 Hello everyone, welcome back again to the Indian News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. These are the list of news articles that we will be discussing today and they are provided along with the page numbers of different editions. And also the link for the and written notes in media format and the time stamping for the discussed articles is given in the description box as well as in the comment section for the benefit of our aspirants. Now let us move on to the analysis of the first news article. Now look at this article. This article is about a statement that was released by the Commerce Secretary on Tuesday and in a statement he questioned the rationale behind the US government's decision to put India on the watchlist for currency manipulators. And he also said that the watchlist is an intrusion into the policy space that is needed for the central banks around the world to meet their mandates. Now let us discuss this topic in detail. The syllabus relevant for this article is highlighted below. See the US Treasury Department had recently retained India on a watchlist for currency manipulators. Note that India was added to this list last year and the reason cited by the US Congress for adding India to the list is the higher dollar purchases which was found to be close to 5% of the GDP by the Reserve Bank of India. See the threshold of US when it comes to dollar purchases is only 2% of GDP but India has purchased almost 5% of GDP worth of dollars. So this is one of the reasons why India was there in the list. Also another reason for the inclusion in the currency manipulator watchlist is the $20 billion trade surplus that India has got with the US. See the trade surplus is an economic indicator of a positive trade balance in which the exports of a nation outweighs its imports. When you take India, India's trade plus with US is currently more than $20 billion. Now here it is interesting to note that India's trade surplus with the US grew by about $5 billion in the year 2020 to 21 that is the trade plus grew from $18 billion to $23 billion in this year and the US finds this to be illogical because the imports of US from India fell more sharply compared to exports in this Covid affected year. So when viewed on this angle the trade plus should have decreased but that is not the case. So the US suspects currency manipulation to be the reason for this increase in trade plus and therefore has retained India in the currency manipulator watchlist. Now in this context let us see about this currency manipulators. See the term currency manipulator is a label that is given by the US government to those countries who engage in unfair currency practices by deliberately devaluing their currency against our dollar. See this devaluation is the reduction of the official value of a currency in relation to other currencies and this practice would mean that the country in question is artificially lowering the value of its currency in order to gain an unfair advantage over others. This is because the devaluation would reduce the cost of exports from that country and it will artificially show a reduction in trade deficits as a result. Now let us see how a country is decided as a currency manipulator by the US. See the US Department of the Treasury it publishes a semi-annual report wherein the developments in global economic and exchange rate policies are reviewed and in this report the Treasury Department will also include the watchlist for currency manipulators. See the US Department of the Treasury it uses three criteria to decide whether a country is a currency manipulator or not and if a country meets any two of the three criteria then it is placed on the watchlist. And the three criteria taken into consideration are as follows first comes the 20 billion plus bilateral trade surplus with the US secondly the foreign currency intervention exceeding 2% of the GDP and thirdly it is a global current account exceeding 2% of GDP. See this current account surplus is refers to the positive current account balances meaning that a country has more exports than imports of goods and services. Now when it comes to India it means two of the above three conditions so it was placed in the watchlist. Now here you should note that the designation of a country as a currency manipulator does not immediately attract any penalties but it tends to dent the confidence about a country in the global financial markets. So with this we have come to the end of this article so in this discussion we learnt about the currency manipulators watchlist and also about the criteria for its determination. Now let's move on to the next news article. Now look at this news article the news article talks about travel bubble. First let us see what is this travel bubble and then we will move on to the news. See this travel bubble is nothing but the air bubble which is also called as transport bubbles or air travel agreements. See air bubble is a temporary international bilateral agreement between two countries which aims to restart commercial passenger services that were stopped in the wake of the pandemic. That is as you know as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the regular international flights were suspended to and from India and similar was the case with other countries as well. So these agreements provide for restarting such suspended passenger services and these agreements are reciprocal in nature that is the airlines from both countries enjoy mutual or similar benefits and the tickets for these flights are sold through the airlines website, travel agents and also through global distribution system. Now if you take India it entered into air bubble agreement with more than 25 countries like that of USA, Canada, France, Germany, UK, Maldives, UAE, Qatar, Afghanistan, Bahrain etc. So under the air bubble agreement of India flight services are operated between the destinations of party countries. For example India has created an air travel arrangement with Bahrain and the Air India or the Air India Express and Gulf Air are permitted to operate services between India and Bahrain and to carry