 Yeah, today we have a nice talk with Ulf Trieger, who is here today to talk about space making and space shaping. Like I said, maps are a huge part of our reality today. We use maps a lot and they change the way we see the world and maybe they also change our perspective on a lot of other things. And so today we have a talk here and Ulf Trieger, whom I'm welcoming very, very warm today. He will give you some more insights about what's possible and what we can do with maps. So give him a warm applause. Welcome Ulf. Yeah, thank you for the announcement and for the invitation. I'll say it in German. The announcement was in English, but I'll speak in German. There is a live translation into English and there will be a live translation into English. So please, if you need this call this deck number or CCAP at the Angels. I want to talk about maps. I'll talk about maps. I'll talk about digital maps in the next half an hour. But I also want to tell you that maps are becoming more important in their digitalization nowadays for our everyday life, for our perception, for our view of the world. And I would like to tell a few examples from the pre-digital time to show that maps are never neutral, never valuable, they always carry a value in themselves, they always carry a message in themselves, they are always created under certain conditions, they are always created under certain conditions. And I think that these examples I will show you in a moment maybe also the understanding of how maps work today, how they change their space, how they shape their space and also the simplicity, the understanding of it. I would like to show you three examples of how digital map technologies nowadays show how development can continue. I can't really say much about the impact, the political, the cultural and social impact, but I would at least put it in the context of how development will continue. And I have already said that maps are never neutral, they are always a social, political product. And I think that it is important to find a constructive transition and would like to show three examples of map projects at the end of the time, projects that are antagonistic, that try to show an alternative way of view. And I think that is important because this functionality, this practical use of maps has to be adjusted by telling about subjects, by antagonistic alternative ways of view, how we perceive space and how we understand space. And I would like to start if everything works out from the technical point of view. With a very old map, because it is interesting how it shows space. It is also a map that was widely spread over centuries in its shape. It has a cycle map or circle map, so it has this aesthetically closed shape. And it is interesting because of these maps that metaphysical information, feelings, myths, monsters, dragons, rather rational knowledge of space, flow, stories, subjects that move through this space, everything has to do with each other. And since it is a Christian European map, there is a center point. The center point is in all these Christian maps always Jerusalem. That means the own position is not important here, but rather there is a whole picture of the world. These maps, as I said, were there for a long time. But at some point they lost their use more and more. There was a much greater need that you can really use maps for navigation, i.e. a previously used map that we have today. And a decisive pressure that was created to develop such maps came across the seafront, across the surface of the continent, across the seabed, and someone who managed to achieve this relatively successfully was a good navigable map maker, Mercator 1594. And Mercator solved the problem, so to speak, how to imagine the world ball as a surface. That is not possible without further ado. You have to make mathematical calculations. And his model worked very well for that time. That is why we use the pre-installed map projections, which we also use in digital maps. And only very, very late, only in the 1970s, the 20th century, there was a criticism of these maps, of this map shape, of this map projection. And the criticism mainly said that the map projections were for navigation, i.e. that it is faithful to the angle in order to call it that. So you can set a course and you come out of it if you didn't navigate. But the conclusion is that this map is grotesque, wrong, what the representation of the land masses is. That means, and it is short to explain, that in the north and in the south, the land masses are very, very much overburdened. And around the equator, which I can show about here, so mainly the southern continents, the land mass is very, very much smaller. You can see it relatively well in Greenland. Up here, this map is roughly the same size as Africa, but in reality it is only a twelfth as big as Africa. And the criticism of these maps was not just this, so to speak, you get used to this view, you see it as truth, as objectivity. This map was wrong, what the surface trust is. And in principle, it favorizes this wrong view, because it has been created by Europeans and four in Europe, so to speak, are somewhat disadvantageous, because our land area is relatively small, different countries are there, and this grotesque magnification of the European space is, so to speak, bought and thus, so to speak, the wrong representation of reality. This research did not lead us to the fact, that there are new map projections, because navigating further is the most important thing. But it has opened up the space to understand that maps are never, so to speak, only neutral and if mistakes occur, that they often, for example, from an ideological or at least economical perspective, then may be taken or tolerated accordingly. Another very important point from the history of cartography is a conference that took place in New York in 1884, the International Meridian Conference. And this conference was important, because there were relatively successful tools for navigation through the lake. There was the lake, but there was a great deal of coordinate systems and, above all, a time zone. Every major power system, every empire had its own coordinate system. Even Denmark, which is a time-long manufacturer of Altona, which was part of Hamburg today, had its own coordinate system. And there were, I think, many different time zones. So, for example, with the train through North America, you had to do with up to 75 different local times. And, first of all, if you had left a train, you had to reorient yourself and ask yourself what the local time is now. And in order to unify these individual solutions of the different power systems, there was this conference. So, the pressure was, so to speak, to synchronize trade, transport and traffic. And in the end, at that time, the most powerful country, the most powerful empire, namely Great Britain. You can see it here. And you will all know that, since this 1884 conference, the