 Hello all in this presentation. We are going to see about entomology in previous presentation of mine We have discussed about Practical spotters. So this presentation is specific to entomology. How to identify entomology spotters So I myself Dr. Rock Brittle associate professor in community medicine. This is my think lateral channel If you haven't subscribed to the channel, please subscribe click on the bell icon also for notifications So we all know there are two kingdoms animal and plant kingdom and We belong to the vertebrate We belong to the vertebrate We belong to the vertebrate Vertebrate and in that we belong to the mammals as a class. So like that The phylum classification there is orthropods Orthropods entomology study of orthropods are insects So in that again class crustacea arachnida and the insect are there So medic medical entomology is study of orthropods of medical importance. So these are all the list of orthropods of medical importance So these orthropods are the Vectors of the disease mark my words vectors for the disease Not the causative agent that is these these are all the species which just transmit the diseases Out of which house flight transmits the disease by mechanical route and the other Vectors transmit biologically that is the agent undergoes some either multiplication or Change in form within their bodies Now these are all the few background knowledge, which you should know before going into the identification of The entomology spotters. So here the it is broadly divided into insecta arachnida and crustacea Insecta has head thorax and abdomen Arachnida and crustacea has both Cephalothorax and cephalothorax that is head and body head and thorax Come Get combined. So legs here. We have three pairs four pairs and five pairs respectively Antenna is one pair zero and two in crustacea Wings are one or two pair of wings Arachnida, there are no wings and crustacea. There are no wings in when come to the habitat Crustaceae lives in water the other insecta and arachnida all live in land So these are all the group of insects Which are all of medical importance. This is cyclops The cyclops ticks mites under arachnida mosquitoes flies lies fleas redwood bugs among insecta So here, this is mosquitoes. We all know and majority of the presentation. We will be discussing about mosquitoes So these are all flies the notable one or house fly black play and cc fly House fly is a mechanical vector for many pico orally transmitted diseases Black fly causes transmits oncocercases cc fly causes sleeping sickness This is house fly and then we have Lows or the head loves then we have rat fly. This is the classical image of the rat fly From which we can identify the rat fly spot us easily And this is the redwood bug Then we have ticks and mites. So when there is head separately present and almost cohenical Then you can say it as a heart tick when this is of exactly a cuboidal shape or a smoothened rectangle shape then it is a soft tick Then we have itch mites And cyclops cyclops This is the we have five pair of legs two pair of antennas And there will not be any wings present. So they live in water. So these were all the cyclops were the vector for guinea vom buses So here is the list of earth report which that is mosquito House fly sand fly cc flow here is the list of earth reports and the list of diseases caused by these earth reports So mosquito transmits malaria malaria is specifically anopheles transmits malaria viral encephalitis japanese encephalitis Then philaria and all is transmitted by culex mosquitoes yellow fever dingu chicken guinea and all are transmitted by 80s mosquito Then we have all this house fly which is Which which is a vector for transmission of many fecal oral infections We have sand fly which transmits cholizer oriental source and fly cc flow transmits sleeping sickness loves cause loves transmits but that is pediculosis Epidemic typhus relapsing fever and trench fever That really causes rapid transmits plague Buonic plague endemic typhus imanulopsis deminota chigarosis Blackfly transmits oncosurcases redwood bug chagas disease Softic q fever relapsing fever heartache. There is a huge list of diseases scrub typhus intricate silk Fox are transmitted by trombic lode mite Kbc is transmitted by each mite inworm disease and fish tape form by cyclops Entric pathogen by cockroach So when we are identifying we have to write in write two that is three important points One is after identifying the spotters. We have to write the basic morphology of those spotters Then second is The diseases which is transmitted. So the second is the diseases transmitted diseases transmitted third is the control measures. How are we going to control it? The control measures, so how are we going to control it? So these three points we need to write under all these spotters So first and foremost are the easiest spotter is the egg We have to differentiate between anaphyllus, qlex and adis So when we mention qlex C is the mnemonic here So we have to say qlex lay egg in clusters And individually the eggs will be cigar shaped Individually the eggs will be cigar shaped So when the egg is a cluster you can easily identify it as qlex egg When the egg is singly maybe either anaphyllus or adis When it is a spindle shaped when it is spindle shaped it is the Anaphyllus when it is oval shaped it is adis It has lateral folds that is air will be filled in it so that it will float Anaphyllus basically is a surface feeder So it has these lateral folds and once it becomes larvae also it has no safe and tube it It is It is floated parallel to the surface of the water and it is a surface feeder This qlex and adis are the underground feeders So