 Dentistry and more. So, today's topic is future theory. So, last class we have finished genetic theory. So, let's continue our future theory that is theory of growth and orthodontics. So, various theories were there to explain the concept of growth and development in the head and face region. So, the second theory is future theory. It was given by Wienman and Cichl in 1952. So, as per this theory, all bond-forming elements are growth centers that is cartilage, suture and periostein. And the craniofacial growth occurs at suture. This is the key point. The craniofacial growth occurs at sutures. So, we can see few sutures over here. This is frontome axillary suture, zygomaticum axillary suture, terygomaxillary suture and zygomatic temporal suture. So, this red section is a complex which is known as nasomaxillary complex. The nasomaxillary complex will grow downward and forward as a result of this suture proliferation. So, that is the theory of suture theory. That is a theory that the concept behind suture theory, the nasomaxillary complex of this maxillary complex, it grows forward and downward. So, this grows forward and downward along with the mantible. So, it needs to be balanced with the growth of the mantible. So, it grows forward and downward along with mantible. So, there will be parallel sutures, that is paired sutures. All these sutures are present on both sides. So, this parallel sutures pushes this nasomaxillary complex downward and forward. So, this is the concept of suture theory. According to Cishar, what he believed was the proliferation of connected tissue between two bonds, which causes growth and functional maintenance of bonds. That is, it is happening at the sutures. And all bond-forming elements like cartilage, sutures and pediosteam are growth centers, which are actually responsible for facial growth and assumed all were under tight intrinsic genetic control. So, it is also emphasizing the role of genetics, but is stressing upon the sutures. But just like genetic theory, the suture theory also is not accepted well because there is a lot of things going against this. When transplantation of suture occurred, there is no growth. So, when scientifically transplanted the sutures, it cannot produce the growth. So, this is rejected. And this suture theory cannot explain the microcephaly and hydrocephaly conditions and also the cliff pallet if the growth occurs at these areas, the microcephaly and cliff pallet will not be happened or will not happen these conditions. So, microcephaly or hydrocephaly and also the cliff pallet is not explained by the suture theory. And one more thing is the remodeling of bone, that is the periosteal remodeling of bone is influenced strongly by the environmental factors. It is very unlikely to be under the intrinsic hereditary control. So, it also did not emphasizing on the environmental factors of bone remodeling or bone growth. So, that is why this theory is well accepted just like genetics theory. So, that's all about suture theory. The other name is suture dominant theory given by Veenman and suture in 1952. The nasomaxillary complex with paid sutures. So, it pushes the nasomaxillary complex forward and downward. It is not accepted because it could not explain microcephaly's cliff pallet or hydrocephaly's condition and when it is transplanted there is no growth. So, that's a summary of suture theory. Next, we'll move on to the cartilaginous theory.