 I'm particularly delighted to welcome you to this conference, Climate and Community Le Climat Tous Ensemble. I thank the IAEA for co-organising this half-day long webinar with the French Embassy, and I congratulate the IAEA for its 30th anniversary and for the impressive programme organised this month. The French Embassy is glad to have joined this celebration with two important events. France and Ireland share strong links. The joint visit of Foreign Minister Le Drian and European Minister Clément Beaune a few days ago illustrates the dynamism of this very warm, strong and friendly relationship. Both ministers have participated in an IAEA webinar and could present France's vision for the future of European integration. Climate action is at the core of the action of the French government. Like Ireland, France has recently adopted a new climate and resilience law. France has also been the forefront to bring together all EU member states and the EU to raise commitment in terms of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Le Climat Tous Ensemble is the magnificent opportunity to show the commitment of our two countries toward a carbon neutral, more resilient, fairer and more united society. This conference brings together French, Irish and African speakers and show the importance of the role of grassroots engagement. It will be structured around three sessions. The first session will focus on the policy landscape in France, Ireland and Europe ahead of COP26. It will bring together Mr. Eamon Ryan, Irish Minister in Charter for Environment and Climate, Mrs. Laurence Tubiana, president of the European Climate Foundation and key architect of the Paris Agreement, and who today continues to maintain the momentum set in motion by the Paris Agreement. And Stefan Kruzer, France's climate ambassador and my esteemed predecessor here at the French Embassy in Ireland. Thank you all for being here today. The second session will bring together the leaders of Decathlon Island. Decathlon is the world leading retail for sport and outdoor activities and post. Both will discuss the role of the private sector as a sustainable development goals and how companies and businesses are already planning how to engage with SDGs, integrate them into the strategy and the management of the business. Finally, the third session will bring together climate advocates with three generation of very committed women. Mrs. Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland, former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and currently president of the Elders and the Climate Justice Foundation. Mrs. Ina Moja, Malian Artist Ambassador of the Great Green Wall, a project to plant a wall of trees from Senegal to Ethiopia that could save Africa from global warming. And then, Ms. Ola Murphy, representative of the winning team of the Inter-University Klimaton Competition 2021, organized by the French Embassy in Ireland. She will deliver a presentation on sustainable fashion. And I would like to stress that the health crisis has not stopped students commitment and proposal, and use policy based is crucial for the climate challenge. We will also encourage you all to join us at the end of the conference at 12 p. at 1215 p.m. Irish time on the MCs twitch channel for debate with young Irish and French committed to the climate. Thank you all and enjoy the conference. And now Stefan, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Vincent. Merci beaucoup. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It's a real pleasure to be back in Dublin, albeit virtually. And to see that the excellent collaboration between the IEA and the French Embassy is as strong as ever. So I'm very pleased to welcome you to session one of this conference. And this session is entitled the climate policy landscape before COP26. We have six months away from COP26, the UN's 26th conference of the parties which will take place in Glasgow in November. Why is this COP so important? Well, first, because it will be the fifth COP after COP21, which saw the adoption of the Paris Agreement. And the Paris Agreement says that every five years parties will have to step up their ambition. And so here we are. But it's important above all because we cannot wait any longer. The IPCC tells us that we must reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 45% between 2010 and 2030. If we want to stay on a trajectory of 1.5 degrees Celsius of temperature increase. However, the UNFCCC secretariat has shown us that with the nationally determined contributions transmitted by the end of 2020, we're only at 0.5% of reduction of emission reduction. So for COP26 to be a success, we'll need to achieve several things. And that's what France along with the EU is advocating. First, we need to have a long term strategy that leads us toward carbon neutrality. The EU, China, Japan, Korea, even Brazil at the recent climate summit on April 22nd have made this commitment. And today, two thirds of emissions are covered by such a target. But a 2050 horizon is not enough. We have to define a credible trajectory to get there. The EU has done so with a goal of 55% reductions of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. And that's a huge increase from our previous target of 40%. And then the US, Japan, Canada made very significant announcements at the climate summit on on April 22nd. Today, the G7 countries have all the trajectory that makes the 2050 carbon neutrality goal credible. But the other major entities must do the same in particularly all the G20 countries with represent 80% of global emissions, and we're working with them to try and convince them to make these commitments. Second, we must collectively rapidly phase out fossil fuels. That's what France is currently doing. Cold in France is a thing of the past. We only have four coal fired power plants that produce 1% of the electricity in France and all of them will shut down by next year. Support for fossil fuels must end. France will no longer award public guarantees for the exploration and exportation of new oil fields in 2025 and in 2035 at the latest for gas. And last week, all G7 members committed to end international international support for coal this year. And third, we must move forward on climate finance in remember in 2009 developed countries promised to deliver every year from 2020 onwards $100 billion for climate finance to help developing countries in a fight against climate change. France is committing 6 billion euros every year, a third of which is allocated for adaptation to the impacts of climate change. And finally, at COP26 negotiations must be concluded on the so called rulebook for implementing the Paris agreement. We made a lot of progress at COP24 in Katowice in 2018, but there is some unfinished business. Article