 now we are going to discuss attributes and functions of buying organization a retail organization ke andar buying is one of the backbone of a retailer jaha par uski strengths, operations hai, vaha par uski backbone buying hai so buying organization is the key in a retail function a wo buying organization ke kya attributes hai, usse kya functions hai let me take you through one by one usse pehle hai, the attributes and functions of buying organization ko if I see, so aap ke saamne, yeh ek khupsuraat sa diagram mojood hai which will explain you ke kya kya attributes hai or what functions they are involved and that is pertaining to buying organization so usse pehle hai, we will see ke level of formality kya hai how formal is that buying organization usme degree of centralization kitni hai either it is a centralized or de-centralized organization organizational ki breath kitni hai, personal resources kaun se hai, internal, external hai, kaun kaun se functions performed kya jata hai staffing kesthuri keshi ho ki so usse pehle, agar main baat kartha ho level of formality ki to ek retail organization ke andar jo usse pehle baat observe ki jati hai wo yeh ki define ki jati hai with respect to its functions kya either it is a formal organization or it is an informal organization to agar wo properly define ki gaye ho gha proper structure define kya gya ho gha starting from the top goes up till the bottom to then it is a kind of formal organization aur agar generally task assign kye gaye hoonge so then it is a kind of informal buying organization informal buying organizations ke andar there can be one or two resources but there is not a particular set organization define jo ke design karta hai ke ka aapka organization as a retail store buying organization is a formal organization or as an informal organization isi tari kese degree of centralization to aapki jo organization hai buying organization, retailer ki jo buying organization hai kya wo centralized hai ya wo decentralized hai to agar wo centralized hai iska matlab ye hai agar aapke retailer ke stores ek se zyada hai so hun tamam stores ki procurement unki buying kisi ek jaga se ki jati hai which means there is a headquarter aur there is a regional office that regional office is responsible to procure for all stores that is centralized approach aur decentralized approach ke andar kya ho gha aur normally in those cases ke andar jaha par shop ka honor kud hi buy kar raha hota hai it is a decentralized approach ya ek retailer her store ke andar apni procurement khut karta hai jo ke decentralized approach ke lati hai ke jaha pe store responsible hai khut se apni buying organization ka where the retailer is also where the store is also responsible to buy for the goods which he is looking for centrally marriage nahi ho ghi decentralized tari ke se ho ghi then operational breadth kithni hai important point hai buying organization ke perspective mein general ya specialized jab aap generally organizational breadth ki baat keringe so ye istharaan ke retail stores hai ke jaha par honor itself ek hi shakse hai aur wo tamam buying ka responsible hai khud hi buy karta hai supplier se khud hi manage karta hai tamam negotiations ko khud hi manage karta hai tamam assortment matters ko pricing matters ko promotional matters ko to ye general type of organization hota hai general type of buying organization hota hai agar specialized ki baat keringe to ye wo retailers hai jinn ki specialized teams hai specialized buyers hai who are responsible for all this assortment management category management and all these tasks so specialized agar team ho ghi other than the individual jokhe generally general organization ka issa hai to ye amare paas organizational breadth ko show karta hai pheer jo resources hai aap ke paas the personnel you have either they have internal resources they are external resources resident buying office ya cooperative buying to ki structure ko ki format ko we are following agar to jo resources hai they are from the internally from the organizations or their resources jokhe externally aap ne kisi ka saath contract ki aap hai 3rd party payroll ke upar hai ya you have a resident buying office ya normally ek aur behavior na deka hai jisko aap pool buying bhi kate hain ki group buying bhi kate hain ki group ke li buying kar li jaati hai they are normally through the buying houses pheer cooperative buying ka concept bhi hai again ka aap cooperative buying ke concept ko par to work out nahi kar rahe hain agar kar rahe hain so which means aap ka model jo hai personnel resources ke andar would be cooperative buying pheer hain baat karthe hain functions performed ki ke wo buying organization kisi function ko perform kari hai kya wo sif merchandising function ko dekh rahe hai ya wo buying function ko bhi dekh rahe hai to iss role ko abhi aap detail se anewali slides ke andar discuss bhi karte hain ke kya functions wo buying organization perform kari hai it is very important agar wo sif buying ka function kar rahe hai to usme kaun kaunsi cheez hain jo cover ongi kaun kaunse aspects hain jo cover onge aur agar wo merchandising ka role bhi kar rahe hain wo organization iska madhla bhi hai ke wo usme kaunse ase jobs kaunse ase tasks hain jo ke wo retailer karega aur phe last jo attribute humare paas hai that is related to stuffing to jo stuffing hain either they are the people are only buyers aur the sales managers jisko normally field operations manager bhi kaha jata ya field manager bhi kaha jata hain aur phear uske baad jo humare paas buyers hai but they are actually for merchandising iss tarha ke log ko retail organization ke andar merchandisers ya merchandising manager bhi kaha jata hain because they are the they are the person who are buyers but they are responsible for merchandising to hum discuss karte hain aap sabse pehle functions ke aspect mein aur usse pehle aap dekthe hain to Walmart ki example yaha given hain because Walmart jis model ko follow karta hain wo model hain inside buying organization ka which means they have inside organization buying organization they are developed in organization buying organization jo ke tamam Walmart ke stores ke liye procurement karte hain buying karte hain buying karte hain ab hum discuss karne lagin hain functions ke perspective mein to functions of that particular buying organization hum ne do perspective discuss kiye hain aek perspective hain merchandising view aur dosra perspective hain buying view to sab se pehle discuss karte hain merchandising view ko jab merchandising view ki baat karenge to all buying and selling functions are part of merchandising view yani ke yaha par jo buying organization hain they are responsible for buying function as well as selling function ab starting from the assortment then advertising and display your POS display wo pere skilawa aap ke employee ke utilization aap ke personnel ke selling approach everything is included as part of merchandising view jo ke yaha par dono buying function and selling function are included agar mein baat karte hain buying view ki yani ke jo organization ke jaha pe function is buying view yani focus on buying is taha ki organizations ke jo buyers hain wo buying ko manage krte hain kya kya options maujude hain buying advertising and they are responsible for pricing so all kind of negotiations are part of buying functions basic promotions they are part of buying function leke agar baat karenge sales function ki wo buying view ke nahi nazar aega ke case ke jaha pe buying view wo yaha par jo in store personnel hain they manage all other functions jisko baat krte hain either it is point of sale display wo baat krte hain staff ki utilization wo baat krne personal selling approaches yaha baat karenge assortment in the store management ki selling ke buying function wo manage nahi karenge then wo tasks which are merchandising versus store management ke career tracks in the staffing perspective this is an important point there are two types of tracks which are following in a buying organization if it is a merchandising track to a buying organization to top ke would be the merchandising manager and then would be buyer then would be associate buyer assistant buyer or buying specialist and so on so merchandising track starting top is merchandising manager because buying and selling both functions are manager if we talk about store management track assistant store manager in the same way sales manager and then assistant sales manager normally a track starting point would be assistant or the supervisory level and goes up till the store general manager or the divisional manager level so retail buying organization when we talk about attributes or functions so we cover almost every single aspect beshak wo merchandising wo selling view buying view beshak wo formal organization informal organization beshak wo centralized wo decentralized wo so we have to keep all factors into consideration before defining our complete retail model