 Welcome, I'm so glad to see you all here and not still at one of those breakfasts or whatever. This morning's session is focusing on, instead of how we supply energy, how we use it. And the big picture that I hope you all walk away is the way we've transformed the energy system in the United States has been dominantly through the demand side of the energy market because that is where the most fundamental changes have happened and go back to the oil crisis that was in 1973 and before that. Before that, nobody cared about energy. Yes, some people did, they produced it. But in the use of energy, there was almost no public policy attention associated with that. And then there was the air boiling burger, it was a shot across the bow. And everything changed in industry and in government, individual households paying attention to energy. As a result, if we look at this graph, look at before 1973, we had the growth of energy use. If we follow that trend, it was growing with GDP only about half a percent less. If we follow the trend, we would have followed that red line. The actual is we, there was this inflection point and the actual use of energy followed the blue line. So we were very concerned about national security as well we should have been with a large amount of energy imports. So if you use less energy, you import less energy. So you can look, that's the amount by which we've reduced imports through more energy efficiency relative to the pre-73 trends. We've also increased domestic production and increasing domestic production of energy also reduces imports. That's the amount we've reduced imports by domestic energy. And so you see the red, we're down to a place where we're almost, as United States, zero net importers and in the world and we will become net exporters but most of those imports are from a friendly neighbor for the North, Canada. So we're now secure in ways that we weren't mostly because of energy efficiency and a little bit because of what's happened on the supply side. Notice the purple nuclear, half of that was nuclear power. Then carbon dioxide. We have reduced carbon dioxide to 10 city. I use what's called the Kaia identity which I've written the math down there. You don't have to pay attention to it. But if you see that red line we've decarbonized the economy by 64% since 1973. That means there's only 36% as much energy per dollar of GDP. That amount is because of the energy intensity trends of our economy before 73. That's the result of the enhanced energy efficiency since 1973 and that black line is the results of everything about clean energy. Wind and solar and geothermal and nuclear power and fracking for natural gas, pushing out coal is the width of that black line and cleaning up the system. And half of that's nuclear power. So again, energy efficiency is how we've decarbonized the economy and finally a graph as I end up looking at decade by decade before the energy crisis 1973. See the purple is the rate of growth of the gross domestic product. The blue and the red was the changing energy intensity of the economy and decarbonizing of the energy system. The green adds those two together because those are small carbon dioxide emissions grew roughly with the economy a little bit less. Once we had the energy crisis, if you look at... This is too wimpy. The blue energy efficiency on a decade by decade basis is in the order of 2% a year reduction. Carbon intensity of energy consumption is very small except for the last five years and now we're cleaning up the energy system, a lot of natural gas pushing out coal. And so it's the cleaning up of the energy system is caught up to half as fast as the rate at which we're decarbonizing through energy efficiency. The black is we're reducing carbon dioxide emissions because we now have that combination of cleaning up the system, more energy efficiency and you see the purple and because our economy is growing only slowly. So that's the big picture. What this section is about, that's the context, this section is about is how does that happen? And we're taking three individuals on the theme being make it happen. I want to start with Rob Bernard who's the chief environmental strategist at Microsoft who will talk about how does it happen from the perspective of his company. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you so much for inviting us to speak today. I want to start with a little bit of context about why is Microsoft at an event like this? I've gotten that question in a couple of vans and a couple of side conversations so I thought it would be interesting to maybe start with why we care about efficiency. My team, I head up our environmental strategies, we've got quite a few people around the company working on sustainability strategy and we think a bit from almost like a mission perspective of how do we empower every organization and every person on the planet to thrive in a resource constrained world. So today we're talking about energy but we could be talking about water, we could be talking about carbon, we could be talking about food. I think you'll see that the same patterns apply and what we're seeing is, in more different terms, we look at it as the fourth industrial revolution which is everything is being disrupted around us pretty much all the time and most of that's on the back of data. And so when we think about the energy paradigm of the future, it's going to be about how do you have an energy ecosystem built on the back of and leveraging the input of data. So I'm going to give one example today of how we're using our own corporate assets as a way to test that but I also want to put it into the bigger context of how does Microsoft operate and how do we think? So this is one of literally dozens of data centers around the world that we have. These data centers will be 50, 100 megawatt, even larger draws. And to give you some perspective, Microsoft as an operating company uses as much power as