six, in particular, on the greenhouse gas emissions trading is a very technical subject, but it's essential to do it right. If we want to ensure the environment and environmental integrity of the Paris agreement. So there is much to be done to make COP26 a success, and France is fully committed to do its part. In this session, we will hear expert insights from two distinguished speakers, Lawrence to Vienna, CEO of the European Climate Foundation and key architect of the Paris agreement at COP21 will deliver an address, followed by a minister and then TD minister for the environment, climate and communications and minister for transport in the government environment. Each speaker will speak for approximately 15 minutes. And after these two presentations, we will go to the Q&A session with you, our audience, you'll be able to join the discussion using the Q&A function on Zoom, which you should see on your screen. You can send your questions in throughout the session as they occur to you, and may ask that you identify yourself and affiliation when you ask a question. A reminder for the entire conference, including the Q&A sessions, everything will be on the record today. So please feel free to join the discussion on Twitter using the hashtag, hashtag climate community. Before me to introduce our first keynote speaker of the conference, Lawrence to Vienna is CEO of the European Climate Foundation. In addition to her role at ECF, she's the chair of the Board of Governors at the Agence Française, the development, the French Development Agency, in Paris. Before joining ECF, she was France's climate ambassador and special representative for COP21 and as such a key architect of the landmark Paris Agreement. Following COP21 and through COP22, she was appointed high level champion for climate action. Vienna brings decades of expertise from 1997 to 2002. She served as senior advisor on the environment, the French Prime Minister, Lionel Jospin. She founded in 2002 and directed until 2014 the Institute of Sustainable Development and International Relations, Idri, and she has held academic positions at Sciences Po and as professor of international affairs at Columbia University. She's been a member of numerous boards and scientific committees, including the Chinese Committee on the Environment and International Development. So Shalomos, the floor is yours. Merci beaucoup Stéphane, and very happy to be here. And thank you too for this invitation on the really important role that each of us, as you're the previous former president of Ireland said Mary Robinson that everyone has something to do, even if maybe sometime the element seems too difficult. So, thank you for inviting me. Just, I have just a problem. One second. I have, sorry, I had a family emergency, but it's okay. So, as the problem of the interlinkages of the crisis of climate change biodiversity loss and the need for a socially just transition to address them which is the topic you, you asked me to, to present and to reflect upon is absolutely essential. And I'm very grateful that now, and Ireland is giving a strong signal and the Institute was just thinking about that is really to, we cannot think the crisis separately we have to think them all together in particular in the context of these conventions, this COVID crisis and with all these economic and social consequences. As Stéphane said very, very clearly, the Paris Agreement is the central pillar of our collective fight against climate change. And the COP26 in Glasgow is very important for all the reason he mentioned to strengthen that pillar. Not only because of course, we have to revise the contribution that it was noted in COP21 where the idea was, because that when the Paris Agreement will enter into force, totally be implemented. That was 2020, all countries has to revise their intended national contribution to make them definitive. So that's a crucial moment as Stéphane was saying. Since last year what we have seen 83 countries have submitted new targets, including the EU countries submitting as the EU 27. Also, 101 countries, including of course some major emitters have yet to submit their plan, meaning the plan for 2030 and as Stéphane said very rightly, even if many countries are now agreeing on a net zero goal by 2050. That what was important now really is really not to lose this very, very decisive decade. Because more ambition is needed for all countries we are still on track, as he mentioned for the 2.4 degrees Celsius of global warming. And additionally, if you have making progress on mitigation ambition, which again we are not there still, we are falling behind on supporting action on adaptation and finance. The 100 billion year committed in 2009 has not been yet met. Even if 2021 maybe finally we will find a better result because a number of countries have raised their contribution and the multilateral development bank in particular has really have upgraded their capacity. So, still it is a very important and urgent priority for all donors in action, including providing an equal share for adaptation and because all the language around shifting the private finance and in particular shifting the trillions of necessary investment has to go hand in hand with the public finance so we should not lose this objective for Glasgow. So, we have important milestones the G7 in particular, headed by shared by UK and some inter-sessional meetings that are starting at the end of this month in the framework of the UNFCCC convention, meaning make can make significant progress and I am relatively optimist around, at least as Stefan Kruse mentioned, a very encouraging conclusion of the G7 some days ago. So climate neutrality is a major theme for COP26. Really, and it was of course embedded in the Paris Agreement goal is interesting to see that the net zero formulation now is really getting a lot of attention and a lot of attraction. And as I mentioned, you may remember that in the Paris Agreement, the idea of achieving a balance of sinks and sources, which was a way acceptable at that time to mention that we have to go for net zero by mid century. So it's good, many more countries are pointing to that, but we need action now. So, this is very important for Glasgow, mainstreaming the objective of net zero emission is really important. As much as we can having carbon neutrality by 2050 or very soon after is a basis for every action, but really more importantly and I totally recognize the necessity to insist on the 2030 target and really credible plans to go to net zero by 2050. We need to focus attention on the plan of action in the short and medium term because that will turn the needle in a way the center of gravity of the global economy. And, but these plans might build on one of the core principle of the Paris Agreement