certain categories of persons on such flights. Now from India to Bahrain airlines are allowed to carry Bahrainian nationals or residents and any Indian national holding any type of valid visa from the Kingdom of Bahrain and destined for Bahrain only. And then reciprocally from Bahrain to India airlines can carry Indian nationals was stranded in Bahrain and all overseas citizen of India card holders who are holding Bahraini passports. Also it can carry from Bahrain to India the Bahraini nationals including the diplomats who are holding valid visa issued by an Indian mission in any category covered under the Ministry of Home Affairs guidelines that is amended from time to time. So based on these air bubble agreement flight service between Tiruchara Palli in Tamil Nadu and Bahrain was operated in September 2020. See the main benefit of air bubbles that such agreement and resulting travel helped and in fact it is continuing to help to bring back stranded Indians from abroad to India and unite them with your families. Now in this line recently India civil aviation ministry announced that it will set up a bilateral air bubble arrangement with Sri Lanka and this will be for the operation of special international passenger flights between the two countries. But today's news is that due to the surging COVID-19 cases in India Sri Lanka has postponed the launch of proposed travel bubble with India. Now this travel bubble is important for both countries. When you take Sri Lanka it is important to Sri Lanka as its economy has been deeply affected by the pandemic. So it wanted to open its tourism sector which contributes a considerable amount to its economy. Particularly tourism also forms an important link between India and Sri Lanka as India is a top source for tourist influx into Sri Lanka. Note as per available Ministry of External Affairs data over 42 lakh Indian tourists travelled to Sri Lanka in 2018. On coming to India it is important to India also as air connectivity is important to help the Buddhist pilgrims in Sri Lanka to visit important religious sites in India. Now here you should note that Sri Lankan tourists are among the top 10 sources for the Indian tourism market. With this we have come to the end of this news discussion or let's move on to the next news article. Our next discussion will be based on this news article. This opiate article is written by the head of epidemiology and communicable diseases ICMR and in this article the author discusses the vaccine hesitancy that is shown by the Indian people when it comes to COVID-19 vaccination. See according to the World Health Organization vaccine hesitancy is a reluctance or the kind of refusal that people exhibit when it comes to vaccination. However this is not a new phenomenon because it was already observed in Britain during the vaccination against whooping cough in the 1970s and also against measles in 1990s and even in India there was a hesitancy during the polio vaccination campaign initially and even now India is experiencing the same kind of vaccine hesitancy when it comes to the COVID-19 vaccination. See the problem is India is now seeing a second wave of COVID-19 cases and the number of cases and the deaths are increasing day by day. So at such a juncture the COVID-19 vaccines can play a major role in countering the disease and in reducing the fatalities. Also it can save lives and it can reduce the demand for healthcare services at government and private facilities due to COVID-19 but yet despite such direct and indirect benefits of COVID-19 vaccines many are still hesitant to accept these life-saving scientific interventions. Now why are people hesitant to accept vaccines? See the vaccine hesitancy is a very complex phenomenon for which there is no easy answers and also it is often extremely localized to the region and has got social, cultural context as well but however today's digital technology is given this vaccine hesitancy or new momentum for example misinformation spreading online through the social and digital media channel have heavily contributed to this vaccine hesitancy and India is particularly vulnerable to this challenge because we are increasingly moving towards consumption of news and information online and also through social channels. So this kind of misinformation can adversely impact public trust. So what can be done? See building public trust through clear and transparent communication is an important measure in order to counter this vaccine hesitancy and this can be done by equipping the healthcare professionals and the frontline workers with accurate information so that they can counter misinformation. Also garnering the support of trusted local and community leaders can build credibility of vaccines and can remove vaccine hesitancy. In addition to that the author also suggests spreading positive messages proactively in the community and also on social platforms since this has reduced vaccine hesitancy in other countries and the author finally concludes by saying that we need to understand and we need to address a community's concern with empathy because only with such empathy we can gain the trust of people when it comes to vaccines and this will eventually help us to create a healthier world in future. So with this we have come to the end of this news article. So here we learned about vaccine hesitancy reasons for vaccine hesitancy and also on the solutions for vaccine hesitancy. Now let's move on to the next news discussion. Now let us take up this editorial article which speaks on how to make India a low carbon economy through a sector led and action based approach. The syllabus covered by this article is highlighted below for your reference. Recently the US President Joe Biden has invited 40 world leaders to the leaders summit on climate and this virtual summit will underscore the urgency and economic benefits of stronger climate action and it will also serve as a key milestone on the road to the COP26 so the UN climate change conference that is scheduled to be held this November in Glasgow. Also the world leaders are expected to catalyze their efforts that keep the 1.5 