now we are moving to the larvae larvae when how to identify this larvae is By this siphon tubes siphon tubes are the otherwise the Respiratory trumpets through which it respires. So when it is very Apparently present very Conspicuously present then you can say it is a qlex larvae when it is present Not as long and slender as qlex then you can call it as adis when it is entirely absent Then you can call it as anaphyllus another finding to confirm anaphyllus is This presence of this format has While Not if not noting this siphon tube. We should not get confused with this anal gills and caudate hairs for siphon tubes. Sometimes these will get clubbed and In slide it may appear like a siphon tube. So we should not get confused when we are identifying a larvae Then pupa in real life scenario both this larvae and pupae or eggs and all can be easily species can be easily identified Based on the water source the type of the water source which is present based on that we can easily identify the species but here Out of the stages that is egg larvae pupa and adult pupa is the difficult stage to identify So even there is no siphon tube again It is anaphyllus when there is a apparently Long and slender then it is a qlex when it is ill developed then that is a adis So this is not the typical microscopic image Now we are moving to the adult mosquito So when we are identifying adult mosquito when you identify this spotted wings Then you can directly say it as anaphyllus When you are Seeing this spotted wings then you can say it as Anaphyllus when this is not present you have to look at the body When there is alternate bands of black and yellow bands are present then you can call It as adis mosquito when this is absent then you can when both these spotted wings and this Bands are absent then you can call it as Qlex mosquito how to identify a male is by this means of the bushy antenna So before going to the antenna you have to identify you have to understand the basic structure of the head from head There will be a central proboscis central proboscis through which it sucks the blood and immediate lateral Palpy immediate lateral palpy and further lateral antenna further lateral antenna. So this is Proboscis this is central proboscis the immediate lateral palpy and the antenna So And the even the antenna will be bushy. This is corresponding to the moustache in males Bushy in case of males and it is not as much it is hairy But it is not bushy in females. We can identify in the next upcoming slides So this is the for a female species identification again So when we identify this anopheles Spotted wings we can directly say it is anopheles Then we have to Look at the Wings, sir wings. So wings will be very light in adis It will be very heavy in qlex and because of this heavy wings These are all these mosquitoes are called as nuisance mosquitoes that it because it makes noise when it flies The Near to the ears that people misinterpreted it as the mosquitoes sing some songs. So again anopheles This palpy is very short in case of female. This is the palpy here This will be very short in females. The only exception is the Anopheles the only exception is the anopheles which has long palpy so We can easily identify when The palpy is short and the antenna is not bushy then it is a female when This all Spotted wings and palpy is big Then that is a Female but in the corresponding male also will have a boat shaped or a club shaped And club shaped palpy will be present So with the wings and the body we can identify body the same as Same anopheles will have that band but here this This slide is more dark. So we could not differentiate by but by through wings we can easily identify Then we are moving into the mouth parts. So as I told earlier So all the female mouth parts female will have short very short palpy And less bushy antenna here. It is a bushy antenna and it is a lengthy Palpy as much as your proboses Then in anopheles is the only exception where the palpy is also big when compared to The proboses the proboses this is the air is bushy the air is bushy The air the air in the antenna is not bushy but here in the air in the antenna is bushy and here it is a club shaped so when The palpy is club shaped and a bushy antenna then you can call it as an anopheles male when the palpy When the bushy antenna is not bushy and the palpy is big it is the usual size will be till here But it has it is till here means then you can call it as an anopheles female So that's how we can identify the anopheles mouth part then there are some other Insects other than mosquitoes. So this is the cyclops The belongs to the class insect and the sand fly which belongs to the insect So this looks similar to the mosquito, but when we look out of the microscope the size will be Almost half of the mosquito and also it is a hairy animal and comparatively the legs are Very bigger when compared to this body So then you can suspect of sand fly and you can Note it as sand fly. This is the head loss. These are all classical pictures The morphologies are very clear Then ticks soft ticks and hot ticks will be confusing. It has four pair of legs When the head is out it is a hot tick and the shape is also little conical and here the Shape will be rectangular after a blood meal. This will be very much apparent Then we are moving to the rat flea. This is the classical image given in textbooks. So it looks similar to this So when we identify we can easily identify if we remember this rat flea pictorically So hopefully this presentation was useful to you If you have any suggestions and doubts you can use the comment section If you haven't subscribed please subscribe and click on the bell icon Thank you