a small state today. Could be Vermont, not quite as much certainly as Colorado but we use about the same amount of energy as many of the states in the United States. And when we play that forward over a decade when you look at the growth rates of cloud computing, it's not unfathomable that a company like Microsoft will use as much energy as a small nation. So when we think about our role in the global economy from an energy consumption standpoint and a supply chain standpoint, we think that we have the same obligation as frankly a state might or even a small country might under the way the world is moving. So we think about how do we actually power these massive data centers and if you think again about our supply chain, we have a bunch of servers sitting in a bunch of buildings, electrons are our supply chain, software, electrons, machines. So we said a couple of years ago, hey we have to improve the energy efficiency and energy mix that we use on the grid. And so we made a bunch of energy commitments and again I'll just go through this quickly to set some context. We've made a commitment to improve our overall energy mix. We're currently at about 44% combination of let's call them low carbon or zero carbon energy hydro wind solar. And we said we're going to get that to 50% by the end of next year and 60% early in the next decade. We are a carbon neutral company. So when we think about energy and energy efficiency, the most efficient electron we use is the one that we actually never use. And so we think about how do we actually get to carbon neutrality across our entire company and I'll come back to that in just a second. How do we actually retire all the green attributes of all the investments we do in energy, again clean energy, conservation and also all the carbon based energy we have around the world. We retire all the green attributes and then we offset the rest. And we're investing all the time in new energy technologies and that's what I'm going to talk about today from an operational standpoint. So the company's carbon neutral. I'll get questions on this. I'm just going to go through it really quickly. We look at our first pillar is Bileen. So that means a reduction in the amount of energy we use to be green by investing in more energy and certainly be accountable. So this is basically Microsoft's core headquarters operations. We have to give you scale and sense. At the time about four years ago, five years ago, we said what if we took data and applied data to energy efficiency. So we took a step back and we said well what do we already have? We had 145 buildings, 15 million square feet, 60,000 people, and just to give you a sense that we were spending about 60 million dollars a year on energy. So we said we're like a small city. The other thing is we had six different building management systems and we were spitting out 500 million data points per day. Half a billion data points a day. Now Arun came up yesterday and talked about the work of bits and wants. I suspect that in our future reality, this number which may seem like a lot today from 125 buildings will actually be small. We'll be talking about hundreds of billions of data points I would imagine in most utility infrastructure systems per day around the world. So with that roadmap ahead of us, how do we get from here to there and how do we leverage the data efficiently? Now my first career before I came to Microsoft was actually in building and building management and building construction. So if I went to 99% of the people who have 100 million data points a day to run your business, I don't think that would work so well. So the key issue when we think about this from Microsoft's perspective is how do you democratize, commoditize, and simplify the information. So saying 500 million data points is actually not what you want to say. And this is a little bit small but if you came to work in the morning and you didn't know how many data points were on your system building management systems in the background, you actually need to abstract all that out. And so if you come to work in the morning and I give this screen to pretty much those 99% of people who don't necessarily want to deal with 500 million data points a day and I say, what are you going to click on? You're going to click on red. And all red is is a system with a bunch of algorithms in the back that runs data processing and machine learning over all of those 500 million data points a day and says these are our most acute problems from an energy standpoint, although it could be security, it could be fire risk, it could be all sorts of different things and it's all different kinds of alarms. And so we separate them into different areas and then we can go ahead and say I can now start to drill down on the data. And what's happened as a result of this is it throws us errors and it says here's how much it will cost if you don't fix that problem, here's how much energy it will cost you, here's how much you will save the company by fixing these things. It's actually effective for us. So just to give you some more context Washington State's about the third cheapest energy market in the United States. It also has some of the most temperate weather in the United States and we did this ahead of the curve before there was great commercial software available to do this. We invested again ahead of the curve, it took us less than 18 months to recoup our investment. Our 60 million dollar energy bill, despite the fact that our staff and our buildings and our square footage has grown has come down by over 10% and we're well on our way to 20% savings in energy use across our corporate campus by just leveraging the data. I'll give you one more anecdotal story. We had a building in California where the energy prices are definitely higher than in Washington State and it was a lead gold building fully renovated and we turned it on and we thought we would get some value, a little bit