degree goal within reach and achieve net zero emissions target soon. See a recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change also called for global carbon emissions to reach net zero by 2050. So in effect all countries including India are expected to announce 2050 as the net zero target year. So in this slide the authors in this editorial say that India being a climate vulnerable country must also come up with its plan to limit global temperature rise below 1.5 degree Celsius and this has to happen considering its own developmental needs as we are still a developing country with significant development deficit. For example our per capita carbon emissions are less than half the world average. As seen in our earlier discussions India cannot afford to commit 2050 as the net zero year as it will have to take more burden of decarbonization than many developed countries and this will seriously compromise India's development needs as well. So the authors suggest an alternative path focusing on near-term sectoral transformations by adopting available technologies. So India shall focus on sectoral low carbon development combining competitiveness job creation distributional justice and low pollution in key areas and in the long term India can get more specific about net zero targets and timelines and the author points India's power sector to be an example for this. See in 2010 25 percent of the global greenhouse gas emissions came from electricity and heat production and the burning of coal natural gas and oil for electricity and heat is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions and the authors point out electricity sector to be the single largest source of India's greenhouse gas emissions contributing about 40 percent and hence decarbonizing the electricity sector is a key to achieve net zero emissions. See so far our efforts in the electricity sector are focused on expanding renewable electricity capacity and the renewable energy targets have grown immensely from 20 gigawatts of solar to 175 gigawatts of renewable capacity by 2022 and to 450 gigawatts of renewable capacity by 2030 and for decarbonizing electricity sector we need to limit the expansion of coal based electricity capacity but the problem is coal provides roughly 75 percent of electricity today and it supports the key sectors in economy hence decarbonizing the sector won't be an easy task therefore the first step in this direction can be pledging that India won't grow its coal fired power capacity beyond announced level and will reach peak coal electricity capacity by 2030 at the same time we should also strive to make the existing coal based generation more cleaner and efficient now such a commitment would encourage investors in renewable energy sector thus giving a scope for its full scale development also the phasing out of coal will reduce the air pollution and help in mitigating climate change now next the author says that we shall create a multi stakeholder just transition commission and it shall represent all levels of government and the affected communities to ensure decent livelihood opportunities beyond coal in India's coal belt and also it is necessary to ensure that the transition costs to a low carbon future should not fall on the backs of India's poor next comes a need for the existing problems in the power sector to be addressed and this includes poor finances and management of distribution companies etc and the most important step is India shall work on to become a leader in technologies of the future and in power sector this includes areas such as electricity storage smart grids and technologies that enable the electrification of other sectors such as transportation now in order to create employment and improve global competitiveness we may partner with the private sector and also use methods such as production linked incentives further decarbonizing electricity supply by enhancing the efficiency of electricity use is also important here we need to keep in mind the growing urbanization and increased energy consumption as we know cooling needs are expected to increase rapidly with rising incomes and temperature and as per the editorial air conditioners fans and refrigerators together consume about 60 percent of the electricity in households but most of the electric appliance sold in our market are not energy efficient say for example an average fan sold in Indian market consumes more than twice what an efficient fan does and it is about 35 percent more for an average refrigerator hence India should set aggressive targets for example 80 percent of air conditioner sales and 50 percent of fan and refrigerator sales in 2030 shall be in the most efficient bracket and this would reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and lower consume electricity bills as well and not just that India can also use this opportunity to become a global leader in production of clean appliances now we have a clear way forward for the power sector such a sector by sector approach shall be developed for other sectors as well in order to achieve net zero emissions without compromising on development and this will transform India's economic sectors and in fact make them more even more competitive and once this is done and the economy is in a path of transition then India can commit for timelines to achieve net zero emissions but before making such commitments India shall undertake detailed assessments of its development needs and low carbon opportunities in addition to that it shall also consider the possible pace of technological developments and a similar net zero targets of developed countries etc so it's time for India to develop a strategic roadmap to enhance in its own technology and manufacturing competence this is because there are geopolitical and geoeconomic risks associated with over dependence on certain countries for technologies or materials and to conclude the author says that an integrated approach rooted in our developmental needs and the climate mitigation needs will represent an ambitious forward-looking and results oriented India so with this we have come to the end of discussion of this particular topic let's move on to the next news article now look at this snippet it talks about the ysr zero interest crop loan scheme launched by the Andhra Pradesh chief minister and an amount of rupees 128.47 crore has been credited into the accounts of around 6.27 lakh farmers who had taken crop loan of up to 1 lakh and repaid the amount within the stipulated time so in this regard let's now see some relevant details about this zero interest crop loan scheme see the zero interest crop loan scheme for farmers is also called as ap ysr sunna vaddy punta runalu scheme now here this ysr refers to ys rajasekara ready the 14th chief minister of the indian state of Andhra Pradesh now under this zero interest crop loan scheme the government will provide interest subsidy on loans for crops see this scheme is one of the parts of the earlier launched ysr sunna vaddy padakam scheme which was designed for women self-help groups and in that particular scheme the Andhra Pradesh government had reimbursed the interest paid by the self-help groups on outstanding bank loan up to 3 lakhs now coming back as seen earlier this ysr sunna vaddy punta runalu scheme is a zero interest crop loan scheme for farmers and in this scheme the state government reimburses all the interests on the outstanding crop loans of those farmers who repay it on time and accordingly the state government has now released interest subsidy for the crop loans that were taken during the rabbi 2019 to 2020 season now let's see about the loan allotment criteria for this scheme know that the loans will be granted to the eligible farmers based on the e-crop data but however in the current exercise are even other eligible farmers have also been included the second loan allotment criteria is those farmers who have taken the loans of up to 1 lakh and repaid it in the given deadlines will get eligible for zero percent interest on the loan taken and also Andhra Pradesh state government has set up the Raitu Barosha Kendras in order to make this scheme more accessible to farmers see this RBKs or the Raitu Barosha Kendras are digital cures for farmers to know real-time market price and also to place orders now adding to this it will also be selling products that are tested packed and graded by the government and this entire scheme falls under the YSR Raitu Barosha scheme and this scheme is a umbrella scheme which also covers crop losses and insurance premiums along with interest-free crop loans with this let's move on to the next news article all right this take up is news article the news article mentions that the employee's provident fund organization has added approximately 70 lakh net subscribers during 2020 to 2021 financial year till February and this data was based on the provisional payroll data that was released by it now here the net subscribers include those who have joined for the first time and also those who existed and rejoined while switching jobs and the data about those who have joined for the first time reflects the number of new workers who joined the formal workspace and has for the release data this has reduced in February 2021 compared to January as you can see here so in this context let us discuss about EPFO see it is one of the world's largest social security organization and it is an autonomous body that comes under the administrative control of the ministry of labor and employment see the EPFO was established initially through an ordinance and then it was given a statutory backing through an act called employees provident funds act of 1952 note that currently this act is referred as a employees provident funds and miscellaneous provisions act of 1952 and it extends to the whole of India see the act was enacted to provide for the institution of provident funds for employees in factories and other establishment and for this purpose many schemes were framed under the act mainly three schemes which together provide a comprehensive retirement solution to enrolled members the first is the employment provident fund scheme of 1952 also called as the EPF scheme see it is a contributory provident fund scheme and it provides the accumulated amount plus interest after the retirement of the subscriber or upon his or her death and additionally it also provides partial withdrawals of the accumulated amount that is it provides advance amounts in case of exigencies such as for education marriage illness and also for house construction the next one is employees pension scheme of 1995 and this scheme provides lifelong pension to the member and family and the third comes the employees deposit linked insurance scheme of 1976 and this scheme offers insurance benefits to the kin or family members in case of the unfortunate death of a subscribed member now who administers all these schemes see the act along with the schemes are administered by a tripartite board known as a central board of trustees of the employees provident fund and this board consists of representatives from the central and state government and the representatives from employers and also employees now this is where the role of EPFO comes as it assists this body so EPFO also administers these schemes and its main duties are to secure compliance and to deliver timely benefits also additionally EPFO has a well equipped training set up wherein officers and employees of the organization and the representatives of the employers and employees attend sessions for trainings and seminars so with this information let's move into the next news discussion now let us take up this news article which talks about the directorate general of civil aviation allowing the Boeing 737 MAX 8S to overfly India now this comes as a move that will enable foreign carriers to operate the aircraft so in this context let us briefly understand about this Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft and also on the reason as to why it was banned in our country now firstly on talking about this Boeing 737 MAX it is a new family of twin engine aero body or single ale aircraft that was developed by Boeing and it was based on the world's best selling aircraft