which is inclusivity. You know, it was not just for government and we know that governments can do a lot but cannot do alone to really meet this very, very ambitious goal which are about transformation of all society and all economies. We have national actors civil society and the private sector is how to implement Paris. It's a share responsibility and I was encouraged along all these five years to see. Well, states university cities businesses saying in US we are still in you remember when President Trump decided to withdraw from Paris Agreement and with an enormous amount of actors said we are still in. And this even if countries of course got no government followed the path of us at that time but the involvement of the local authorities and private sector and the financial community has been really genuinely engaged. But of course, climate is very important, but it is really and really I recognize all the efforts now to link the climate crisis with other global priorities. The UN Biodiversity Summit hosted by China in October the food system summit will be key opportunities to link action across SDGs, it would be really detrimental to really fight one SDG against the other and it's a very active discussion by the way as we know that with the COVID crisis we need a much more solidarity across nation, and we need of course to work on the depth relief in particular, but we should not oppose climate to, let's say, health or biodiversity protecting nature and fighting poverty. This is really a combined and we have the chance we have, we are really lucky in that we have a whole, whole the cross the board conception of what the development should look like which are the SDGs agenda. So these crises are connected the biodiversity crisis in particular with the climate crisis is connected, as well as by the way, the enormous challenges that agriculture and food system are facing. So we have the chance to tackle them together and to ensure a global transition for a sustainable future. And again, this will require this transition to be just and based on social justice including at the global level. So the COVID crisis has shown that we cannot act out of sync with nature, and the twin impacts of COVID and climate disaster has been devastating to vulnerable countries already who need urgent support for depth restructuring to give them the fiscal space to support people and urgent access to vaccines. Well, multilateralism has to move online and it's not always easy. And we must ensure that we do not become siloed in our thinking across platform I feel that very strongly we are talking the zoom mood now is in a way closing everyone in its own bubble, and it's more than urgent now just to cross our discussion. It's very important that the COP26 presidency has launched a number of dialogues in particular the food agriculture and commodity trade, bringing back bringing together forest agriculture and trade commodities group together. So that's really important at COP26 for example when we will discuss article six, building hopefully on the San Jose principle meaning clear guidance on what is really credible and as Stefan Cousa said the environmental integrity. We need to build nature together with climate in these articles, and in particular, we have to really make important progress that companies do not rely on offsets to replace mitigation action. You see the emergence of voluntary carbon market integrity initiative to provide guidance and quality quality will be in my view, both from government and from the private sector, and from the financial community, a key result for Glasgow. Particularly the EU Green Deal, and so happy to see Ireland very very active in this discussion, committing of course to climate neutrality by 2050, committing to 55% by 2013. The package will be a very important one in July 14 presented by the Commission after hopefully a very good summit of the head of state to encourage, of course, all institution and all government to go further. And it really is a EU Green Deal is turning that commitment into real positive change for the people and the planet and it's not, which is a very big value of the Green Deal in my view, it's not just about carbon emissions. It's important it's a new food for folks to folks to food to folks strategy re reorienting the European food system for example towards healthy diets rule development. We have seen recently again, the insistence of protecting the small farmers in in Europe, environmental protection, the new biodiversity strategy to restore European most precious ecosystem. So the Green Deal in my view is a resonance of having a whole across the board SDG vision for Europe. So it's really the opportunity to make the post COVID truly resilient by putting climate action environmental protection and social justice, and speaking in a very pro European country. And really, I thank you, I learned to to maintain that line in terms of in times will have not been always easy for the project and the value and the, and in a way the desirability of Europe. It's because you know, it's a turning point. It's a manifest the Green Deal is not coming from the top it's coming as well from European society that has voted for a green parliament. Not only on the Green Party but all across the different groups and has asked the European Commission to be trustful to that mandate and that's why we have the Green Deal. So Ireland leadership on this stage Europe and the global stage is in my view very important one because as I said you are proud members of European Union and continue to play this role. And also climate change is often frame as a problem for the world largest economy. This is a critical role for smaller countries to play I believe this very very strongly clubs of major countries are important they will not solve the problem we need all of us we need all countries including smaller countries this is why we built ambition in politics and Stefan was there together with with me and we were all fighting for a truly inclusive process. And that's why I and has a role to play to continue arguing for mutual realism to be inclusive, and really showing that it's not a big problem for big countries big players to solve it's a collective effort, and if not it will not be with together with climate justice and justice social justice in general. So it's a very inspiring story you can tell. I remember. The climate bill you have just passed. It's impressive endorsement of all the parties in parliament, 170 votes against 12. Putting domestic low targets that are boarding line with the EU goal of net zero by 2050 strong governance that my foundation has been pushing for across Europe independent expert advisory and oversight duty and minister to produce action plan in line with targets which is so important