zero point has been running through this pre-location of London, through Krimitzch, which is also synchronized by the Krimitzch Mean Time. And what you can basically determine is that a whole variety of different temporalities and temporalities have been solved. One has, so to speak, started to understand space as something homogenous or something unique. And at the same time, developed to be able to communicate worldwide via coordinates, which was a very important circumstance for the further development. And to give you an example, why this development, perhaps also what we have the effect of this development, or this standardization, is a conference here, which will be held shortly after this Meridian Conference took place in Berlin. The Kongo Conference, 1884-1885, the dates, I think for a long time, four months. And there were, again, many interesting spheres, mainly European colonial powers, like Germany, like France, like England, like Spain, but also Belgium, and tried to understand how to deal with Africa. You can see it here in the map, how to deal with Africa further. It was mainly because there were parts of Africa that were not colonized from Western views, from European views, that were not known, that were not explored. And they wanted, in principle, this area to be part of this conference. And of course, this was only as a concept of the territory away from a great distance, of course, only with corresponding maps and uniform standards to be able to understand which interesting spheres of whom, how, are mastered, where the borders are, which then, perhaps, are divided by military or border police. So, in this case, there is such a temporary, interesting approach to this Meridian Conference. And at the same time, I will show this example, that maps always have the function to define territories, to defend them, that perhaps also about the will and about the purpose of the individual people who live these territories, what we are currently doing with colonialism to a very large extent led to humanity. And that is, so to speak, also a power function that can be used, so to speak, through maps. Another example that I chronologically not only allows you to arrange, but also shows such a space-filling function, so to speak. This is the airfield photography. So, the airway was created, military like civil. The photography was created and together, relatively quickly, the technology of the airfield photography was developed because it had a huge, huge simplification of the cartography. You could fly quite quickly over an area and capture it photographically. Of course, it was much easier than to send individual country fairings through the country, which had to collect relatively difficult data on-ground. Here you could go large-scale, you could go rationally and then at home on the map table apply corresponding information. And maps were much more precise because more information could be captured. These maps, the example that I just showed, are in the first World War. It was created in 2016. In the first World War, the airfield photography was very widespread in principle. And after the end of the first World War, this technology, this knowledge, how to evaluate pictures, how to transfer them into maps, transfer them into civil society, into many different areas, into political areas, into cultural, artistic areas. One example to mention is here Le Corbusier, one of the most important architects of the 20th century, who welcomed this view, the airfield photography on the earth, which is a kind of God-like view angle, not just a bird, but rather a shepherd. And this gesture was taken in his further work. He worked as a city planner and you can see here on this screenshot a documentary film quite well, how he looked at relatively large-scale urban structures, and looked at them as well with such a light hand from above, the structures were formed, concepts were thought of as urban planning, for example, also to aesthetic point of view. And these aesthetic point of view could only be made in the structure by the airfield photography manufacturers, how these things can work. And in this case, of course, Le Corbusier was criticised by this distanced point of view on the world, who no longer dealt with details, with the individuality that we live with, with all this noise that exists, but rather focused on the large structures. But what is also important is that the airfield photography has entangled other areas, for example, to say, good, for example, to mention that Shann Hafner pointed out about a French city sociologist who called himself Paul Orie Jean Barnante, and he used the airfield photography to show social circumstances in urban development. For example, to show that typical structures of poor city districts can be recognized, that you can see that the living conditions are very bad there, very, very tight buildings, little infrastructure and compared to able to contrast rich city districts and his assumptions, his research was mainly discussed, widely discussed because he had this scientific, objective character of maps and airfield photography and accordingly to rethink or at least make sense for social components in urban planning or urban construction. You have to say that the airfield photography was also criticized by other scientists very, very strongly . For example, Orie Le Fébri, who pointed it out as a term, completely rejected airfield photography, said that it is a surveillance room for him, so a state surveillance control room that he, so to say, for all the long social, political kind has been rejected because for him the perspective on the ground, the perspective of the individuals who live in these cities and these structures is much more important than this look around and others like Foucault and so on . There was a debate, there was a discourse that was possible by these new technologies. And what you can't forget or you have to keep in mind that they are now realistic. So the maps are more detailed, more detailed, sharper. The photos without that, but still with these maps is still about representation, whether education is that, so to say, became more complex in the production, technically more elaborate, so maybe more natural, but ultimately still were representations. And this point starts to change in the future. Just as an example that you all know through the introduction of the global positioning systems in the 80s then I think in 1989, 1990, then also for the private uses were released. Nowadays, there is the Klos-Nass as a Russian system, the EU is working on its own system. But this this form of global positioning brought one decisive factor into the cartography, namely the automatic relatively precise representation of its own position on the map. And with that it is possible what we all know today. In the introduction it was also mentioned navigation systems that guide us through the city that share our positions