next generation 737 and the new range of aircraft is intended to deliver improved fuel efficiency for the customers in the single ale segment and it incorporates new winglet technology delivering her fuel burn advantage and it is also designed to improve the fuel efficiency of the airliners with 8 percent per seat advantage in comparison to other aircrafts in the single ale segment note that it is powered by the CFM international leap 1b engines now the specialty of this engine is that it reduces the carbon dioxide emissions by an additional 10 to 12 percent in comparison with existing fuel efficient single ale aircraft now let us see why this particular aircraft was banned see several aviation regulators around the world including the US federal aviation administration and the DGCA of India had ordered the grounding of this particular Boeing 737 MAX in the year 2019 and this happened in the wake of the crash of two new aircraft namely a lion air flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 within five months and during the investigation it was found that the main cause for both these plane accidents was a design flaw in the most modern jet liner see the latest model of this Boeing 737 is installed with mcas also called as maneuvering characteristics augmentation system see this mcas is responsible for pushing the nose of the aircraft down when it senses a high angle of attack that may result in an aircraft stall see if the nose of a plane is too high then the aircraft loses its speed and it is likely to enter a stall see stall is a state in which it loses flight and from the sky it can fall like a stone now this mcas has been designed in a way to prevent such an eventuality now when you take the two plane air crashes the problem was during the ascent the mcas falsely misread the plane's angle of attack and at first the plane knows down ultimately resulting in the crash however coming to the present now presently though this Boeing 737 MAX 8S is allowed to overfly India still it continues to be banned for commercial operations in the country due to its involvement in the above two air crashes our next news discussion will be based on this news article according to recent reports Russia is planning to pull out of ISS collaboration amid the rising tensions between Russia and USA so in this context it is known about the background of this move as well as about the international space station first it is known about ISS or the international space station see the idea of a space station was once a science fiction that was existing only in the imagination until it became cleared in the 1940s that construction of such a structure might be attainable and the first ruddy monthly station was created in 1969 by the linking of two russian Soyuz vehicles in space and this was followed by other stations and developments in space technology until the construction began on the ISS in 1998 see the international space station is a modular space station or a habitable artificial satellite in low earth orbit and it nearly took 10 years and more than 30 missions to assemble it now this ISS program is a multinational collaborative project between five participating space agencies which includes NASA from the US, Roscosmos from Russia, JAXA from Japan, ESA from Europe and the CSA from Canada see this ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program that was ever taken and also it is a result of unprecedented scientific and engineering collaboration among the five space agencies representing 15 countries see the space station is approximately the size of a football field a 406 ton permanently crewed platform that is orbiting 250 miles above the earth and it became fully operational in May 2009 when it began hosting a six-person crew and the six-person crew has typically consisted of three Russians two Americans and one astronaut from either Japan, Canada or the ESA now in this context Russia is planning to pull out of this rare collaboration between Russia and the West and also is planning to build its own space station by 2025 see Russia has got a glorious past when it comes to space history and this was evident when Russia became the first country to send a man to orbit but in recent times its space programs have lost sheen also Russia had monopoly in sending astronauts to ISS and recently that was broken by the SpaceX also remember it is said that the Russian government policies are focusing more on military technologies rather than space so with this information let's move on to the next news article now having done with all the above news articles let us now move on to the special article on civil services day since today that is the 21st of April is commemorated as a civil services day by the central government so let us now move on to the article see the central government observes April 21st as a civil services day it is seen as an occasion for civil servants to rededicate themselves to the cause of citizen and renew their commitments to public service and excellence in their work see it was on this day that in 1947 India's first home minister Vallabhai Patil had addressed the probationers of administrative services officers at the Metcalfe hours in New Delhi however it was only in 2006 the first civil services day was celebrated at Vigyan Bhavan at Delhi see this is a day to appreciate the tremendous work done by officers who engaged themselves in public administration in the various departments of central and state government also note that on national civil service day the prime minister's award for excellence in public administration are also presented now having that said let us take a moment and look into the contributions of Sardar Vallabhai Patil and the award presented on this day every year now firstly we will see about the award see the government of India has instituted the prime minister's award for excellence in public administration in the year 2006 and this award was instituted to acknowledge recognize and to reward the extraordinary and innovative work that is done by the districts and organizations of the central and state governments