 Well, in this module, we are going to discuss digestion in eugenium and helium as a separate, as a complete topic. Eugenium is the second part of a small intestine. The first part is the eugenium. And then it becomes continuous with the helium part. So these two parts, that is the eugenium and helium, are in that part of the intestine where complete digestion or absorption occurs. So this is why these are very important parts of the intestine. And this eugenium that makes about two-fifths of the small intestine. And if two-fifths of the small intestine, if it is seven meters, then its two-feet fifth, that will constitute the eugenium. And the lower, that is three-fifths, that makes the helium. And helium then is open in this large intestine. And that is through a colloid, that is a heliocolic sphincter. Because what is a sphincter? A sphincter is a gate of muscles. When they contract, the gate is closed, the opening is closed. When they relax, that is it opens. And the partly-digested food that escapes through the small intestine into then the large intestine. The main function of the eugenium is the absorption, in fact. That is the absorption of important nutrient sugars, that is fatty acids and amino acids. Because the food coming from the eugenium is not completely digested. Here digestion is also happening and also absorption is also happening. The nutrients which are absorbed by eugenium, that is entered in the bloodstream and in the region of the eugenium. There are many, there is the microvilli and then through which there is absorption of these products of digestion, that is, they occur. And once these products of digestion, they are absorbed in blood and then they will be transported to each and every part of the body. That is from the brain to the toe. So this is something that is the food for the cells. The food that the cells get is achieved in the same simple form. Because cells from the brain do not absorb any large molecules, such as protein or starches. These products of digestion will be absorbed in it. And then there is a new machinery in the cell, like we call it glycolysis, creps cycle and energy production. The food which escapes undigested, that is from the eugenium, is completely digested in eugenium and helium. And when we say that there is complete digestion, that means enzymes are present there. So these enzymes, obviously they will attack the substrates to form the final product. And in this part, in the part of the helium, there is no bigger molecule or undigested molecule. All the food that is completely digested. And the enzymes that have been worked out here are polypeptide days. And what it does is its substrate, that is polypeptides, and its products, they are dipeptides. Then there is the erypsin, which is dipeptides, which are dipeptides and complete in amino acids. When the proteins are converted into amino acids, there is no further digestion. Then there is metabolism. Now fats, they are attacked by the lipases in fatty acids and glycolysis. Maltose, for which the enzyme is maltase and converts into glucose. Then for lactose, the enzyme is lactase and glucose and in galactose, it is conversion. So these are the products of digestion. Now the enzymes which complete the distro process are not secreted into the lumen of the intestine. This is very important. Generally, we say that enzymes are produced or they attack the food. But enzymes do not directly enter the lumen or mix with food. In fact, these enzymes get molecules, they get entangled in the microvilli of the cells. In the microvilli, the cells are entangled in the membrane and are embedded in the lumen. And the molecule, for example, maltose, will come to that enzyme and it will convert it into glucose. So in a sense, this is a very important thing to understand this process of digestion. Otherwise, there is so much wastage of enzymes that it becomes difficult to produce enzymes for the cell. So the enzymes are entangled in different regions. So the substrate comes there, like the protein of enzymes is mixed. Parastalsis or segmentation is happening, food is moving. So the substrates come in contact with the enzyme and it is converted into products of digestion. And then it is absorbed. In fact, these final processes take place in the membranes of the microvilli of the epithelial mucosa because the enzymes are located within the cell membranes. So this is what we discussed. The end products of digestion are then liberated, that is, into the lumen. When it is digested, products of digestion are formed and then they move freely in the lumen and then they will be absorbed. On the way to bloodstream, it is obvious that they pass through the villi. If there is no villi in the bloodstream, because there is blood supply, most of the blood supply is absorbed through the villi. Now the function of the lumen is mainly to absorb vitamin B12. There are bile salts and any products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jujnum. And this lumen further finalizes its absorption process. This diagram, as we are already familiar with, is shown by the duodenum, jujnum and lumen. So these are the different parts. And this is the small intestine part. In this slide, we can see that this is a transfer section. In fact, this is a diagram and a diagrammatic representation of these two parts, a jujnum and then a lumen. And the wall is the same structure. If there is mucosa in it, then there is mucosa in it too. And if there are muscles in it, then there are muscles in it too. But the only difference is that the jujnum, in fact, its diameter is a bigger one so that there is more and more microvilli and that absorptive area becomes more. Whereas in the lumen, this is the completion and relatively its caliber, its diameter is relatively smaller. And the rest of the things, you can see that these are the convolutions and this again to increase the surface area. And this is relatively less so that it has to be finalized and relatively less products of digestion which are to be absorbed. And this is relatively less. So this is all about. That is the digestion in jujnum and the lumen. So this is all about.