and two other things happen through this global positioning system through GPS and through such forms of navigation systems. Once the map changes. The map was always an overview plan, so relatively large. You always have so to say, if you have only used the navigation map, you always had the context in mind. You could always read it. You could also collect information on the way you want to go. The focus now changes much smaller, much smaller. We now actually only get a navigation screen to see. Not the context anymore. We read maybe not only we look rather at the map. We get asked or asked a lot of additional information offered by someone who is moderated and has an influence on it. What is shown there? This is a very, very important change that changes in navigation form. Of course, the perspective changes here too. There is no longer this divine perspective from above, from normal maps, but this well, Ego shooter has a perspective on the terrain. You have to let the terrain move. An important point that here maybe in this quote is somewhat abstract, but earlier it was always created before. I have used the moment of the map was always separate to the moment of the map drawing. Through these GPS devices that we carry around with us, through these mobile phones, through the auto navigation systems, they are permanently drawn sometimes wanted, sometimes not wanted, sometimes through surveillance agencies, sometimes through software that brings more or less comfort promises with themselves, but I will permanently do that. That means that drawing and using the maps fall together. There are two things that are no longer separated, not only distinguishable, maps are constantly modified by my movement and it would be of course a new level of information added because I move through the space. Maybe that's just as an environment that is interesting, where there are different considerations that know that a personal space moves with the use of the map of the map falls together. And that brings me to the point now a little bit to look in the future or to see what it is right now for technological developments that are interesting, that the maps may still be changed, which may also be equipped with power, as we just saw from the aerial photography, so that they in politics, in social spaces, in cultural spaces and these are maybe three aspects that I just want to show you that one aspect is that the satellite photography as a successor of the aerial photography now so to speak makes a kind of dimension jump it is at least said by observers because I think now satellite photography in the commercial public area there is about 90, 95 probably someone in the audience better than me at the moment about 100, 120 satellites produced are already deployed or will be shot in the world in the next years they are relatively small they are so large in size or large in size of small companies produced that can have a different purpose than the quality of the pictures that are drastically increased you can see it here on this satellite picture of 2012 which already has a relatively good resolution perspective but such a light isometric view and the second what these satellites bring with them is by the amount of satellites that are now deployed that they the interval of the photos that they can make drastically increase so at the moment it is usually that a favorite place of a satellite provider of a satellite photo provider that a favorite place on the world can be visited 6-7-8 times a day that means there is a relatively very precise training of what is happening there that is for the already mentioned aspect of surveillance of the automated surveillance interesting point and of course also for every form of commercial card use the second point that is interesting where there is relatively little information at the moment is of course like in other areas digitalization is being worked on how you can build algorithms the activities that other people do in this case it is about machines or algorithms self-learning to develop mechanisms that can map that is for example Facebook there comes this great colorful beautiful but shiny photo here February 2016 announced this year that such a mechanism is now actively coming to Facebook that the population density worldwide want to measure through the evaluation of satellite photos I believe as far as I understand from the technology that is being applied there now not sophisticated because this technology just finds buildings and then calculates how many people could live in it but it is a trend that is shown by such announcement that more and more algorithms will start to draw cards and that is created now with the satellite photography on the one hand and with what I would like to show you now briefly, namely these real-time data flows that are increasingly falling that are increasingly generated by sensors that these three components together new forms of cartography will be generated with real-time I mean in the first line data from the transport space so from the Ford movement there are different types of stakeholders from industrial directions that have a strong interest to be active here to collect data here to extract data to extract data here that is of course the auto industry that is a word tribalist cars so driverless cars that are also other interests that is for example the platform economy over lift to name a few more examples there are also state places that have interest in it and in principle so to speak different levels attempts or undertakings to collect data you see it now in such a car that with leadership and other sensors is equipped and shows how it takes around the city but it can also be quite specifically here for example a hamburger project under the label smart city this is a screenshot of such a control surveillance monitor in the hamburger port here is traffic control of trucks that so to speak can be controlled for real time can be monitored here it is about traffic optimization here it is about traffic control and that is maybe also a problem that now through these real data flows that are created that are populated by the various types of sensors that here is actually trying something that is what we today perceive as everyday namely these streets auto-centered uses of the city rooms so to speak here continues to be manifested how you can maybe minimize traffic how you can develop other traffic paths but then rather tries through a massive use of digital technologies of catering existing systems so to speak to keep life or to bring it forward and I think this is honestly an environment that plays a role here a second important point if you look at these three things satellite photography machines that start to cater and this big data influence the sensors in the city rooms that there are different types of cards so at the moment it is still more and more dissolving dissolving at the moment so to speak the catering