and the scheme was restructured in 2014 for recognizing the performance of district collectors and priority programs innovations and aspirational districts and the scheme has been restructured again in 2020 to recognize the performance of district collectors towards economic development of the district as well and in a sense the award is presented to recognize the exemplary efforts of the civil servants now coming to Sardar Vallabhai Patil Vallabhai Javarbhai Patil popularly known as Sardar Patil was born on October 1875 and he was a lawyer by degree and even after a flourishing experience at Ahmadabad Vallabhai Patil played a very great role in organizing a successful non-cooperation movement in Gujarat and he also played an important role in Keda Satyagraha and Bardoli Satyagraha as well and he also took active part in Dandi march note that he was elected as the president of congress in 1931 soon after independence as deputy prime minister and union home minister of India Sardar Patil united 565 princely states with a mainstream India after the british raj came to an end and this earned them the epithet the iron man of India and in 1991 Sardar Patil was conferred with posthumously Bharat Ratna for his great services towards the nation no doubt Sardar Patil left an indelible mark in Indian politics and as prime minister Nehru rightly said his name will live forever in history he is the architect of modern India so with this we have come to the end of today's news discussion let's move on to the discussion of the prelims practice question now look at this prelims question with reference to air bubble packed often say in our news consider the following statements statement one a temporary international bilateral agreement aimed at restarting commercial passenger services suspended in the wake of pandemic statement two it is signed between countries sharing international land border so which of the statements given about visa are incorrect now when you look at statement one you can find that it is correct now coming to statement two it is incorrect because there are no such specification for these packs if you consider india it is entered into air bubble arrangements with more than 25 countries that includes countries like usa canada etc which does not share international land border with india so therefore the right option is option b that is two only now look at this question sunna vaddi panter unalu scheme or zero interest crop loan scheme that is seen in the news recently is introduced by which of the following statement see this is a factual question based on a discussion and we know that the right answer is option a that is antra pradesh now consider the following schemes employees provident fund scheme national pension scheme employees pension scheme employees deposit linked insurance scheme which of the above is or are administered by the employees provident fund organization and the right option is option d see this employees provident fund organization was launched in 2004 with an objective to provide retirement income to all the citizens and it is a pension come investment scheme which brings an attractive long-term saving avenue to effectively plan your retirement through safe and regulated market based return and it is regulated by the pension fund regulatory and development authority which comes under the ministry of finance also its beneficiaries include any employee from public private and unorganized sec and the right answer is option d that is one three and four only now which of the following is correct with reference to maneuvering characteristics argumentation system or mca is recently seen on news so from the four options we can conclude that option a is the right answer because as seen in the discussion it is a flight control law that is implemented to improve aircraft handling characteristics so therefore the right answer is option a now with reference to international space station consider the following statements statement one it is a joint effort of space agencies of usa russia india and esa statement it was constructed 1978 and statement three the iss is fully automated that it doesn't have a crew stationed at all times when you look at statement one it is incorrect because the indian space agency was not a part of the iss making mission and when you look at second statement this is also incorrect because it started its construction in 1998 only so this statement is also wrong now coming to third statement see although it has a high degree of automation iss is a permanent crew typically consisting of three russians two americans and one astronaut from japan canada or europe so this statement is also wrong and since the question asked to identify the incorrect statement the right option is option d that is all the above now with reference to sardar vallabai partil consider the following statements he was the first home minister of india his role in bardoli satyagraha earned him the title sardar which of the statement given above is a r incorrect see sardar vallabai partil was a deputy prime minister as well as the home minister and in his capacity of home minister he played an important role in uniting india that was fragmented in pieces after british ref therefore statement one is correct statement two is also correct because partil took an active part in 1928 bardoli satyagraha which was a part of civil disobedience movement and partil was an exemplary commander of his nonviolent army in bardoli and a large number of women also took active part in the movement and in fact it was these women who gave partil the moniker sardar so this statement is also right and and since the question wants us to identify the incorrect statement the answer is option d that is neither one nor two the list of main's practice questions is displayed here you can write your answers and post them in the comment section below and with this we have come to the end of today's india news analysis so if you like the video don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankarae's academy youtube channel for more updates regarding upsc civil services preparation