of value out of the software because it's a lead gold building and it should be running superficially. In the first month in one building we found $240,000 of energy savings. Turns out the sequencing of the boilers, the chillers, some of the load factors, some of the human interaction with the building which we didn't anticipate, all the flows were slightly different than we thought. So these are the things that technology and by the way we would never have found that if we didn't have the software system. And so I think we're well on our way and just to give you context, Microsoft's business model is we're not going to build a building energy management software system and sell it to different organizations, maybe your organization. We actually want to create an ecosystem of hundreds of companies around the world who are accelerating the use of machine learning, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and sensors. Sensors are super, super cheap. Again, we did this project four or five years ago and we still paid ourselves back in less than 18 months. There is tons of inefficiency on the magnitude order of 20% and pretty much any process or building, manufacturing anywhere in the world. So when we want to think about how do we actually get to energy efficiency at scale, this is the way to do it. I'll just leave you with one last thing to think about which is even this dashboard that I showed, I think this is sort of phase one. So how many people here are under 35? I'm not, but that's great. So how many of you prefer to use text versus email or visual stuff versus actually going into a dashboard or something like this? I think the next wave is more my generation. I'm certainly well over 35. These buildings will be able to talk to you with the technology we have. I'd much rather, if I'm thinking about how I run around and manage a building, I'd much rather have my phone literally text me and we number our buildings. I'm building 125, I see you're in building 124. I'm having a problem with my output and I'm making 25 people uncomfortable right now. When we think about the role of technology, we have to get even beyond this paradigm to an actual personalized interaction with the people who can make the changes that will actually drive transformation. So I'm excited that so many people under 35 are raising their hands because you're the people who are going to write the next generation of apps which make this, which we currently think is futuristic, look old-fashioned. So I'm excited. I think 20% of energy savings is just a start and I look forward to working with people like you or anyone here in the audience to get us to 30-40% savings. Thank you. Thank you. We have a second speaker whose title has just changed recently as of January 20th. He's now a former assistant secretary of the Navy, Admiral Dennis McGinn. I described myself yesterday in one of the smaller groups as a recovering sailor. A week ago yesterday, I was loading boxes from my office in the Pentagon into my car, a Prius, and have had about a week to decide what a recovering sailor is really doing. And I find myself here at Beaver Creek and I said, you know, I like this recovery path. It's really, really terrific. I want to talk to you briefly about what the Department of the Navy, the Navy and the Marine Corps, the two services in the department and by extension what our counterparts in Army and Air Force are doing related to energy efficiency. I start by the premise that this nation's energy security, economic security and environmental security are all inextricably linked. You really can't do anything big in any one of those without having tremendous effects in the other. So you have to take a holistic balanced view to how we approach national security which rests on all of those key other securities. So for the Department of the Navy and indeed the Department of Defense we said energy is really, really key to our ability to carry out our mission of defending the nation. And we do this in a lot of different ways. In the case of the Navy and the Marine Corps it was a combination of energy efficiency in a way we described it was more fight, less fuel and also diversifying our portfolio of energy sources beyond what we had been developing over the past century effectively. So I'll tell you a little bit about that. This is a picture of the USS Macon Island. It's a large deck amphibious. It carries marine expeditionary troops around the world to do everything from humanitarian assistance to disaster relief to full scale regional war. It has a hybrid electric drive so that when it's not going from one place to the other at a rapid speed it can slow down turn off the gas turbine engines rely on the diesel electric power plant and save an enormous amount of fuel because when you're in amphibious operations you tend to be in an area of operations for a long, long time and you don't need to have an inherently inefficient slow speed power plant. Macon Island saved unbelievable amounts of fuel in its first deployment on the order of 40% of what it would have been had it not been the hybrid electric drive. The amphibious guys used to go crazy when as assistant secretary I would refer to them as the Prius of the Seas but you know hey they've got to get over it. This is a picture of the back end the stern of a destroyer and you can see under the water what we call a stern flap saves anywhere from 1.5 to 2% of fuel in its transit just by getting the plane of the ship the entire ship at the right level. In addition we're putting bulbous bows on ships under the water we are putting anti-fouling material on all of our running gear and it saves a tremendous amount of fuel. Little bit here little bit there multiplied by huge numbers of ships and it really makes a big difference more fight less fuel. This is a picture of a saucer in the main engineering control plant on a destroyer who is monitoring all of the rotating machinery