instance for years for decades was the state the disaster emper other state institutions that is now more and more solved with high tempo through private institutions through through companies such as Alphabet through small companies such as Uber or Lyft these have high precision very detailed very precise card data and moving data in these cards and it is important for example such effects that there are cards that we get as a face as maybe user or as a driver but not what for example looks over so to speak in a more classic form of cartography for example a screenshot of the cards that only looks over so to speak such a command and control look on here in this case San Francisco here are information included that you as a normal person do not have and that is surely a problem an environment an effect that will be sharpened next year that there are very different weights or filters from what we take in the city the second aspect and I have to shorten a little bit because my time is about to end the second important effect the introduction you can see here this example this culture pop-culture hypes around pokemon go that these three factors satellite photography algorithms the machines the cards build and as a third these big data flows together to ensure that also people get a new geography from city to city that is here an example from a pokemon go heard meeting in San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf where so to say very new ways very new movements must be created in the city that so to say through this melange from these three factors are generated that was a little overview about these different tendencies we can maybe at the Q&A or later talk about what so to say can still be read I just wanted two or three ideas in the space place what is just as important to show at the beginning also said that it is important in addition to these functional cards which so to say for profit-oriented are set up or to navigation are offered is just as important to create the other views of the world other views from space and from city can present and then I find it very important that these cards also so to say the discussion space open maybe also the view sharp on what so to say the subjects so we are in the room and it's not just about structures and data flows and an example to call that something older is what I think is great is from the Institute for Applied Autonomy from the year 2001 a flash application that a very nice small tactical tool you see in New York you see these red four corners are all video surveillance cameras and this tool offers to give and the goal to give and then shows the way through the city room with the smallest video surveillance and that's of course a nice example for such a tactical tool so that of course also has a message so the Institute for Applied Autonomy have similar other such projects and always said that's a tool that we offer but it's of course also there a critique to formulate for example the surveillance society ask questions and maybe something like social justice of rooms also to thematize two other examples the more in the direction stories tell but also important are or almost equally important it is, for example, again a project from the United States the anti-eviction mapping project from San Francisco in San Francisco the problem that it has been for over 20, 30 years a very high gentrification pressure so the established population layers will be separated by new ones and the anti-eviction mapping project makes it the task to document these distribution processes especially distribution through housing ads and what they do is not only to produce beautiful numbers in colorful, loud and even wild maps but always to bring information from the people who are affected that means actually the map is more an access project to the stories of the individual and the victims of this distribution are often shown not as an archive not as a museum but as a living construct to see what is wrong here and to be active because always people are behind the victims of this development and here an example of the anti-eviction mapping project as a kind of mural in the city the map will be transferred and therefore the city will be affected and the last small project from Munich I already had an example of the conference on colonialism talked Germany was restricted in colonialism was very active in this area that's why there are in all major German cities also traces of colonialism and there are in all cities or in many cities also projects these traces document also not for historical reasons but they say we want a continuity of colonialism and thematize what they have done on this project that they have taken a real map with real coordinates but what we otherwise know have left so street related systems and related to it just that what they want to thematize that in a spatial context and therefore their information and their form of the narration of the story to bring together and I think that's a very important project that once of the classic map but also focuses on a story on an antagonistic form of the world and at the end I have 30 seconds I want to show it is of course very important that digital cartography has a huge advantage today it is easy to use the technologies are relatively usable and to count on a few add-ons there is open street map with open data resources from which you can help so javascript libraries desktop GIS systems it is quite meaningful to think out your own maps to come away maybe from a classic car driver map to draw the base layer and just what I just showed in these three examples flexibility timeliness to bring the context of maps also in the statement and social relevance to expand very important if there is no open geodata please create and then with other parts open street map to do a little more advertising is a perfect basis to continue building these maps and all that under the goal is telling yourself to think so that the future can be influenced by these maps we are not only influenced by the maps they navigate us from A to B thank you thank you great there are still questions to the topic a little time we still have one or two questions we can take if there is still someone over there there is already someone just speak to the microphone yes hello thank you for the cool lecture a few remarks I would still because you said that maps at the same time go a little closer map at the same time map and and use I think that only applies to great uses because for example the travel guide the old 17th century were also used at the same time and it was also with maps that were written with I'm sorry we don't quite understand I'm sorry that's not a question but a comment do we have a question please or is it all I get now the sign that we have to close I'm sorry but we can still ask the UFO is not otherwise I'm still a little bit in the front exactly in the front you can talk to me thank you