 Now I'll take some questions from the audience if I could see you I see somebody here holding up his hand if we could have a mic down here, please identify yourself and Keep questions Succinct if possible. Is there a mic? Not sure if this one works But you're welcome to it. No, no Say no to fault Say simple miss you. Yes Thank you Merci, Monsieur Laichoubi, donc academicien, ancien ministre algérien Le spatial vous l'avez laissé entendre est un marqueur de puissance Alors comment selon vous après rendez-vous l'émergence des nouveaux pays en termes de concurrence et de bouleversements des hiérarchies notamment la chine l'un des etc Ma deuxième question le spatial outre ses capacités militaires c'est aussi un support de l'intelligence et donc transmission des données Telecommunications Etc. Poses pour un certain nombre de pays la question de la souveraineté et de l'autonomie de développement et sous le même Anglais dans la même préoccupation pose pour les citoyens les grandes questions d'éthique et de préservation des éléments Personnel à tel enceinte que nous avons vu des grandes puissances s'accuser mutuellement d'interference à travers le numérique pour influencer et j'aimerais là avoir votre position sur cette deuxième question d'éthique Good question. Okay. Je veux vous répondre en français si vous voulez la première question Donc je vous ai dit qu'il y avait si grande de puissance spatiale aujourd'hui moi je considère que les états unis sont numéro 1 en numéro 2 on a exécut la chine pour des raisons quantitatives 30 35 lancements dans l'année l'Europe pour des raisons qualitatifs nous avons des satellites à la pointe de ce qui se fait on a lancé il y a quelques jours Bépique-Colombo qui est parti pour un voyage de 7 ans vers la plainte Mercure et c'est une sonde à 2 milliards d'euros qui est à l'extrême limite de ce qu'on s'est fait en mathéâtre ethnologique donc états-unis Chine et Europe et puis Russie, Japon, Inde et nous avons maintenant beaucoup de nouvelles puissances spatiales de la légeré en études vous le savez avec les satellites à l'âte et quelques autres parce que le ticket d'accès à l'espace a diminué et donc on peut avoir de plus en plus de pays qui font du spatial et ça je pense que c'est très bien parce que ça conduit à diffuser les jugages de l'espace pour l'aménagement du territoire pour l'agriculture et pour tout ce qu'on peut imaginer donc c'est la première question je vois avec beaucoup de sympathies de plus en plus de pays faire du spatial la deuxième question sur les enjeux de souveraineté je dirais que le spatial il faut légiférer là aussi comme dans les autres domain et les autres domain et vous avez parlé des gaffas de l'internet des choses comme ça mais sur le spatial on a à peu près les mêmes problématiques donc il y a un bureau des nations unies à vienne qui travaille sur ces sujets il faut faire attention parce que c'est vrai qu'avec un satellite d'observation vous pouvez aller observer ce qui se passe chez le voisin ça doit être encadré vous pouvez écouter ce qui se passe là aussi ça doit être encadré alors bien sûr il y a des systèmes militaires il y a des systèmes civils mais il peut y avoir aussi des entités privées qui font ce que jusqu'alors était réservé à des entités gouvernementales donc on légifère on fait attention c'est un système qui se développe comme tous les systèmes qui se développe il y aura un pan avant parfois un pan arrière mais je pense que globalement ça fait partie du développement du progrès technologique I have a question in the front row here if we could have a mic Mr. Ambassador thank you very much Fujisaki from Japan. I have a question I think the mainstream of thinking now on space exploration is first go to gateway that Trump administration is proposing and then to moon again and then to mass that is the sort of mainstream way I would like to know if there's any relations do you think between this low orbit gateway around moon and landing on moon meaning how much you contribute to gateway would that be related to the possibility of going to moon as well if you are not trying to send European astronaut by yourselves or and still you'll be using American apparatus or Russian rocket do you think that in order to participate in gateway will secure your possibility of trying to have your astronauts on the rocket am I clear yes I think that all what is related to human flights should be made in cooperation because the price is very very high if you speak about the international space station which is the biggest cooperative technology project today worldwide it's more than 100 billion dollars which are in orbit and it is why the gateway now it is considered that it should be developed in cooperation with the historic partners of the space station US, Russia, Europe, Canada, Japan and with perhaps some other ones as I say but the idea is to have a kind of mid-sized space station in orbit or VF and on the moon and lower orbit but going to the moon with perhaps a private initiative going from the space station to the moon because the government wants to keep a part of the money available to go in the future to Mars first with robots and in perhaps 20 or 25 years with astronauts but this is the policy today which is implemented but as I said in my introduction it is something which is new because it followed the appointment of the new administrator of NASA and the US are shaping now the post international space station world policy and we will see the future but about the question should we have an autonomous capacity either in Japan or in Europe to send astronauts in fact we are in a cooperative projects and it has been decided that the transportation should be for the Russians or the US and we provide laboratories as you do with VHTV as we did in the past with VATV so it's a general project we have time for one last brief question over here thank you very much Peter Yankovich for my member of the Austrian government there are so many fantastic developments in space which we have seen now in this movie but there are of course also many dangers threatening for further developments in space and two of those are one space debris the increasing number of objects floating in space and threatening space objects like the international space station and the second one is the question how are we going to regulate space traffic are there any plans for space traffic management and what authorities do you see who could address these problems I think that it is an excellent question and as you know Peter a lot of people are working today on this issue because in fact there are two points the first one the debris and in the past when satellites were launched nobody took care about the debris until a few years ago when people realized that even a very very small debris at eight kilometers per seconds it can make a lot of damages on satellites and so now there is a regulation it means that in the past when you had to separate a satellite from a launcher you had a kind of explosive device which created a cloud of debris and now you have just a system with no debris so this point is the first point we don't create any more debris and so I think that this point is behind us but another one which is much more interesting is that there are more and more projects using in particular constellations of satellites and it is clear that if you launch a constellation of 4000 satellites to put internet everywhere on the earth this is a project by SpaceX or Google managing these 4000 satellites will be quite difficult and there are now some regulations which are implemented to avoid collisions between satellites but we are going to have the same regulation as we have for airlines airliners we are just at the beginning of the satellites that we were at the beginning of airliners let us say in the year something as 100 years ago and so now if the number of satellites is going to increase we are going to have as you say the space traffic management because managing 4000 satellites or perhaps 10000 satellites in lower orbit it is not so easy and so it means that satellites will have some rules to comply with and to be sure that they will not collide and so that it will be done in perfect harmony