 All of these diseases that we've examined today can be found in Alabama and samples can be collected. The one disease that is not in Alabama is oak wilt. Oak wilt, like Dutch Elm disease, causes a wilting of the trees. One of the symptoms that you can see with oak wilt is the staining in the xylem. If you cut the tree, you'll see the staining internal to the xylem. What that does is it causes the tree to wilt and what we see are the leaves die. They become necrotic and die and eventually fall off. An example of a number of red oak leaves all showing marginal necrosis or death on the margins. Oak wilt does a little bit different for live oak. It actually causes the leaves to turn yellow. Many years was misdiagnosed. It causes the trees to dry rapidly. The tree can die in about two weeks. It too is vectored by an insect. So you may see the picnic beetle, the titilid. The titilid beetle is attracted to the fungus which actually grows inside the bark and splits it and calls pressure pads. You remove the bark and you can see the pressure pad under the bark. The fungus is growing in here and the insect comes and feeds on it. It may leave and go infect a tree or just may sit and insit. Another thing that this fungus moves around by root grafts. You may see root grafts. What happens is the trees roots below the ground will grow together and the fungus can move from one tree to the next. Those are the signs and symptoms. You may see the pressure pad. You may see the insects. You may see the wilting leaves. You may see the staining and the xylem. Or you may see the root grafts. That would be oak wilt.