 The abnormal deposition of aggregated host proteins can activate inflammasomes, which function as intracellular sensors of both microbial pathogens and danger signals, inducing an innate immune response by secreting cytokines and pyruptosis. Microlia are the primary cells for inflammasome activation in the brain, but other CNS-residents cell types and peripheral myeloid cells can also express and activate them. Inflammasomes play a role in various degenerative diseases of the brain, and targeting them may be a potential treatment strategy. This article was authored by Sophie Voet, Janna Srinivasan, Mohammed Lamkanfi, and others.