across the board to have this roadmap for each ministry mechanism for regular parliamentary accountability. So that's very interesting to see how Ireland has got there. Self confess climate laggard anti recently. Remember, PM Leo that got admitted to the European Parliament just three years ago in 2018, but we have what's with interest as I did not follow this innovative path to change that role. And the turning point may have been Ireland for pioneering you pioneering rules of the citizen assembly, we have copied by the way, in the French case, which in 2017 considers a question, how the state can make island a leader in tackling climate change. So this reveal is turning consensus in fatal measures that politician had long thought would be unpalatable to the electorate. It led directly to a parliamentary consensus between the new climate bill. It's a model I think it's really impressive as a result, again for Europe and globally on the stage and you see now the interest that cities and assembly are raising all over the country. So cities and assembly as a model of deliberative democracy, maybe one of Ireland most consequential gifts to the world on climate change so far. Of course, very active civil society engagement we'll hear from Mary, my dear friend Mary Robinson later in the day, and you have been working on climate change for years to the school strikes, the wave of use activism help change the international climate action here, of course, as it has around the world. So, I can really acknowledge with really being very happy that Ireland is already a world leader. We, you already integrate sweet energy on this agreed as a truly impressive 40% over 2020 as a whole, and sometimes 70% at times, doubly impressive given that Ireland is a small island. We also pass laws banning fracking and diversity in sovereign wealth fund from fossil fuels, a trend that we have to encourage everywhere. Very encouraging to see Ireland box are being rehabilitated following the case of Pete extraction for fuel. So important in this day we see the role of Pete land as very important to maintain a carbon secretion. It's a real challenge to be addressed in driving down sectoral emission, particularly from agriculture, which make up over a third of your emission. The food and farming sector is just simply world famous, yet the transition to a truly Paris compatible food system will be a massive undertaking. And you can, again, give a sort of leadership for many countries who are facing the same problem I'm thinking at that time to New Zealand, for example, how long we'll have to put special effort in figuring how a small open export oriented country can develop a climate friendly agriculture and food sector. The need for the just transition in the farming sector is well understood across Europe, and you play a role in the European design of the CAP very strongly and you will play a role so please work with all the actors you can find to really make Ireland a leader in the agricultural transition to match his pioneering example on the energy transition and encourage other country, including mine on the French side in this transition. So we we thanks to Paris agreement, we have a framework to put us on the path where we want to go, but now we must deliver action to back up these goals. The government's meant that show that cop 26 collective understanding is there on how we have the house so important these days we have to achieve the goals of Paris agreement. No targets, only but really the past to get there. And then Ireland has a unique opportunity to be part of this leadership push for a Glasgow cop that would make 2021 a super year a year of transformation. And that Ireland as a fifth country a proud member of European Union can rise to these challenges. It could provide a good new story to inspire other countries facing similar challenge of their own. This beyond the actual tones of greenhouse gas is abated. That could be Ireland most decisive acts towards the implementation of the Paris agreement. So thank you again very much for this invitation. And thank you, Stefan for giving me the floor. Thank you very much, Lawrence. Thank you for your for this very very insightful presentation, touching on the importance of the EU and the green deal touching upon the inclusiveness of multilateralism which is so important for the, for the UNF triple C process, and touching upon the importance of the island's role I was myself very struck between the time I arrived in Ireland and the time I left between 2017 and 2020, at how I learned have changed its, its course and its discourse on the issue of climate change. And for that, we would be delighted to have the view of the minister in charge of this. We have already several questions coming in already but just a reminder to you all that you can submit your questions through the Q&A function on zoom, and we'll get to them shortly. So now let me introduce the second keynote speaker for this session. Amen Ryan PD is Minister for environment climate and communication and minister for transport. He was appointed to this role in June 2020. And he's also leader of the Green Party. He was elected to represent Dublin Bay South in the 2020 general election. He was the founding chairperson of the Dublin cycling campaign and began his political career as a Dublin City Councilor for the Rathmines ward. He served both as a TD for Dublin South, and as a government minister for communications, energy and natural resources. In recent years, he has worked for a European climate organization and previously chair the digital policy group at the IEA. So Minister Ryan, the floor is yours. I'm very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you today at this conference. I want to first of all start by recognizing French diplomacy and climate action. I go back as you say, former Minister of Energy is with Jean-Louis Bourlot, who brought us together as European energy ministers back in 2009, I think, to frame strong European renewables and climate legislation then. I remember being in Paris when the text of the Paris Agreement came out and the excitement, the sense of promise, the sense of for the first time in a long time in climate action that we were actually starting to make the necessary moves. And that was French diplomacy at its core. I think the same today, France is a key role. I think global violence can also play its part. Laurence, it's true what you say there has been progress here we have gone from being laggards. We're not leaders yet in actual delivery that has to come it will come, but in the political and public story around climate in our country I think things have changed that we want to shift towards leadership, and, and we'll have to. It has really ambitious targets to half our emissions in