 Greetings, brothers and sisters. We are the El Society. We are the Linux Society. We are here in Berlin to enjoy and learn from each other, and to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Linux. We are in 2016, and by now, even EvilCorp has gone open source. No longer is source code secretly controlled by monster conglomerates. We all have the freedom to contribute to it and to use it. Brothers and sisters, we have won. Thank you. Good morning. So open source is mainstream now. This is total world domination. Okay, maybe not in desktop, but today we're probably selling more Android devices than laptops. So if ever there was a need to hide in the past, there's no such need anymore. Let's remove those masks. For those of you who don't know that, this was not the anonymous. It was Mr. Robot. I hope that some of you know that TV show. If not, it's worth a try. So this is about a group of hackers called the El Society, deleting and destroying all data and backups from EvilCorp, a gigantic company controlling everything behind its closed doors. It's very exciting to be here with all of you because not only are we out in the open, but open source is seen as a technology saviour. That's why companies have been embracing it because they have to remain viable. Linux is 25 years old with even older relatives such as free software and we've been celebrating its anniversary for the past few weeks. So besides eating cakes, drinking and singing, what are people doing when celebrating anniversaries? Well, they might watch with nostalgia some old family pictures. At least that's what all people tend to do. And as much as I'm fooling myself pretending still to be young, I was already 14 in 1991. Just out of curiosity in the room, if you're not 25 years old yet, could you please applaud and make some noise? Okay, so I'm in the old guys category. It's good to see so many fresh faces. You will also get old. I recognize a few faces on that picture. We have our Suzer President of Engineering, Ralph Flaxa, wearing a German purple shirt. And you should know who the guy in the middle is, obviously. And please, let's not comment on how bodies have changed over 25 years because making fun of people of physical appearance is prohibited, rightly so, by the Linux Foundation Code of Conduct. So while we cannot make fun of Ralph's body, we can still make fun of his shirt, I guess. But another thing old guys tend to do when celebrating anniversaries is remembering what happened back then. In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee presented the first website and web server using HTTP running on the next computer. And what you see on the screen is how that website was rendered in 1992 using a line-mode browser. 25 years later, it's very interesting to see how Linux, the World Wide Web and Apache have grown up closely together supporting each other along the way. In 1991, I was 14. I was coding for a while already trying to animate real-time graphics on Motorola 68000 CPU-based computers. But unfortunately, I did not have the talent of some of the people who were able to break the official vendor limitations of the hardware by rendering a resolution full-screen on Atari ST, for instance, tricking the refresh rates of the monitor and other hacks. And those genius developers, they were not only doing that for fun. A few of them produced some of the best-viewed video games at the time, all alone by themselves, with no team, no colleagues. The two guys on the pictures are Eric Chahi, who created another world, also known as all of these worlds in the US. And Jordan Mechner, who developed Prince of Persia and even released the Apple II source code and GitHub about five years ago. Now, today, it takes hundreds and hundreds of developers to produce AAA games, and they rely on dozens of SDKs and libraries to avoid reinventing the wheel and speed up the production process. It seems that unlike 25 years ago today, no matter how great a game developer is, it cannot make a big impact on the world as those guys used to do. At 25 years old, neurologists say that our brains make a big leap in maturity. The prefrontal cortex then becomes free operational, which helps us focus, make more logical decisions, make more complex plans, be more organized, and be more disciplined. In our youth, that is the youth of open source, a single developer could do amazing, impulsive things in solitude. Now, at 25, we're also maturing. We, too, are more focused. We, too, can make more complex plans come to life. We've become more organized and we're getting more and more disciplined. This level of maturity leads us to collaborate more together to achieve great things, and we are not unique in that. It's true of other sciences and other industries. In 2006, Linus Torvald said, I often compare open source to science, to where science took this notion of developing ideas in the open and improving on other people's ideas and making it into what science is today and the incredible advances that we have had. And I compared that to witchcraft and alchemy, where openness was something you didn't do. This illustrates how science has achieved amazing things and keeps improving our lives and societies, because it's open. Now, looking back a few centuries ago, before science was fully mature, before they had the Internet and GitHub, some individual bright minds active in poetry, philosophy, and other arts and domains could cover most of their contemporary knowledge. These were seen as men who knew it all. People like Aristotle, Roger Bacon, Da Vinci, Kepler, Humboldt, and a lot of others. Ironically, the meeting room that Souza is using here at LinuxCon is called Humboldt. So if ever you manage to know everything, your name might end up on the door of a meeting room. But that's quite unlikely to happen, because the last man who knew everything has likely lived in between 1700 and 1900. Today, no one would seriously claim to be the best world expert in multiple domains at once, like architecture, painting, and coding, for instance. In fact, most of us agree that no adults are tedious. Or as Isaac Asimov