 Nanotechnology has emerged strongly in many fields of science, with atoms and molecules working differently at a tiny scale. Applications include pharmaceutical nanocarriers which can be designed to meet specific objectives. Characterizing these nanocarriers is important for controlling their desired behavior in vitro and in vivo. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, photon, correlation spectroscopy, colloidal stability testing, data potential measurement, differential scanning calorometry, cell uptake studies, and confocal microscopy are used to assess particle size, morphology, surface charge, and other characteristics. Additionally, bio-distribution studies and intracellular uptake and sub-cellular localization tests can be performed to confirm the effectiveness of the nanocarrier. This article was authored by Oplash K. Jain and Shuresh the Rager.