 Welcome to the class once again. I hope that you are all gaining from these classes and learning something new, practicing what you are learning in class over here, practicing all the conversation that we do over here and trying to speak as much Japanese as you can. So, well today also we will do something new, we will do some new kanji, new verb forms and lot of new vocabulary, but before that as always we will go over the assignments that I had given you. So, well let us see what the assignments were. The first assignment was, take the appropriate word from the brackets. So, well the first one is oikutsu, Rao san wa oikutsu desu ka? Now ikutsu is also given over here, ikutsu means number and the moment you put oikutsu, oikutsu is polite for age as I had told you earlier. So, well Rao san wa oikutsu desu ka, Rao san, how old are you? Then we have the next one, ashita doko e ikimasu ka? Not itta because it is ashita and not ikanai. Ashita doko e ikimasu ka? Then asoko no kata wa donata desu ka? You could also use dare over here, but donata again is polite because kata is here, kata is again polite for hito. So, well asoko no kata wa donata desu ka? And you could also add sama over here after donata. That would make it even more polite and tenei. Then we have Rao san wa doko no chokurei to tabeta ka? Doko is where? Tabe mashita ka plain form tabeta. Tanaka san no kaisha wa otaku kara chikai desu ka? Otaku is again polite for uchi. My house, one's own house is uchi and someone else's house is otaku. You will never say watashi no otaku wa eki kara chikai desu, watashi no uchi wa eki kara chikai desu. Kono jitensha wa benri desu, it is a convenient saiku. Mondai wa musukashii desu, hito is kashikoi which is intelligent. Mondai could be kantan, mondai could be musukashii desu. Mondai wa kantan desu, mondai wa musukashii desu. So you could have kantan, you could have musukashii. Mondai wa kantan na mondai desu. So well, as we do not have na over here, you may or may not use kantan. Mainichi doko de shokuji wo shimasu ka? Doko is where and de, place de action wo shimasu. And the second assignment is fill in the blanks with appropriate particles. So you have to fill particles over here. Let us see what the particles are. Rao san wa toki doki shokudo de tabimasu. As I told you just now in the previous exercise, kino watashi wa Rao san ni aimashita. Ni over here is for aimasu, aimasu will take particle ni. Then tokyo wa nihon no shiuto desu, nihon no of shiuto is capital, kesa oto-san to tenis o shimashita, oto-san to issho ni or oto-san to tenis with my father. Watashi wa mayasa uchi de shinbun wo yomimasu. I read the paper every day at home. Then we have Rao san wa shumatsu ni, nani wo shimasu ka? Shumatsu is time expression, so with time expression it is always ni. Then we have watashi no haawa, daigaku ni hataraki, imouto san wa itsu amerika e irashaimasu ka? Irashaimasu again is polite for ikimasu or kimasu as we have done earlier. Well, now we have some kanji practice for you. The first word is sensei, let us see what it is. Then say, then we have kyou, then we have umu. These two are different, though look very similar but very very different. This is umu, umu is to be born. This character itself means to give birth to, then ashita, kaimasu. Of course, these two are again different, though look similar. Kaimasu, hanashimasu, kyuujitsu, kyuujitsu is a yasumi de. This is yasumi, this is yasumi de, a holiday, gonin, this is also go, this is also go and this is also go, gonin for person, then kesa. Today, well the fourth one is change verb, form to te kudasai and nai de kudasai. Please do and please do not do. So, kokode shashin wo toranai de kudasai, kono gyū ni wo non de kudasai, kokono computer wo tsukawanai de kudasai. And please for computers, it is computer, please try to get the correct pronunciation because it is very difficult if it is not pronounced properly. It is not understood. Atsui kara mado wo akete kudasai, okikoede hanasanai de kudasai, minasan koko ni kaite kudasai, abunai kara koko ni tatanai de kudasai, abunai is dangerous, tatanai de kudasai means please do not stand. It is a request to do as the verb is saying, samui kara doua wo akenai de kudasai, please do not open. There is more practice for you. You can practice this as well. Someone is running Tanaka san is going away in a big hurry looking at his watch, so isogimasu isoi de kudasai, iso gu is the verb, then torimasu toru totte kudasai, norikaemasu norikaeru norikaete kudasai, norikaemasu means to change from one mode of transport to another mode. Then, mite kudasai, minai de kudasai, mimasu and the verb is miru, suwanai de kudasai, suu is the verb, s-u-u to smoke, sutte kudasai and suwanai de kudasai, suimasu in masu form. This was for you in plain form, masu form, de kudasai form, nai de kudasai form. So, you can make sentences with this, use these words and try to make sentences. Making sentences is very good because it helps you in conversation. So, do not think that making sentences is very childish, you are in class 1 and you are making sentences no, this gradually will help you in talking in