said, those people who think they know everything are a great annoyance to those of us who do. So since most of the brains in this room are mature already, you've probably already concluded this. It seems that the future of open source is about contributing together more and more so that we can achieve more and more complex challenges. We should try to scale our individual brains into a much more larger, collective, connected, and functional brain. Superheroes tend to agree with us. They tell us the same thing. Traditionally, lone wolves, heroes got tired and eventually found out that they couldn't save the day on their own. So what have they done? They called their peers to team up. And yes, they are going through superhero civil wars as we've been through flame wars ourselves. But at the end of the day, they are just stronger together, more powerful than the sum of their parts. In our community too, we have gone from individual mighty herds to groups of Avengers. So fortunately or not, depending on how much you like communicating with your fellow human beings, we have to work more and more together to keep fixing more and more challenging problems. So it might raise a sensitive question, possibly even a cliche, but which might still be worth thinking about. Would we rather have genius developers with limited social skills or average developers with good communication and social skills? Well, I believe, and that's only my humble opinion, no company position whatsoever, I believe that genius developers cannot be replaced, even by hordes of guys. Volume and quantity cannot always compensate for bright ideas from single minds. But of course, those bright minds cannot be left alone. They should not stay isolated themselves because it does not scale, because it's suboptimal for efficiency of projects, not alone cross-project activities that we need more and more. And there's even a risk to lose the bright ideas if the genius guys are hit by a bus. So we need to make sure that even the most totally introverted person who avoids social interaction is integrated in our community where ease or input can be used. Now of course, this is a non-binary dichotomy because luckily human nature is more complex than that. Also, as Jim mentioned on Wednesday, by working together we improve our own as well as other people's skills and our projects and communities are much more balanced than such a black and white question. So that's true that open source as well, we are mainstream, it doesn't mean we should just stop caring now and let things go by themselves because there are endless examples in history of great concepts that have been misused and banned for complying with individual goals, ultimately corrupting if not destroying completely the concepts most of the time. We are seeing mass adoption of open source from former proprietary businesses as well as well, sorry, as most of the new startups which is really great. But deviating open source values to accommodate for short term return on investment via software licensing or with building somewhat full closed stack locking in customers and users is not the solution. It's been tried, it does not work and it's not what we want. Linux is 25 years old, it has matured, it has generated a lot of children more or less directly, we have to take care of the whole family at best. So now that the open source doors are open to large blue skies, let's make sure that we limit to the bare minimum what could obstruct those doors. First, obviously, it should be about contributing or about consuming only. But it should also be not only simply contributing but contributing in a constructive and healthy way by building and empowering communities rather than having them controlled or managed directly by companies. It should be about companies contributing as peers with other companies and individuals to solve both short and long term generic goals rather than trying to address specific corporate requirements to try building unique selling points or to try to differentiate from the so-called competition. This all leads to fragmentation, this all leads to vendor locking. Taking Sousa as an example, open source values always came first in the past. And I can say that with a sense of humility and neutrality because I was not there, I just joined very recently and that's actually one of the main reasons why I've joined. Now it does not stop, we are constantly and continuously planning to do with open source values as prerequisite. It has to be open source, it has to be about projects and communities first, it has to be about opening up to partners and individuals to overall aim at being a responsible corporate open source contributor and that no matter which company you work for. Simply having the code available is not enough to ensure long term viability of open source. We are working on fostering inclusive environments where everyone can contribute so that the open source momentum continues and grows for the next decades to come. Last but not least we need to keep having fun in doing that together and that's not a demand I'm making to all of you but more an invitation. A reference that illustrates that and because I'm French as you should have noticed by now comes from the great novel by Alexandre Dumas, the Three Musketeers. All for one and one for all united we stand, divided we fall. So open source has guided us along the way as it has matured we have to stay true to it. Precisely what got us here is that transparency, openness and collaboration we need to keep contributing and collaborating in really open ways even though grids may tempt a few to diverge from that trajectory. To conclude let's have final words from our friends at the L Society I need to put that back I guess sisters and brothers we are the L Society we are responsible for the next 25 years and more to come let's collaborate let's be the Avengers let us continually care together and not allow evil corpse to derail us from our values and rebuild again all for one and one for all united we stand divided we fall Thank you very much Thank you and enjoy the rest of the day