this decade. That catching up gives us a greater commitment how it requires us to make a greater change. It's beyond compare challenging. But it will lead to it. It will only work if it's a better economy, if it's a better society, it's a better country and an environment, not just in climate terms, but also in the restoration of nature. This is the 15 minutes or so I have maybe just to speak about three things about connection about community and about diplomacy in the end. And to be very real about it, because we need now to have to change reality is what our job is to change everything for the better in that the energy system and change the energy system will be core. And in that in my mind, the development of good grids connected grids is going to be central to our ability to deliver this new economy. I'm very pleased that one of the projects we have in changing reality working at the moment is an interconnector between France and the Celtic Internet. It's some 700 megawatts capability. It's very well funded and supported by the European Union. But it's critical because to change your energy system we need to switch in my mind now to zero carbon energy system. The International Energy Agency outlook is saying recently will make up the vast majority 90% of this new power system. And it will be critical for it to work to have a balancing the center of this new revolution industrial revolution is balancing variable supply and variable demand. And it will not work on isolated grids. It will work best when we have the maximum amount of interconnection. It requires more than anything else trust trust between neighbors to share power and to provide security for each other by interconnection. And particularly because with the competitive advantage now and wind and solar that the ability for us as the weather systems move across northwest Europe particularly to balance this wind power source with hydro from the absent from Scandinavia with solar from the south, So with nuclear from France, it's part of the balancing capability that we need. And that is going to be the most economic system for the development of an electricity supply and potentially other fuels coming out of it hydrogen ammonia, which will allow us power this new economy in a way that is truly competitive effective. And that allows us to electrify transport electrify heat so that we stop using fossil fuels which is what we need to do quickly. So, this, these wires, it's only that size, and it's only the start, we can run so many of these interconnections are going to be key. So that we keep the United Kingdom involved in this project. I'm on, I'm on a V. And because we're on the other side of that island yes we have France is our closest European neighbor but, but we also are very connected to the United Kingdom, and we'll be in energy terms, and also for northwest Europe to work in this energy system and we have to think in this regional The United Kingdom was not going to sail off towards the Faroe Islands or in some other direction, the tectonic plates will keep it where it is, and it's large load and it's large capacity to generate renewables as well in this balancing system is going to be key. But it is a regional system, the North Seas offshore grid initiative was signed back that that time 10 years ago and we were ministers. And it in my mind is critical now in the European Council that we make not just this connection between France and Ireland, but a whole range of new connections we've a balancing system in this energy future. And as well as providing power connection, those cables can also provide a digital connection, we have to run fiber optic cables alongside the power lines to manage the system, but also to increase our digital connectivity. And this is the second point I suppose I seek to make in this, there are various revolutions taking place in clean energy in digital revolution and a transport revolution, the digital revolution is also key. And I look forward to that enhanced digital connectivity between Ireland and France which will come from that cable. I think in the digital revolution. The key change we need to need to make is around community is around the ethics or the sense of where does the power lie. It does it lie with the citizen or does it lie with the corporation. We need to get public trust in this transition because as well as doing this balancing act at the transmission grid system. We will also need to do it at the distribution system. This is the key of the changes we need to make. If we're to electrify transport and heating that we need really sophisticated management of our distribution electricity grids to allow us to balance that power and to make it work effectively to give people the need to give people life to give people power for their work and so on. And that in my mind requires a sense of justice behind the transition requires public cooperation requires the sharing of data just as we need to share between countries power. We need to share within our community information so we can do this digital and clean energy transition in a way that has mass public support has to retain. We need this this political support for the change, we need public support for it. And that in turn has to involve a sense of involvement connection ownership. It has to be a just transition. It has to be an understanding that this transmission this change at the distribution level is the grand project to end fuel poverty in our community among our people as a way protection their health, protecting their incomes and providing for their quality everyday quality of life. So this is the second project we can work on together at the European Council. We will not have one set of digital rules for Dublin and it's different set of rules for Dijon offer. Dusseldorf are indeed for London. I think it will be the same rules because the systems we have to share here need to we need to develop them quickly and disperse them quickly and a public confidence quickly. We also need to work on those digital connect community ethics rules in my mind to make this happen. Third, these are big projects we need to do but they're the business of politics at this present time. Thirdly in diplomacy. Last you said there's a very true point how do we in Ireland, change our agriculture system which accounts for 35% of our climate emissions. And we've been an open trading country where vast majority of food is exported. The key metric here is that we increase the incomes for our farmers while the emissions reduce we provide a just transition for farming. The generation of new farmers are paid well for looking after our land, restoring nature as well as storing carbon, improving water quality, reducing pollution as well as producing high quality food. How do we do central