the pumps the valves the air circulating systems to determine what the optimum plant configuration should be. This is reflective of not only the technology that we've invested in throughout our navy and marine corps but the key thing of culture. The fact that every sailor every marine seaman to admiral from lance corporal to general needs to understand that our mission success is inextricably linked to energy and how we use energy is going to make a big difference in how the outcome of that mission goes. This is a machinist mate who is checking the quality that is it clear and bright of the fuel that's just been delivered from an oiler at sea. The fact is a mix of biofuel with traditional marine diesel it's a 10% biofuel 90% marine diesel the idea being that at a strategic level let's start diversifying from total 100% reliance on petroleum and not that petroleum has been anything but wonderful for the nation and the navy but let's just see what we can do in terms of reducing our reliance on one source of fuel and doing that not just in the United States but around the world so that is just starting we partner with civil aviation and other nations I was out in Hawaii last summer for the rim of the pacific exercise we had nine ships including the United States ships that used this blend of biofuel four others took quantities of 10,000 gallons back to their home ports to do the testing the point being this is the moral equivalent of strict petroleum based products in that it's dropping you drop it into the tank you don't have to change any lines pumps ignitors or anything like that and we just have a different range of feedstocks that produce it this is a picture of a marine howitzer and the control system to regulate exactly where you're pointing this is produced by those solar panels so I really really killed a couple of people when I said so this is a solar howitzer sorry here is a marine that is out in the field that's a flexible solar array that allows him to recharge all kinds of different batteries the marines and soldiers of today rely so much on electronics whether it's GPS or communications night vision aiming systems so the ability to go away from one time use batteries and be able to recharge in the field on patrol tremendous savings and oh by the way a tremendous advantage in their combat effectiveness this is a command center in a forward operating base in which we have incorporated every aspect of HVAC energy efficiency the tent itself building envelope if you will is highly efficient to keep it warm in the winter and cold in the or cool in the summer and once again we do it for all the information technology the computers the command and control systems that are used for this forward operating base and the marine corps and the army have really really made great advances here oh by the way the reason that is so critically important is the most most lethal mission for our marines our marines and our soldiers in Iraq in Afghanistan was escorting fuel convoys every 50 convoys there was a casualty not a good way so by reducing the demand at the pointy end up on the forward operating bases you tremendously cut back with a great positive compounding effect on how much you have to put into the system and how many convoys you have to rely on you manage what you measure and for our shore installations as well as for our ships at sea and our forward deployed marines automatic metering using the power of information technology that Rob described and making it able to be usable and to be able to make decisions how much your energy usage is both on the load side and also where is your best value least cost for power supply on the generator side this is a shot of a couple of folks out in California that are celebrating the arrival of a couple of hybrid electric automobiles we just recently concluded a lease option with partnership with the state of California for over 400 electric vehicles sedan types and we're looking to expand the use of electrification for transportation to medium and heavy drive everything from forklifts to gantry cranes and we're also working with a commercial sector in partnership to try to figure out how to best do that this is a solar panel this is at Marine Corps Air Station in Miramar in Southern California San Diego area and they are in the micro grid business where they have some on-site generation of methane gas from landfill solar panels and a black start control system that allows them to go off the grid in the event of a widespread grid outage and have critical load service by these distributed energy resources and I'm not sure what that is Rob can you describe what that is some sort of data infrastructure Rob says that will quickly be outdated exactly these are sailors on top of one of our buildings in San Diego just installed solar panels we are looking for the best business cases and all of these projects are I would describe 95% our third party finance we have found that that partnership with the financial community and with the energy savings performance contracts utility energy services contracts power purchase agreements have been very very good and allowing us to diversify our portfolio and also to squeeze that more mission value out of every unit of electricity whether it's a kilowatt or a barrel of fuel I look forward to your questions thanks a lot and the third of our trio Kathleen Hogan deputy assistant secretary for energy efficiency of the department of energy her title has not changed thank you thank you very much and it is great to be with all of you here today so in this position what I really do is oversee the energy efficiency portfolio at the department of energy which is actually a pretty broad portfolio it includes research of course national appliance standards federal energy management which facilitates federal lead by example on energy efficiency and renewable energy issues we do a lot of work with partnerships with the