 Afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to take you on a journey through North and Europe to explore what climate adaptation strategies and measures could mean to protect historic places from the impact of climate change for many non-protector. The project is undertaking as part of a DAPNOLVA heritage project for the North, and funded by the North Preferent Arctic Programme. And I'm working here with colleagues from Iceland, Ireland, and Scotland, Norway, and Sweden, and Russia. And specifically for this presentation, I would like to acknowledge my colleagues from Riksantikvall, Riksantikvall-Yemvedet, and Minister of the Eastlands, and the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research. I myself work for Historic Environment Scotland, and that's the public body for the historic environment Scotland. We are quite unique in the European context in that we are not only managing a designation and heritage protection system, but we're also looking after 336 historic sites spread across Scotland, as you can see on the map here. Plus, we undertake research. We do archaeological recording, and we do outreach into training courses. And as part of our research, we're participating in DAPNOLVA heritage. I would like to introduce the project briefly to you, including a lot of different structure and activities. But then we can focus on the adaptation planning guidance we are developing as part of this project. And to do that, I'm going to show you 10 sites in Northern Europe and outline how I could see, how we could categorize through these different approaches to adaptation strategies. The project itself aims at helping communities and local governments to explore what climate change could mean for the sites they're looking after and help them to plan for the adaptation of their sites or protecting these sites to climate change impacts. And the project runs for three years until 2020. And it's funded by the European Union, Iceland, and Norway through their Interact Program for the Northern periphery at Arctic, as well as the four project partners that have mentioned us. But actually, our consortium is much bigger because 15 partners spread across Northern Europe, ranging from local governments to national bodies like the story of the Department of Scotland, but also small-scale community organizations and universities. Equally, our online case studies are spread across the Northern Europe. I should say that the case studies you see here, the examples you see in our journey in a minute, are not just project case studies, so I'm widening the scope a little bit here. And the outputs are threefold. We are developing guidance, a tool to help communities assess their places and then start planning and effect their conservation. We try to demonstrate these tools at nine case studies that will hopefully lead to action plans in the end. And last but not least, we help setting up a community network so that people can share their ideas, learn from each other. We've finished the first year of our project already, and that was focused on developing guidance on how to assess climate change impacts for our place. And we've been busy this summer trialing our nine case studies and this guidance working with local communities. What I want to focus on in the next couple of slides is our adaptation guidance we are developing and then our forthcoming year. And of course, we will factor in the climate change impacts that we like to include in this also discussion about uncertainties and time horizons. Surely, culture significance and the condition of a placeful feature, but we're also keen on understanding what the socioeconomic value of a place is and how that would factor into a feasibility study for adaptation strategies. But in the following, I would like to concentrate on adaptation strategies and explore how we can group them, categorize them. And for that, I would like to propose four domains. And firstly, we could look at activities. So where are we in the planning or understanding process of the place and the impacts it will most likely receive? Is there a concept of strategy from the usual maintenance to altering a place, to managing damage or loss or maybe to doing nothing, which might also be a strategy? There's certainly a spatial component to it. Are we changing or are we doing something to the actual historic place or to the wider environment? Or maybe are we transferring something into the digital space? And of course, we also will look at that temporal context. Our measures implemented at Hock was the long-term planning. But at the start of our journey in Ireland, on the southwest coast of Ireland, Dingle Peninsula, with Don Beck Ford in County Kerry, which has unfortunately seen two quite dramatic cliff collapses, which have taken down quite a bit of this promontory fort. One was in 2014, the last in January this year, always connected to winter storms, to the degree that the fort is now no longer accessible and most likely will no longer be accessible in the future. Despite the Office of Public Works maintaining the fort, it has not been possible to stabilize the site. I would like to mention the cherished project in this context, a sister project in the Interac Project family, which is conducting or which has carried out lighter scanning at the site, which not only documents the site but also helps us to understand how the process of erosion is taking place. And the cherished project as well as a colleague of mine will present tomorrow at the session already mentioned on climate change. So if you want to learn more about this, please come tomorrow. Moving on to Scotland, to Abigail D. Castle, 16th century castle on the river D, which you can just see in the foreground. The castle is listed, but so is the iron bridge going over the river here. And that was the situation in 2015 when the river suddenly burst in its banks and took away all the fallen, all the embankment quite surprisingly, nobody expected that. So here's an example of a situation where we didn't anticipate such a huge impact and had to very rapidly come up with the solution to protect the castle. It has to be privately owned, so it was also an issue of who would do the work would fund this. You can at the bottom right of the picture just see the remains of the bridge. This little up to anything is all that is left. Moving on northwards into Norway, into the Arctic Ocean, on the island of Svobod, they have a long history of mining, coal mining, where they took the coal out of the mountains and transported it through an aerial cableway system to the shoreline and built most of the timber in a