to it in my mind is the, well is payment for those services but that in turn requires a putting a price on these natural services and recognize an economic system which starts to recognize it. In the international climate negotiations, I think as well as those trade arrangements you mentioned Stefan. We also need to start having rules and regulations around meeting, both fossil meeting but also biogenic meeting. And in my mind if you look at the European policy and meeting which was published last autumn it starts to recognize that we can't just measure meeting as a molecule in terms of oh that's the price it's the same for whatever it is we do need to make and how we price this that we achieve our biodiversity targets and our social targets, as well as our climate targets. So we want a regulation of biogenic meeting, which supports family farming, which supports those young people we need to go into looking after our land, which supports pastoral less intense farming which is not dependent on feedstock coming from one side of the world to the other and then the food going back to the other side of the world in an unsustainable system, which delivers unsustainable development goals, not just the climate goals. And, and that needs to be done at the UN and international level. And in truth we've been working on this with colleagues. We're only at the start we're not even starting we have to, we have a lot of work to do in international climate diplomacy and how we regulate meeting, both the protocols on fossil meeting and biogenic meeting. And I mentioned that because once what you said about food systems is absolutely true this is both events organized by Tom are by the IAA Tom Arnold has done some good very good luck, good work with the IAA. Tom would be going to that UN summit in September on the food summit in conjunction with the UN General Assembly with this food system approach. And we have to promote. And, and it has to be food system which is good for biodiversity which is good for climate which is good for social resilience. And, and I think then Ireland's role in this in the diplomacy side. We have just this year and next year seat on the UN Security Council as it happens. We were elected last by those small island nations and those developing emerging countries we stand for the small countries in that in that seat. We sit down for the small countries in that seat. And the, I think what we need and it won't be just delivered in Glasgow. We have to think about the cop the African cop which comes after but we need to start preparing for that man. We need to start getting agreement, perhaps through the climate and clean air coalition which was set up to to look at these short lived greenhouse gases and one other things to start saying, let us develop a protocol for biogenic methane, which supports pastoral farming in Africa, which supports climate resilience and adaptation, as well as mitigation, which turns the financing systems in the World Bank and the IMF in order the systems to support that agricultural system. And yes, absolutely Stefan what you say about the French contribution in that 6 billion investment, but we need to do so much more the whole economic system has to support that type of agriculture which is good on climate adaptation, which gives social resilience, as well as mitigation. And the reason for that is because it gives us all security. And it actually is one of the ways addressing the migrant crisis you're in Africa faces at this present time, because a lot of the migration is caused by the unsustainable insecure, not resilient agricultural environment that a lot of farming finds itself and it applies for Africa, but it also applies to Ireland and France. France and Ireland have a lot of similar conditions in agriculture in this pastoral system. And yes, maybe it's, it's, it is favoring that over an intensive industrialized feedlot type system, but I think that's appropriate I think we can justify that and it's not just out of self interest and arguing for this I think it is the food system approach you mentioned is that it backs it up. In truth, the diplomacy is only started in this. I was very encouraged that former commissioner I used to work with Andrew P. Boggs is now setting up or heading a climate methane observatory which the you, the you and environmental program has been has been established. But if you talk to people in this diplomatic area, really we are, we're only at the beginning and really we need to step up our diplomatic. And because if we do so we go to Glasgow, and we can though those developing emerging countries those small island nations which would benefit from this approach to food systems approach and climate adaptation and resilience approach to how we manage agriculture would know that we're not just going with the small crumbs are they kind of here pay you off, this is a fundamental change, which is as important as the energy or transport or other changes that we need to make. So there I'm sorry for speaking too long, but they were the three things I want to we want to work with my colleague Simon Covey is working very closely, obviously on the Security Council with myself on this. I will be working on the European Council, there is a very strong. Now, in the European Council in favor of strong climate action we have this, we have this group of ministers are not just green ministers, it's from across the political spectrum at the Council are really pushing for these type of grid interconnections, better digital, just transition type rules. And we need to develop that coalition in my mind around climate diplomacy around agriculture, which supports climate resilient adaptation. So, so that's what I look forward to in the lead up to Glasgow and beyond, because in truth. We require more than just Glasgow, but Glasgow at least is on the path that Paris set, and that's the right path. It's a legal structure, which gives us the the the right ability to frame bit like our own climate legislation it doesn't change anything in itself, but it sets up the legal structure for us to deliver the scale of change we need and for that I was I thank you. Thank you very much, Minister Ryan for these very insightful comments. Well, point well taken on methane. It's a gas that really is a low hanging fruit. It has the potency of about 28 times the potency of CO2 emissions and indeed the EU is working on it with its strategy and then France is very very aware of this and sustainable agriculture and it's linked to methane in many, in many, in many ways. And we have these, these very common challenges to face between our two countries. I have some questions coming in, and I'm aware Minister Ryan has to leave rather early. So, so I'll put this. Sorry, of course, I have a Belarusian problem at