 Contrary to what some people say, cooperation is succeeding in the Arctic. We're seeing continued cooperation on fisheries management between Norway and Russia, which is preserving the stock of fish in the Barents Sea. We're seeing cooperation on search and rescue between Russia and the United States, which is saving lives in the Barents Sea. We are seeing no armed conflict and only a small degree of military buildup, where in contrast, if cooperation was failing, we might see armed conflict. We might see significant military buildup. One thing that could make it collapse would be if Arctic governments failed to realize the importance and the potential for continued and increased cooperation. The other thing, of course, is that we could see a breakdown if there were armed conflict between NATO countries and Russia, let's say in the Ukraine or in Syria. If that were to happen, it would be difficult to contain. Hopefully it won't happen. I have several hopes for this conference. One is that the AHU's declaration that Professor Michiel Bos and I released about Hans Island will be taken up by the governments of Denmark and Canada. And I hope more broadly that this conference will provide some very serious social science and natural science exchanges on developments in the Arctic because of course understanding is the key to good decision making.