 I'm Sarah Anderson with the Institute for Policy Studies and I want to talk about one cost of war that I've done some research on which is war profiteering. The Iraq war was the most privatized war in history which created enormous opportunities for lucrative profiteering among private companies. You know in past wars we had to worry about profiteering from companies that were making weapons or other military equipment but in the Iraq war private military contractors took on all kinds of rules that the military previously had done themselves. I'm talking about surveillance, training, providing food, in-house services, security. There were even private military contractors doing interrogations in Iraq. And so what we did is we looked at CPO pay among these private military contractors and we could only really get data on companies that are publicly held because private firms are not required to report this information. And so for example Eric Prince, the founder of Blackwater, the biggest security company involved in Iraq, did not have to report this. And in fact he was called to testify before a congressional committee and he was asked how much he was personally profiting from these taxpayer funded contracts to do security as part of the war and he basically said it was none of their damn business. And so this is a company that was involved in many scandals in Iraq including three other guards are now imprisoned for their involvement in the killing of 17 civilians in Iraq. By the time they went on trial of course Eric Prince was on gun and we'll never know how much money he made off of the Iraq war. As for the publicly held firms, we looked at CPO paying for the four years leading up to 9-11 which is really when the war on terror began. And we compared that to the four years after 9-11 as we went into the war in Iraq. And what we found is that these 34 CEOs of publicly held top contractors saw their pay double during these two periods on average and that was completely off the charts compared to CEOs of other U.S. companies. So they were clearly making the killing off of the war in Iraq. A couple of the examples would be David Lesser from Halliburton, a company that was involved in a lot of scandals and fraud in Iraq including contaminated wastewater that made soldiers ill and so forth. In 2005, so two years into the war, he made $27 million in just one year. And he wasn't the highest paid among these military contractors. That would go to the head of United Technologies who made $200 million in the first four years after 9-11. And so here we are looking at the cost of the war in terms of so many millions of families who lost loved ones or have disabled family members, communities that have been destroyed, the ongoing violence. And yet the CEOs of these companies are continuing to enjoy all of the profits they've made off of the Iraq war. And I believe that unless we get rid of this profit motive for getting into wars and keeping wars going, we're going to continue to see more of this.