the moment we have to go and there's international transport for I have to speak later but but I'm here for the next 20 minutes. Oh, good. Good, good. So, so you so you'll be able to stay till the end of the session. That's wonderful, but I'll put the first question to you then. It's a question from Rachel told the climate ambassador for Sligo talking about ocean. He says ocean life is essential against climate change as a humpback whale in their lifespan can consume 33 tons of carbon dioxide, compared to one tree in 100 years that consumes only 2.4 tons. The question is, will the EU bring in more bring in more no fishing zones to help the ocean life thrive. Minister Ryan. Yes, we have, we have this European approach now and it's having to have 30% marine protected areas by 2030. And, and I think our ocean is 10 times our land area in size. It's the most one of the most interesting areas in the planet because it's an area that's changing properly. And it's not as vast as anywhere because as the ice melts and Greenland it comes down. We have this blob of cold air cold water and air just to the northwest of Ireland. And we need to study it. The commander Mark, Admiral Mark Miller at the head of the Irish Armed Forces is really good on this issue. He has a his degree as PhD is in climate emergency crisis management as it happens. That's the point that we really need to understand what's happening. We need, we don't have enough scientific knowledge of the ecology of the Northwest Atlantic and I think Ireland has a role we have a role to to to really invest in the research the scientific research so that it can be part of the solution because the oceans have been storing all the carbon we've been emitting. And if that is threatened which it seems according to the latest science, then this is the most critical issue. So we will, we need to invest in and that those marine protected areas give us a chance to, to do it. I would also say them that Northwest particularly Sligo Donegal up the Northwest is also probably the windiest place. The balancing system that we talk about. If in the middle of winter you have a very cold, high pressure zone, you may well wind power will not be very strong across what Europe, but it will still be strong in the northwest of Ireland, and particularly with floating offshore wind which is the technology we expect to evolve at scale, large scale. The Northwest area will still actually provide a lot of power and provide this balancing capability we need. We need to design our offshore energy systems which is going to be central to the Irish economy and the development of the Irish economy into the future. We need to design it in a way that is is sustainable with the environmental protection and restoration of marine life in the Northwest Atlantic and I think we can do that. Thank you very much. Now I have a question for both of you. It comes from David Runciman of Cambridge, who notes that climate and environmental politics are are emerging as a new fracture line in democratic systems between the old and young between those who want or need to drive and those who are able to cycle will take public transport, particularly relevant in France with the gilet jaune movement back in 2018. These are democratic policies at a structural disadvantage to implement the radical solutions needed to avert climate disaster if voters politicians and political systems all reward short term ism and dissuade long term investment. Maybe Lawrence you want to kick off. And you need to unmute yourself loss. I'm very happy to start. I'm sure that will be very interesting that minister come back because that was really a question that Island has as touch upon directly. I think this is always complex issue climate change can be portrayed as an elite issue against people. Some parties of course in particular far right parties across Europe as I try to do that. We haven't seen some some time as well at global level authoritarian regime, reading that climate change is for for well of people against against the poor people so it's a it's a really very serious question. And we see for example the movement against wind farms and and wind turbines in the eastern part of Germany as a, you know, and we will see that in front very soon unfortunately those the wind turbine is considered or something against people by the extreme government. So I think, but when you look at authoritarian regime that's not the response either because again they are vested interest there as well powerful one and you see. So I don't think it's democracy against authoritarian regime to solve the environment is about how you include people and citizen, and in a way in the shaping of public policies at least that's what I believe very strongly in. That's why at one time at one side, you need much more information reaching to the public so the experience I had through the citizen convention is that people don't get the information they need when they get the information they need they shape their consciousness making their preference differently on when they don't have that information. And you know, finally when you look at the media coverage of climate change, it's there, but it's very very shallow. So people, that was exactly what the citizen told us when we had the first session with the 150 citizen that have been chosen again randomly, and they say, you know, if we have, if we knew that it's it's a shock information when it is well done and well in profound and deep enough for for the people it's a shock and that makes them seem the question differently. And that was a collective intelligence that citizen assembly or other processes can can develop is in my views a more solid background for politicians to operate. Governments need support you can't you can't operate against your country, or when against your public. But if you don't do that, you assume that the vested interest of one who are in the street and you know the g legion have very different use you have now people organized in environment NGO nowadays. So it was not black and white it was the social justice element was the first one. We, we, we are not against the carbon tax we are getting the carbon tax if it, if it has a regressive impact on ourselves because we cannot make another transport for example. So that's why social justice is so consultation involvement of cities and given allowing the citizen to have agency in the transformation we have to face is a key element the second one of course, together and it's not one or the other social justice element the environment policy have been many times regressive in the past, because too much focused on on in a way accessibility and prices, and we need a much more public engagement infrastructure allowing poorest household to benefit from the environment