private sector, states, local governments we do low income weatherization very large program and as other things but when you step back and you really think about what is central to all of these efforts of course it is the compelling benefits of energy efficiency it's the lower bills it's the reduced air pollution and hand in hand with that it is the jobs that we get and the enhanced economic growth it's hard to find something else that can work so hard for us in terms of what it can do for this country and we really have benefited a lot as Jim showed you with his charts another way of looking at the numbers that he put up is that we have cut our energy intensity in half since 1980 and so everything that goes with that with lower bills reduced air pollution is really tremendous but of course what makes this happen it's largely technological innovation not all but largely technological innovation some great examples out there today's refrigerator we all take it for granted but if you compare it to a 1980 refrigerator it uses a quarter of the energy it's bigger it has more features and it costs half the price of a refrigerator in 1980 what a great technology story and it's similar stories for air conditioners clothes washers and what's the transformation that is happening before our eyes it's lighting with LEDs they use 85% less energy than the Thomas Edison incandescent they're very long lasting you're not running to the store every six months and what's interesting with some of the new generation on the market is intriguing capabilities for color tuning we can't wait to see what we're all going to do with that but what is it that's driven this innovation it's driven by a variety of policies private sector motivations but also policies that the federal state and local level examples federal appliance standards which have been in place since the late 80s are saving consumers $64 billion a year on their utility bills in 2015 alone at the same time creating a national marketplace for these products to be sold instead of having a state by state approach and these savings continue to grow we have state and local led building codes building energy savings in from the day one of these structures which are currently saving about $5 billion again with savings that are growing we have a robust energy efficiency industry fielded by utilities and other program administrators that are helping their customers save or another way to look at it is they're procuring energy savings at half the cost of bringing new energy supplies online and that's all adding up to investing billions a year in products, high efficiency products and also savings of billions of dollars a year and sort of a newer approach that we're seeing out there is cities and communities that are using building energy transparency requirements and business challenges to motivate improvements broadly across their downtowns that are also starting to show some great results so DOE what are we doing we're pursuing a whole variety of goals and strategies in partnership of course with people across the country including our national labs that have contributed to and will continue to catalyze a lot of this progress we have a goal of doubling our nation's energy productivity to get twice the economic value from every energy unit we use so this means we're not only doing things to save energy and money but we're actually trying to target a lot of our approaches to put the U.S. position on energy efficiency and clean energy solutions because there is such a rapidly growing global marketplace for these things so again what does this mean we're doing in our homes and buildings which currently do account for 40% of our energy use and about a $400 billion annual energy bill it means we're working on things like next generation technologies that can save 45% savings in building energy over the high efficiency cost effective technologies that are already on the market today we're demonstrating new whole buildings where you can put these technologies in and see and address the systems issues demonstrating 50% savings over the buildings that are out there today we're linking these building systems in ways that contribute to a robust electricity grid much of that work being done not that far down the road at the National Renewable Energy Lab we're working to integrate distributed generation with buildings at the building community and regional levels and we're fielding those through a bunch of initiatives called zero energy ready because that's really I think synonymous with start by being lean be ready by having a low load and then be ready to come and put renewable energy and pair it up in the way that makes sense at the building community or regional level and doing other things on the manufacturing front we have a flagship effort that's been a big undertaking the last few years it's a new set of clean energy manufacturing institutes part of a manufacturing USA network to improve our country's manufacturing competitiveness so these institutes are supporting innovation and workforce development in advanced manufacturing materials and processes things like next generation semiconductors otherwise known as using wide band gap materials which can increase the efficiency with which we use motors throughout manufacturing with potentially stunning implications increase the use of motorized compressors in important areas throughout industry improve the efficiency of our grid improve the capabilities of electric vehicles and really reduce the energy required to run data centers so we're hoping we can take his energy use down even further so we're also working on advanced high strength and lightweight composite materials which can improve vehicle efficiency plane train efficiency enable renewable power smart manufacturing bringing the benefits of data and information technologies to optimize manufacturing processes offering tremendous savings throughout the