj what are the objectives of the Arya Samaj like that every organization every institution we have to take it and we have to we have to count the personalities involved or reform introduced by them objective, objectives introduced by them we have to take it like that okay the good source of information for this topic is spectrum spectrum and do NCRT old NCRT but spectrum is a very good source of information that is most important spectrum is the very good source of information for this one I am referring the NCRT of Bipin Chandra 12th standard I am referring that NCRT only that Mejanta color book you are having consequences of the social religious reform moments also you can take it consequences that is one topic see mostly they are asking they are not asking much they are asking from Hindu social religious reform moment they are asking from Sikh they are asking from Parsi Islam and Sikh they are not they are not asking so far they have not touched this topic Islam social religious reform moment and Sikh social religious reform moment they have not touched it so you concentrate in the topic okay so this is about regarding the social religious reform moment clear okay that is about the orientation I have given the source of information for each and every topic where to approach it while you are reading each and every topic while you are reading each and every topic you refer pass it 25 years of question paper and then read once you completed the topic and then you refer the and then you refer the 35 years of question paper keep on referring that question paper itself that if you keep on refer the question paper then only you can able to have an idea how they are frequently asking the questions this book you get it because some people are getting confusion keep on asking which NCRT which class are 12th standard is enough 12th standard is enough because some people may ask you questions or whether I have to read it from 60 standard itself if you keep on reading from 60 to 12th standard all the thing you get it in their 12th standard itself spectrum modern India if you are having a bolder version you refer them with new versions of modern spectrum modern India okay thank you very