 Today, in surprisingly connected etymologies, we're getting our daily serving of vegetables. Have you ever read a brochure about broccoli? Me neither, but etymologically it would be appropriate. Both words come from Latin brocus, meaning projecting or pointed, which may have been borrowed from a Gaulish word related to Gaelic brawg, meaning all. Broccoli comes from the way the shoots look, and brochure is in reference to the way the pages were stitched together in early brochures. Oh, and another related food word is brochette from the French for skewer. What's the connection between cauliflower and a whole? Etymology. Cauliflower comes from Italian cavoli fiori, cabbage flowers, from Latin callus cabbage and floss flour. Latin callus originally meant stem, specifically a hollow stem, from the Proto-Indo-European root cal, cover or conceal, which also led to the English words whole and hollow, following the standard Germanic sound change in which initial k becomes h, part of what's called Grimm's law. Yes, as in the brother's Grimm, because Jacob Grimm was a linguist, as well as a collector of folktales. By the way, the first part of cauliflower is also related to the first part of coleslaw, and the word kale. Note that those words have the k sounds since they too were borrowed from Latin callus instead of coming through a Germanic root, and that's no folktale. This next one is particularly apt for a discussion of word origins. A radish is a root, and etymologically, this is true as well. Radish comes from Latin radix root, which in turn comes from the pie root rad, branch root, which through the Germanic branch of languages, passing through Old Norse, wrote root, and characteristically losing the w before r, as is typical in Scandinavian languages, replacing the old English form wirt root herb plant, which survives in plant names like St. John's wort, gives us the word root. Radical, dude. If you've ever mixed up the words carrot, the vegetable, and carrot, the measure of the fineness of gold or weight of diamonds, don't be embarrassed, because it turns out they're related. Carrot can be traced back through French and Latin to the Greek word caroton, from the pie root care horn, which indeed gave us the word horn, with the same k to h sound change we saw in cauliflower, because the carrot is shaped like a horn. Also because of its horn-like shape, the related word in Greek keration referred to the seed pod of the carob tree. This Greek word passed into Arabic as kerat, where it came to be used as a small unit of weight, one carob seed equals one kerat, and from that we eventually get the English word carrot, as used by jewelers. And finally, it's Halloween and a little costumed witch comes to your door. Do you give them candy or vegetables? Vegetables, of course, because you know your etymology. Although the etymology of witch from Old English Witcher is not entirely certain, it may well come from the pie root wegg, to be strong or lively, through Germanic wikias, necromancer, from the idea of waking the dead. And this same root, coming through Latin, gives us vegetable, literally something that is alive. Thanks for watching. This is one in a series of occasional short videos about connected etymologies. To see more, you can also follow the endless knot on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram.