 I am Dr. Rakesh Deshmane, Consultor Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeon in Manipal Hospital, Cova. Today I just wanted to brief you about coronary artery disease, which is still the major killer in today's era. Coronary artery disease is nothing but the blockages inside our coronary arteries, which are the main blood supply of our heart. So that blockages may be in the one artery, two arteries, or all the three arteries our heart has had. So according to your blockages and restraint of the blockages, the treatment will be advised. What will be the features or what are the symptoms of the coronary artery disease? The person who is having diabetes, who is having blood pressure, who is having high cholesterol levels, and they have come with the symptom of what we call as exerzonal angina, or chest pain after walking for a long distance, or exerzonal dyspnea. So these are the main prior symptoms. So how we diagnose the coronary artery disease? First is there are two types of diagnosis. First is intervention and non-intervention. So first we will get the non-intervention, meaning in which we don't prick the patient, or we just by doing two tests we call as 2D ecography, or we call as stress test. On the stress test or the treadmill test, we make you to run on a treadmill machine and at that simultaneously we do the ECG. If there are some changes in that ECG, then we will advise you the further intervention. There is another test we called as 2D ecocardiography. On that we measure the function of the heart, condition of all the walls of our heart, as well as we called as the ejection fracture or the pumping action of the heart. On that if any major things are there, then your cardiologist or your physician will advise you to go ahead with the thing we called as coronary angiography. Coronary angiography is nothing in simple language. The x-ray of our heart or x-ray of the arteries of our heart. In that your cardiologist will admit you in the hospital. They will do an angiography through the hand vessels or leg vessels depending on that. You can come to know the diagnosis of the coronary artery disease. You will get the full picture how much arteries are involved by the disease and how much percentage are the blockages, how extensive are the blockages. Depending on that they may project you to go under the PTCA or in the simple language we called as coronary angioplasty or angioplasty or if the blockages are there in all the three vessels which are major, which are long segment, then you may proceed to the surgery which is called as coronary artery bypass grafting or in simple language we called as the bypass surgery. In this era we are doing those kind of surgery very commonly. We are using total arterial graft which has better longevity. We are doing the beating heart surgery in that we don't stop your heart and we perform the surgery that all things are being done routinely here in Manipal Hospital Goa. Along with this we do the surgeries for the heart walls, hole in the heart like called as ASDs or VSDs and other malformations of the heart.