 New public management, NPM, is a special management philosophy used by governments to increase efficiency, effectiveness and cost savings in the public sector. It employs private sector characteristics and market mechanisms to achieve these objectives. However, its implementation has been limited due to various barriers and challenges. These include a lack of authority, executive bureaucracy, traditional budgeting system, poor payment systems, inadequate resources, and a shortage of trained managers, among others. To address these issues, it is important to design and implement an NPM reform based on the operational reality and conditions of each country. This will help ensure successful execution of the NPM in the desired sector. This article was authored by Jaffer Saadeck-Tabrizzi, Elohi Hadgaseyi, Leila Daschmanger, and others.