your conversation. If you remember, we had done kureru and kudasaru in our previous lesson somewhere. Well, kureru and kudasaru, kureru and kudasaru, gomenasai, kudasaru. We will practice this today over here. You can see on the slide, you can see lot of words written, okasan, sensei, bucho, tomodachi. Then you have hon, jisho, fuku, tokei, prezento, seta and kureru and kudasaru. So, well, we can practice right away, okasan wa watashi ni tokei o kuremashita. Okasan or otousan or sensei, bucho, any of these wa watashi ni tokei hon, shousetsu o kuremashita. Any combination you can make and okasan wa watashi ni okane o kuremashita, otousan wa watashi ni shousetsu o kuremashita, bucho wa watashi ni wine o kuremashita. So, any of these you can use and you can make sentences, ask your partner and answer. Over here, you can see there is one more sensei wa watashi ni jibiki o kuremashita. They gave a jibiki to me and a jibiki is a reference book. There is another one, okasan wa watashi ni okane o kuremashita, okasan gave okane to me. So, when someone who is senior to you, when someone who is older to you, gives something to you, then it is always kuremasu because of your position. Then we have, now we will do something new, nani wo shite imasu ka? This is something new today. You have done the te form earlier, but with kudasai, we will do with imasu over here. Now, first before we do any explanation, let us listen to this radio conversation and let me see how much you understand. Tanaka san, kochira wa Arun san desu. Watashi no tomodachi desu. Hajimemashite, yoroshiku. Ah, yoroshiku. Arun san mo Indo kara desu ka? Hai, sou desu. Ima Rao san to onajigakko de nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu. Ah, sou desu ka. Ganbate kudasai. Tanaka san, sumimasen. Taro-kun ga asoko kara chotto yonde imasu no de, chotto itte mimasu. Ah, douzo. Well, how much did you understand? Tell me. I am sure most of it, except for this new form and a couple of new words that are here, I will read it out to you once and explain later. This is a dialogue between three people, Rao san, Arun san and Tanaka san. Well, Tanaka san, kochira wa Arun san desu. Watashi no tomodachi desu. Hajimemashite, yoroshiku. Yoroshiku. Arun san mo Indo kara desu ka? Hai, sou desu. Taro san to onajigakko de nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu. Ah, sou desu ka. Ganbatte kudasai. Tanaka san, sumimasen. Taro-kun ga asoko kara yonde imasu no de, chotto itte mimasu. Douzo. Itte kudasai. Could also be added over here. So well, Tanaka san, kochira. This person over here is Arun san. He is my friend and of course, the general introduction that you do, Hajimemashite, yoroshiku. Informal. Thus it is yoroshiku over here, otherwise in a formal situation, yoroshiku onegai shimasu. Again it is yoroshiku, informal. Ah, Arun san mo Indo kara desu ka? Arun san is from India. That is right. Hai, sou desu. Rao san to onaji gakkou de, onaji is same, similar, same gakkou de nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu. I am studying. Ah, sou desu ka. Ganbatte kudasai. Well, work hard. Tanaka san, sumimasen. I am sorry. Taro-kun ga asoko kara yonde imasu no de, chotto itte mimasu. Taro-kun is again informal for san. I think you already know ga asoko kara from there, yonde imasu is calling me. So because of that, I will go and go and see. I will just go and see what is the matter and he says dozo. An informal dozo itte kudasai is very, very formal. Well, this is a very general introduction. We will just do it properly. This is in the script. You can see Kanji and Katakana and Hiragana again and you should practice. Write all this once and you will be more familiar with Katakana and Hiragana and Kanji also. And you can get used to these symbols over here, these Kanji characters, some of them. This is a general normal explanation what you would say in English. Not a literal translation please. Not an exact literal translation of what is written in Roman. So now, as you have done the te-form of the verb, I do not think I need to explain te-form to you anymore. We did it in detail last time but today it is a new form. So verb in te-form plus imasu. We have done verb in te-form plus kudasai. Now this is different. This is a request verb in te-form is same, imasu is you are doing an activity and activity is in progress. So continuous action is in imasu form. Our example, yonde imasu or as we are studying over here now, benkyou shite imasu or as all of you are at the moment listening to what I am saying, kiite imasu or again as I am teaching to you, as I am telling a lot of things to you, oshi-ete imasu. Well, I am also talking, so hanashite imasu and again, what else can you think of? Tell me. Well, there is one more, I am standing over here, so tatte imasu and what are you all doing? You are sitting, so suwatte imasu. So, I am sure this imasu form is quite clear now, verb in te-form plus imasu. Te-form we did last time, imasu is given over here, I have just told you what all it is. So well, you can say a lot of things now, you can talk more freely in Japanese now and convey a lot many things more easily. So