climate which was very cold and had permafrost to an area which is now experiencing the largest increases in temperature worldwide. So how are we going to protect this heritage? It's one of our case studies in the Dappelgarten heritage where we're working with the virtual authority to understand to what degree can we actually save these places? I mean, it's a huge cultural landscape. We will be able to save everything or do we concentrate on certain parts? So we are looking at our project here to develop a longer term strategy. Further south of Norway, another case study of our project is Ordinus Historic Farmstead. And sitting on a mountain slope and just off a fjord. It's timberlocked buildings. And they always have had problems with insect infestation, particularly woodworm. But we think that we can experience an increase of this woodworm possibly due to higher temperatures. And so they have already a strategy of repairing, continuous repairing these buildings. But we would like to understand better what that will mean with climate projections. Can we sustain that into the future? Are there better ways maybe of repairing these buildings? Back in Scotland, at the time, controversial measure was housing in Pictish stone, a highly decorative calf, Pictish stone in Murray in northern Scotland, Svenderson, which experienced the decoration was fading due to weathering. But we also had problems with vandalism. And the decision was taken to keep it standing in its context, so not removed and running to a museum, but to protect it with a glass shutter that was in 2004. And it's a longer term project for us because we're also constantly monitoring the environment conditioned inside. And it seems to be working quite well. And last Christmas, it's actually protected the stone from vandals, the glass was smashed, but the stone survived. And we've also done lots of recording here, which is actually quite interesting in this context because we've got old records as well, so we can compare the digital recording to historic drawings. Another project we're at Northern Harwich is a cherish of working together alongside East Balance Gaelics. We're back on the Kareg-Holstein Island. And it's a historic graveyard with an abbey ruin. And this place has simply survived. The Office of Public Works in Ireland has put a massive, really massive concrete seawall along the shore of this place. And the ruin itself is very well protected. This is very well maintained and repaired. And nonetheless, the sea has a huge impact on the site and throwing literally storms, throwing boulders onto the site, smashing graves and dislocating grave slabs, just as to get an idea of the power of the sea at this place. The good news is, climate projections say there will be less storms. The bad news, they're going to get strong. So how do we adapt this site? What future? I should mention that Cherish has also done digital recording of the site here. My colleague, Mairi Davies, will talk tomorrow more about our risk screening, most coastal risk, the flooding risk, and landslides at our own estate of historic buildings at Historic Mountain Scotland. Scarabrae is one of our prime sites on the Orkney Islands and discovered during a storm, when a storm washed away, a sand dune in the 1850s, I think. So the story goes. And the small numbers, which what you normally see on the website, if you scroll through better pictures you actually see, there's also a big concrete seawall, which is what protects the site. And so it's a quite a big effort for us to keep the site as it is. And our own digital team is doing site recording there to understand how the coastline is changing, not just the seawall, but also the surrounding areas. So again, the longer term approach to the management of the site. I've put on the Coffinstone also in Scotland near Glasgow as an example of Burrio. And the big photograph you see here in black and white is the storm of the 1930s with rock carvings. It's a rock alt crop with prehistoric rock carvings. And the rock carvings are here highlighted with paint so you can see them better. But this storm was actually protected in the 1960s and it was simply buried. They just put lots of earth on the top of it and it was completely overgrown. So a few people knew where it was, but that was a way of protecting it from the weather, but also in this case from vandalism again. It was excavated last year and just for a couple of days. So if you knew about it, if you were lucky you could pop by and actually visit the storm and the purpose was to record it so to get a record which you could make visible for people once this re-buried. And it's now overgrown again. So an interesting approach for me because in Scotland we often think that we need to present our heritage to the public but by showing it physically. And here we are actually hiding it away but they're not protecting it. Back in Svobod, so I'm jumping across the North and South a bit. I'm now going to relocation. It's a nice project of the governor of Svobod and hunting station, Fredham, which was very, very close to the sea or as he was encroaching and coming closer and closer. So they started lifting the buildings one by one and moved them further inland. Thinking back to the mining heritage of Svobod, yes, you can move these houses but would you be able to move the mining heritage inland? Would you lose context? And lastly, an example from the north of Sweden and where we're working with the Sina project, another Intrak NPA project. And the town of Vorgård on Little Food Islands is normally thought of as the first city of north and Norway and dated to medieval times. And as you see here in the photo, you don't see a city. It's long gone despite the fishing heritage having survived for quite a long time. And the project here Sina project wants to bring back this heritage using digital technology. So we're bringing back something which is lost or might be lost as an approach to deal with the impact on the site. Sorry, going out of the way. So to summarize the project that Northern Heritage develops guidance for assessing and adapting or planning the adaptation of historic places can be try and demonstrate these guidance at site-specific actual plans for 9K studies. And we created a platform for stakeholders to engage. In this presentation, I was particularly looking at the topologies for adaptation strategies and trying to reflect what activities and strategies could mean in that context and what spatial and temporal situations are. And if you can think of anything I've missed, I've got examples of adaptation strategies I would love to hear from you. Thank you.