supply chain chemical process intensification to improve the energy productivity some of our most energy intensive processes and industries and also looking for ways to just reduce the embedded energy in manufactured materials so we can avoid the many quads of energy that were either putting in our landfills or shipping across the seas and we're also supporting advancements in additive manufacturing and 3D printing which just opens up just whole new horizons for product designs and shortening time to market with rapid prototyping and hopefully some of you have seen the fully drivable 3D printed Shelby Cobra that is helping show what 3D printing can really do so these efforts really are tremendous engaging hundreds of firms of all sizes in new innovation ecosystems providing access to new tools and facilities and already making progress at the same time we're working with lots of partners across the country to just push on the savings that are there today we've got a whole variety of partners that are working with us an initiative called Better Buildings, Better Plants that are showcasing a whole array of solutions for how to reduce their energy use across whole portfolios of buildings by 20% or more and then really showcasing those solutions that they use to make it work tackling some important problems and showing how to do it and we continue to work with our states through our energy program to develop and share best practices we continue to field what's been a long standing and successful program for helping some of the the least advantaged people through our low end weatherization assistance program which now it's just had its 40th anniversary and we've now been able to help reduce the energy burden of 7 million low income families and that will keep going along so the bottom line here from all of this I think from the Department of Energy's perspective and I'll echo some of the earlier comments is this is just a tremendously exciting time for energy efficiency we are in the midst of really dramatic change buildings consumers how we interact with our systems is changing a revolution in manufacturing revolution in the world. We need to look at the technologies that we're living through it is just amazing and what we see is we just need to keep pushing forward on a full variety of strategies energy is basically in everything we do we need to keep pursuing those opportunities and we need to keep looking for the leaders that will keep pushing the envelope so we can keep working on the problems that remain there to be pushed into the future. Any one of you can be the first to ask a question on here so high pay off because your question will probably be asked if you text quickly what I hope you ended up seeing is that here we have a system in which we have been carbonizing the economy creating energy security and creating profitability of our companies by a process which has been on the average over the last more than 40 years reducing energy intensity by about 2% a year average. The last 5 years have been faster than the average of the earlier years the last 2 years have been faster than the last 5 years so the process is slightly accelerating it's been actions by hundreds of millions of people in the United States and hundreds of thousands of companies and organizations all working individually in ways that have been beneficial to our nation so we can only give you a slice of a couple of the ways in which it's happening in the military by getting you a more effective fighting force through energy efficiency in corporations getting more competitive profitable corporations for individual saving costs on their bills but it's been one of those tremendous things that should be a totally non-partisan issue and so far it is I'd like to just mention that LEDs on Navy ships you'd think okay let's do it energy good thing yes but the secondary and tertiary benefits are incredible first of all LEDs as you probably know don't fail at nearly the rate that other forms including fluorescent or compact fluorescence do so the savings in sailor manpower aboard ship and oh by the way the improvement in lighting is just great benefits direct the other aspect of it of course is when you go to sea in the old days with fluorescent bulbs two foot long fluorescent bulbs you had store rooms full of spares because you knew they were going to fail so you had a choice between dark areas of the ship or you know use the store rooms to bring it great savings oh by the way when you get back in the port you've got hazardous material in the form of the mercury in the old fluorescence so I use that point you can start out by saying I want to be more energy efficient on my ship by relamping it with LEDs but you get all of these very very significant benefits as well let me pose the first question to Rob and you've talked about the use of the data and infrastructure how does this change how people work in your organization? well I think there's a couple of things the first thing is I think you want to have the most comfortable space you possibly can have and so by reducing errors in just the way the systems work you're actually getting more productivity because people aren't uncomfortable so that's one area I think the other way that we're seeing changes well beyond just the building is the most efficient thing to do is actually not have an office or go to your office so when you think about the paradigm of energy efficiency at the extreme it's can you get more and more people to work remotely more and more people to work from home I think the other piece is once you actually start to look at the use patterns and we've done this within our buildings you can reconfigure the building so you have more shared workspace more dynamic workspace and so you actually reduce the physical number of square feet you need per individual within the space itself so those are just a couple of examples which is I get to work from home so I