well, I will just read it out once, kiite imasu. So, the sound is long over here, kiite imasu, kaette imasu, gambatte imasu, suwatte imasu, hanashite imasu, tabete imasu, mite imasu, oshi-ete imasu. As I just told you, hanashite imasu, for the time being well, we will just stick to imasu form only, verb in te-form plus imasu, do this a little later. You can practice, look at the picture and let us see what they are doing. So, the picture shows a man talking on phone, nani wo shite imasu ka, denwa wo shite imasu. So please, when I speak like this, please try to repeat after me, it will make things very easy and simple. Denwa wo shite imasu, denwa wo suru. Then we have Tanaka san working somewhere, shigou to wo shite imasu, he is working. And then we have Tanaka san reading a newspaper, shinbun wo yonde imasu. And as I told you in the beginning, Tanaka san is always going to be with us here all the time in our class, so any of these pictures will always have Tanaka san with us. Tanaka san is sleeping, so well, ima nete imasu. What is he doing? He is drinking, ima kocha wo non de imasu. And we have another picture here, writing something, so well, tegami wo kaite imasu. So, I am sure as I am speaking like this and you are practicing, the te imasu form, the sound of this form is now very clear to you and I am sure you will be able to use it freely now. I think there is more practice. Well, you have a lot more pictures here, so many of them, a lot of people are doing, taking a photograph, taking medicine, playing, watching TV, writing a letter, reading papers, so let us see what it is. Can you tell me? Well, the first one is, nani wo shite imasu ka, that is a general question, nani wo shite imasu ka, shashin and toru, well, shashinototte imasu. Tanaka san wa Mariko san no shashinototte imasu, kusuri, medicine, nomu, kusuri wo non de imasu, Tanaka san wa kusuri wo non de imasu. The third one is, kouen asobu, kodomotachi wa kouen de asonde imasu, terubi milu, Tanaka san wa uchi de terubi wo mite imasu. Then we have, tegami kaku, tegami wo kaite imasu. Tanaka san wa okaasan ni tegami wo kaite imasu. Then shinbun yo mu, shinbun wo yonde imasu, Tanaka san wa shinbun wo yonde imasu. So well, you have this over here in the left column, these words are given, you have these te-forms over here in column B. You can make longer sentences by adding what we have done in our previous classes instead of just having this small sentence. So, please try to do that. Now, as you can see, te imasu form of the verb indicates that a certain action is in progress. And as the example is given, you can go over the example and see what it means. Now, in our previous lesson, we did verb in te-form plus mite kudasai. Verb in te-form plus another te-form kudasai verb in te-form plus imasu. So, now we have done all three, we will try to practice verb in te-form plus mite kudasai. This is in a school, ga-kou de sumimasen, watashi wa kasa wo wasuremashita, doko de wasuremashita ka, kyou-shitsu ni wasuremashita, ah, sou desu ka, chotto matte kudasai, watashi wa kiite mimasu, sumimasen, onegai shimasu. So, well, you can forget anything anywhere. It could be a kaban, techo, that is your diary, teki, that is your pass, your daily commuters pass, railway pass or your bus pass, saifu which is your wallet. You could forget it on the table, tsukue no ue ni in the jimushitsu, in the shokudo sensei no hea ni or genkan no maini. You could forget it anywhere and then, denwa de kiite mimasu. I will just talk and see on the phone, itte mimasu, I will go and see, shirabete mimasu, I will check and see. So, well, you could replace all of these, kasa for kaban, techo, saifu, tsukue no ue ni, kyou-shitsu ni. Instead of that, you could have any of these over here and kiite mimasu. You could use any of these forms and practice, te mite kudasai. Have a small conversation with your partner and practice. Now, we have been doing counters in our lessons. So, today we will do a new counter, how to count flat objects, how to count flat things. For example, things like sheets, things like folded shirts, CDs or paper, how to count any of these things. So, well, at the post office, what do you do? You have stamps or envelopes, so well, those are flat things. How do you count those? So, there is a small dialogue. So, mimasen, juuen no kite onegaishimasu, nan mai desu ka, juunimai desu. So, juunimai is the number and mai is the counter for flat things. Nan mai is how many do you want? This is in the script, you can see. Well, this is what mai is. You can go over it and see what it means. Examples are kite yo mai onegaishimasu, please give me four stamps. Kami san mai onegaishimasu, please give me three sheets of paper. That is how you count flat objects and now we can practice. Let us see what it is. Ichimai, ni mai, you can repeat after me, san mai, yo mai, go mai, roku mai, nan mai, hachi mai, kyuu mai, juu mai, nan mai, nan mai is for how many CDs or sheets or flat objects. Let us see what we have here. Well, there are some envelopes. So, let us see how many they are, ichi, ni, san, shi, go, roku, nana, hachi, kyuu, juu. So, you will notice