 Mangrove ecosystems dominate the coastal wetlands of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. They provide various ecological and economical ecosystem services contributing to coastal erosion protection, water filtration, provision of areas for fish and shrimp breeding. Mangroves belong to the most threatened and vulnerable ecosystems worldwide and experienced a dramatic decline during the last half century. This article was authored by Stefan Deck, Stefan Gebhardt, Claudia Kunzer, and others.