don't have to commute which also spews out a lot of energy and requires energy I've got much more comfortable space when I'm in my workspace and therefore I'm not actually being unproductive because it's too cold too hot and then of course the configuration dynamic space is also really interesting I think the next wave that will happen is actually integrating not just and I talked about integrating six different disparate building systems and that's super interesting but what if I can actually and also looking at people movement throughout building so that's sort of two separate things how do you actually think about the fact that most of our calendars are stored in database somewhere right so now I can actually do predictive dynamic flow through so that my phone sort of like I was talking about before why doesn't it tell me which building in which office to go to because it doesn't make sense when 20 to 30% of your workforce isn't there on any given day to heat or cool 100% of your space let me ask you a related question and one again there's a green there's a green E on some of your ships and there's a reason for that can you tell about the the way you motivate the men and women of the of the services very very talented dedicated and competitive force in the Navy Marine Corps all the services so the secretary of the Navy awards energy awards for people and ships and units that get the job done for less energy it's a very very straightforward proposition the metrics are there and tracked by up through the chain of command let me just comment on the color of the E you hear about great green fleet we did that green Hornet we flew an F-18 with 100% biofuel so a lot of folks because of our own enthusiasm and marketing what we're doing thought this was all about reduction of greenhouse gases no it's all about the mission the reduction of greenhouse gases in some parts of the political spectrum are just an unfortunate consequence of what we're doing to improve the mission Kathleen the are you running out of opportunities for more energy efficiency improvement are they it's sort of like a renewable resource that there's more and more opportunities keep coming up talk about that please I mean that's certainly a great question you know one of the big industries out there that I talked about is the utility industry right that's delivering energy savings to their customers and I think one of the big concerns was when the LED lights come in and that you're so changing the program mix that they could deliver and you're taking away some of the savings opportunity as the market would transform itself but you know what they're going as strong as ever with the other opportunities that are out there there's so many things that remain untapped that are still cost effective and that the utilities can leverage and then of course there are new things coming along you know basically you know every day every year I mean there's just an there's an up and coming I think revolution with refrigeration you know I talked about the refrigerator and where it is I didn't mention we have a project underway that's that's cutting that energy use in half again so again the the low hanging fruit on the tree does keep coming back Lab you talked a lot about what you've done in Microsoft is this generalizable to many other companies I mean not all companies are Microsoft and sophisticated as you are in information systems and so forth is this special to you or is it something that can be adopted across the board absolutely something you know for us we look at it which is if we have a problem in a scenario which is not unique to us and certainly building energy efficiency is not unique to Microsoft how do we actually create an ecosystem of partners and services so that what we learn becomes democratized and cheap for everybody else so if you look at what we did there are lots of other big enterprise companies I always say look 15 million square feet is kind of interesting you got to get to 15 billion square feet before we're actually going to have an impact and so there are lots of other big companies but one story which is great 20,000 square foot building that's their entire infrastructure they deployed the same system we deployed on our corporate campus and they saw a similar reduction in taxpayer cost of about 20% on the energy bill so it'll span the whole spectrum it's just getting it democratized and commoditized and easily configurable that's how we're going to accelerate success great thank you Dennis one of the things I find fascinating is the movements in some of your shore bases where you really brought down to the individual family the incentives on energy energy efficiency through targets and prices could you talk a little bit about that and tell people about whether this is effective or not it really is in fact I think the most and tell people what it is because I was very cryptic well on our naval installations around the world we place a great premium on maintaining high quality of life but we know that through the combination of partnerships with our housing contractors through technology insertion rooftop solar programmable thermostats better HVAC and water heating systems better refrigerators that it really really is key also found that the most powerful factor is culture getting people to understand how directly relatable their energy uses to their quality of life or in the case of of the mission to what they do in the field the Marine Corps about a year ago came out with the energy ethic for all Marines and the idea was when you're in garrison in barracks on the base your awareness of how much energy you are using directly translates to your thought process your ethic when you're out there in the field or actually in combat so this is a powerful cultural dynamic that is happening in both our Navy and Marine Corps thank you all good things must end and this must end without a time so thank you all three