that after the number, mai is used. It is easy to remember, you just need to know your numbers and use mai for flat things. Hagaki wa nan mai arimasu ka? Hagaki is postcards, though this also looks like envelopes, so well, whichever. Hagaki wa nan mai arimasu ka? Juumai desu. We have another picture for you. You have CDs over here. Let us see how many, ichi, ni, san, shi, go, roku, nana, hachi, kyuu, juu, juu, ichi. So, let us see, CD wa nan mai arimasu ka? Juu ichi mai desu. We have another picture, which is ehagaki, you already know is postcard, this is picture postcard. So, well, ehagaki wa nan mai desu ka? Ichi, ni, san, shi, go, so again we have gomai desu. You can use this over here, you can use arimasu as well, gomai arimasu or gomai desu. Well, we have another picture of lot of shirts and some undergarments over here, which is shita-gi. So, well, shatsu to shita-gi wa nan mai desu ka? Shots and shita-gi under shirt wa nan mai desu ka? Well, juu ni mai desu. You can practice like this, take some objects in your hand, ask your partner or your partner could ask you and you could answer and practice like this. Now, in the beginning, in the conversation, right in the beginning, there was kochira. You have done kore series, kono series and koko series, kore sore aredo re, which means kono sono ano dono means this one over here and koko is for direction. Basically, kore is for things, kono is for things and for people and koko is for direction. Well, now this is another series, kochira, sochira, achira and dochira. Now this is similar, but kochira, sochira and achira and dochira tell you about place, about location of a certain person or thing and it is polite. So, well, you can practice as was given in the conversation, kochira wa Rao san desu, kochira wa Arun san desu. This person over here is Rao. So, you can practice like this instead of saying, kono hito wa Rao san desu, kochira wa Rao san desu. This is more polite. Now, let us see what expression we have over here. Well, you see some people here and this gentleman pulling at a rope and there was this expression in the conversation where Tanaka san says, gambatte kudasai. Gambatte kudasai means, well, work hard and as he was studying, well, study very, very hard. Over here, he is pulling, it is a sport game, so well, they are cheering him up and saying, gambare, gambare, gambare means, come on, pull harder, pull harder in this case. Gambare can be used in a lot of other ways. This is simple, cheering someone up by using gambare, gambare, tarou-kun, gambare and then the same expression could also be used in a situation like this where Rao san or Tanaka san as our friend is studying very hard and again his parents come and say, tarou-kun ashta shiken arukara, gambatte ne work very hard, study very hard because you have a test tomorrow. So, just to boost someone up, you would say gambare or gambatte kudasai for polite, verb in te form plus kudasai over here ne because it is his parents and they are just cheering him up. So, gambatte ne, gambatte ne, father is also saying. So, well, this is a nice expression to cheer someone up, to boost someone up, you would say gambatte kudasai or gambatte ne depending on how much younger or formal the situation is. Younger the person is or formal the situation is. Well, as we always do katakana, we will do katakana now. This is the na series simple, this is for you to learn the stroke order, it is given very nicely. You can see it again and again and practice at home, hai na ni, see this one is small and this one is a little longer, nu ne no and it starts from here from top, you have to see that. Please remember the stroke order, you cannot write no from here, please remember na ni and no. You have it all in front of you in one slide and you can practice, compare all and practice. We do some kanji all the time, today you have these two kanji characters, you know the words with these kanji characters. You have done mai just now and we will just practice the first one which is kami which means paper, one, two, three, four, five and six, seven, eight, nine and ten. So it is a ten stroke character, gami and what is the word, we will do the word as well over here, we will do the second character which is mai, we will do mai which is one, you make a key like this, you make one like this and it is an eight stroke character, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight, mai, te gami. Well the words that you have done with gami is te gami, the word is te gami as is given over here, just put te over here and it becomes te gami meaning letter. And nam mai, how many mai we did just now, nan of course is, we have done nan over here earlier, nan, nan, nam mai. So that is the word, try to remember it with the word and as we go ahead actually kanji will become a little complicated and also I will be doing kanji separately properly, these are just kanji which are coming in the lesson, the words you have done and thus we take up these characters. Now just look at this proverb and I hope I am not doing what is written over here, please I hope that you all are learning a lot of things through