policy and not be paying the price of it so that means my response to it. Thank you very much, Lawrence, just to clarify the question came from Alex Conway, who's a researcher at IAEA is quoting David Rumsman. Minister Ryan, your reaction on that question and I'm afraid we'll have to wrap up after that, that final intervention. Okay, and I might take a few minutes to answer them if I can, because it's not it's a very big question a good question. I do think Ireland is is interesting what we've done politically has been significant in in in getting a broader consensus for action. Turn that into decisions that actually you were you we allocate space for public transport and so on or it's going to be different but we have. I think often good things come out of failures in the way if you know we made. We had a real loss of confidence in our democratic system after the financial crash we were flying and then with the Irish public. It was a very hard hit to our confidence and are in our political system as well as anything. And, and out of that some innovative thinking came in politically in Ireland around our constitutional democratic public and which we're very proud of. And but it included innovations like the Citizens Assembly model which did have an effect on us and not just in climate but another social issues that have been difficult for us to address in many for many years. We have to be very careful that it's not just a quick fix solution just oh you just do a citizen 70 then you're fine. What we learned is, is that you have to then trans you have to then bring that into the parliament which we did with with really involving the parliament on a cross party basis with the Joint Justice Committee which was very good work and in fairness to then the then minister back that up and work to a collaboration way and it's. That's step by step it takes five years maybe some of the political consensus that has grown. But also secondly I think for the failure the environmental movement we got it wrong for 30 years, you know we are messaging, particularly on climate. And particularly maybe always constantly putting the emphasis on the individual you know are you doing the right thing and it. That's my personal views. I am about eight or nine 10 years ago, a group of us came together I was involved in one thing called climate gatherings.org and we were looking at what is the story we tell how do we tell the story. Because we were clearly getting the story of climate change wrong in terms of, you know, people were switched off from what we were saying or they felt ashamed or it wasn't working. And there was various. We did some work evolving about creative people involved in the burn college version and other places to think about this. And we came back some very simple thoughts that I keep sharing because they're still running home true to me today. How do we do this well we start by asking people for help rather than telling them what to do. We start by listen, we start by admitting uncertainty we don't know all the technology, it will change it will evolve and we learn by doing. And this is the most hard one. We often also have to hasten slowly 15 Atlanta, and that's a really difficult one because there's such an urgency for change. But if you just kind of come across like that you make mistakes for one, but also people can sense it and so you have to some ways to step back and think what is the how do we approach this and step back to listen is one of the. I suppose we really came to the understanding that we need to move away from technocratic language and also or you cannot kind of metric language to emotional language around this and frame it in a way which which speaks to the core of all human condition which is to care for the home and care for the, the, the heart that the center of and community and connection, and, and to inspire remember that it was just happening all over the world in recent years, just be part of this kind of agreement. There was campaign people will remember it here in Dublin we did something in Stevens green and it was, and the words we used on the slogans of the day was for the love of. Action and climate and it was willing to speak of love and climate and, and start framing it in some of that language actually is important and and included in that is you don't divide you avoid the, the other and the kind of young versus old urban versus rich or left right or even it won't work, it has to be involve everyone it has to be everywhere. And also just changing the psychology people says that why should I do it when the Chinese aren't doing well actually you have the opportunity to do you have the you're the center you're the, you're the key person your village is the key place your village is nature being restored in all its glory, and that's as important as the jungle in Brazil that's every place matters and I finished on this at that event. There was a brilliant Irish fiddle player Martin Hayes, I don't know if people know Martin is great. His, his wife was there she Spanish lady, and she, she happened to this where we were thinking about this for several days, and at the very end she just blew me away with some of her comments that I know nothing about climate all I, but I know I love her children or home or heart and the desire to protect that. And it's just spoke to an emotional thing within all of us which belongs to everyone it's not exclusive it's not. And that's what we do have to appeal to and for all the grid talk or diplomacy talk. It's the heart and speaking to the heart of the home and protection of the home is where I came around to in terms of how we avoid whatever vest you're wearing that's something that belongs to everyone. It's that scale of protection you have to appeal to and people's people's emotional side. Well thank you very much thank you both for these very insightful comments which shows that there's so many challenges but also so so many solutions that can be found so long so long as we remain determined to make things happen and and remain really committed to those needed changes. So thank you again that was really, really very insightful. And to let our audience know that the second session of the conference will commence right now after the session. And it will address the role that the business community can play in achieving sustainability and decarbonization decarbonization targets. And if you have not yet registered for the session you can follow the zoom link which I believe you will now see in the discussion box on your screen. Thank you all. Thank you very much for IEA and the French Embassy for convening this this overall event and the session in particular. Merci beaucoup Lawrence. Merci beaucoup Minister Ryan and keep the good work and and we'll stay in touch.