these classes and trying to speak Japanese. The proverb says something which is very interesting, umanomimini nembutsu which you can see over here, it is written very clearly umanomimini nembutsu, it is a proverb, a buddhist prayer to a horse to preach in the wilderness, I hope I am not doing that, these classes are helping you and you all are learning something new every day, are able to use it in conversation and are practicing a lot at home. So well, you have to remember this kotowaza and whenever you are practicing, well remember me, I hope I am not doing this, it is all helping you. Well, there are a lot of things in Japanese that I would like to share with you, a lot about culture, I try to tell you different things in class over here, we do different things, we take up festivals, we talk about culture, what is done in Japan, what is famous about Japan. Well, today is something I want to tell you about the language, in English we use the word yu very commonly and the word yu, the pronoun yu is used for anyone, it could be for someone who is older to you, it could be for someone who is younger to you, that besides yu is used. So well, in Japanese of course the equivalent is anata, but one thing we have to remember is that anata is not used so freely in Japan even though we practice anata over here in class when we are using yu in our minds, we always say anata, but in Japanese please remember that always you have to use the meoji or the surname or the given name of the person and not address anyone as anata, anata over here in class is alright, for practice is alright, for knowing that yu is anata in Japanese is alright, but not using it so freely in the language and specially to people who are older to you in rank, in age, in position you will try not to use anata. Another interesting thing that we do in English is hello, how are you? We use this phrase very freely in English, anytime you meet someone on the road or anywhere hello, how are you, so well fine, thank you. But there is a phrase like this in Japanese o genki desu ka which also means how are you? Konnichiwa o genki desu ka meaning hello, how are you? But it is a little different from the hello, how are you of English because over here genki desu ka also means are you in good health, I hope you are in good health, how are you doing? So, if you are meeting someone every day, if you are meeting in the morning in the afternoon you could just say hello all the time or Konnichiwa which is hello all the time. But using o genki desu ka all the time is a little odd because if you meet that person every day, you meet that person regularly, you know that he is in good health. So, please when you are using this phrase o genki desu ka, be very sure when and where and how you are using it. Like you can see over here, you have this gentleman, they meet on the road, this person is eating ice cream and he is taking his dog for a walk and Konnichiwa is the general expression that you would use Konnichiwa and he also says Konnichiwa and then this gentleman probably Rao san and not a Japanese says o genki desu ka and he is completely dazed because they are meeting almost every day and he is dazed and he does not know what to say. The reason being that that is not done all the time. You are not to ask people you meet every day or in office, in school or while going for shopping you will not ask o genki desu ka all the time. Please remember those two things, they are very very important. Also in English, you say good morning to everybody. Well, the reason you would generally not say good morning or hello in Japanese all the time would be because in Japanese when you say hello or good morning you generally bow, you generally stand in a place and then you sort of bend which is not the case in English. It is very casual, you would just raise your hands and say hello, how are you or good morning and in Japanese it is a little different. Thus, all the time you would not say hello or ohayou gozaimasu or Konnichiwa. You have to stand and do it, so one has to be very very careful. Now we have vocabulary over here, shita-gi, the meanings are given, shita-gi, ha-gaki, futo, e-yameru, kanabou, uma, nembutsu, shukan, e-hagaki, kami, hashiru, shokki. So we have this vocabulary for you, you can practice it at home and now your work begins, the class is over, your work begins, you have lot of homework to do, lot of shukudai, number of assignments, what we have done in class. Well, how do you count stamps for one, the picture is here, there are lot of things in the picture, you can count those things and tell, tick the correct word in the brackets, then you have your kanji practice and you need to pick out the correct particle from the brackets, then make good sentences and well, I think that would do for today, there is lot of work for you, you have to go over the lessons, you have to do your assignments, practice, practice with your partner, do your conversation and well, we will meet again soon, do something new again in our next class, till then, so minasan mata ashita aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu, thank you.