 Welcome everyone to today's library workshops about the tools, techniques, strategies for efficient and effective literature reviews. So today, Ryan, Spender, and me, Haoyong Lan, will present this library workshop. So about who we are, so my name is Haoyong Lan, I'm the engineering librarian, I'm the liaison to EC machine learning, CME Africa and CMU Silicon Valley. So Ryan, would you like to give an introduction? Sure. Hello everyone. My name is Ryan Splenda. I am the liaison librarian for our tepid school of business, as well as liaison to CMU university advancement as well. Thanks Ryan. So we are going to start about asking some questions about where and how did you find the literatures. So the first one is where do you find the literature usually for your research task or just for your dating work or life. And the second question is what strategies to use to find literatures and take just a few minutes to think about these questions as we walk through the, like the rest of the presentations and also that can help you to gather some ideas around the literature reviews. So in the next we are talking about several different ways to find the literatures. So the first thing is some academic databases. So the databases are usually a good place for you to find some scholarly articles and also scholarly research resources. So they are usually interdisciplinary and disciplinary. And also the citation tracing is helpful when you find a specific research article, like helpful and interested. And usually that research article would have a bibliography section at the bottom of the article. And that would contain all of the references that the article is citing. And also that is a good way for you to find additional like related articles. And we also have some similar article lists that also that are available through some like research tools or research databases. So they will usually like show up some of the similar articles on the like the right hand side or left hand side of the article results list that you can also take a look to find additional relevant articles. And in addition to that some platforms and also the journal publishers have the alerts functions where you can actually get like active job of the journal alerts or the article alerts based on your research interests either through the email or through other ways to help you stay updated with the most recent information. And then also there are some additional ways to find literature either through the word of mouth from the peers or scholars on some, for example, the social medias like X. So yeah, so here are some of the good ways to find the literature. But first, we are also going to introduce some research tools for the research planning and management. So the first research tool that we'd like to introduce is called the leapkin nomad. So leapkin nomad is basically a web browser extension that allows you to quickly access the PDF articles for the full text. So you can see this is the screenshot from the embo journal, which has the, this is the article page. This is the leapkin nomad web browser extension successfully found that article you would have a pop up icon as you saw here it is highlighted by the red circle here. So that has icon with the download PDF where you can just after click that you will be redirected to the actual PDF page, the full text. So yeah, so you can see here's another like way of the leapkin nomad to show to also to like direct you to the full text PDF. So it actually has that icon embedded into the article result page where you can just directly click that embedded icon. So we are also going to do some quick exercises to help you get started on using the leapkin nomad. So the first step is to install the leapkin nomad through the library. So just library.cmu.edu slash services slash leapkin nomad. And after you have installed the leapkin nomad web browser extension search for this paper in Google Scholar. So this was highlighted. So this is the one of the article that we'd like you to search through the Google Scholar. And also after you have searched through this Google Scholar, try to download the paper with the leapkin nomad pop up and see what it comes up. All right, so just this exercise would just take about five minutes and so that that is about this exercise. And the second part of the leapkin nomad exercise is also like letting you practice using the leapkin nomad. So right now we will also let you to try searching for another paper in the Google Scholar. So the title of that paper has also been highlighted here. And also, yeah, we would like to know where does the leapkin nomad pop up take you. Like what is like the icon showing right now. So also to just take about five minutes to finish this exercise. So yes, so that is that is it about this question and about this exercise. So in the next, we are going to talk about the citation management. So some of you probably already heard about the total so the total as reference citation management software, and you can use our institutional license for the open source citation manager total where you can easily organize the references and create bibliographies very easily just with a single click. Additionally, you can also annotate PDFs and also make comments with the articles, the PDFs right inside the total desktop software. And we also have some short videos about to quickly help you get started using the total from our library guides. And in addition to that, we also have some research writing and note taking tools that are also available for you to utilize to help with your research. So some of the tools include the notion ever note and obsidian, which is a markdown tool. And we also have like a website dedicated to the obsidian workshop curriculum, which you can take a look to get detailed information and also some additional resources related to the obsidian software note taking tools. And in addition to that, we also have some AI powered research discovery tools. So one of these tools is called kinias. So the kinias is an AI powered research discovery platform where you can just use text or PDF input to recommend articles based on the machine learning algorithms. And you can actually also use it directly from the world or Google documents. And a nice way about the kinias is that also it simulates integrates with the library subscription so that you can actually easily be directed to the library resources. And when you are actually trying to find an article from the kinias. So we also have a library guide here that is specifically for the kinias. If you have any questions or want to explore more about kinias. All right. The next I will take over to and over to Ryan. Stop sharing. Right. If I could get sharing privilege. Share privilege is okay. Thank you. Yeah. All right, excellent. All right, so now we're going to transition into specific databases and resources that you can use to find literature. Now that we've talked about tools that you can use to help manage the process. Let's talk about where you can go to find the actual articles and data for for your research projects. So we're going to take a deep dive into databases. And first we're going to talk about where can you actually find these. You can definitely consult with faculty and peers, you know, a lot of times your faculty advisors and peers will know some of the very popular resources and databases in your particular disciplinary domain. So it's good to tap their knowledge. You can also consult with your friendly librarians because we are trained to sort of collect specific databases of articles and disciplinary areas and know how to use them. Every one of you should have a liaison librarian like we mentioned how we are liaisons in the beginning. You can easily find your liaison librarian by following that link there and you can connect with them to start this process of identifying the appropriate literature databases in your disciplinary area and possibly how to search them. And then last but not least, you can actually do some of this on your own by visiting our website and trying to find appropriate databases in a number of different ways. We list research article databases on a databases list. So that link will take you to a listing of all of the databases that we subscribe to and you can identify them that way. You could also search our libraries catalog to find specific databases of interest. And last but not least as how young mentioned earlier, we create several help guides for particular disciplinary areas or classes. And a lot of times we will link directly to those article databases on those guides as well. And you can follow that link to find a series of different guides that may contain a lot of the databases as well. So that's where you can find them at CMU specifically. So now that we know where to find them, let's talk a little bit about what these are. So sort of an overview of these. The databases we're talking about are most of the time subscription based. So we have to pay money in order to access them. And a lot of times those databases will include both full text of the articles as well as citation information about the articles. So you get a little bit of both involved with that. Most of the time these databases contain the scholarly or peer reviewed literature, which is the type of article that you're probably most interested in. You're looking at the academic researcher around a particular topic or area and that is what is included in a lot of these databases. Because they are so large and robust, you can really do some nice advanced searching within all of these databases. And we're going to talk a bit more about how to do that a little bit later. One of the bells and whistles is when you subscribe to these types of databases, you can create sort of a researcher account within them that gives you additional functionality within the database, meaning you could save a search. You can create alerts within the database itself. We'll talk a little bit more about that here in a second as well. And last but not least, we're thinking in terms of two main types of academic literature databases and those are interdisciplinary versus disciplinary. So let's dive into a little bit more of what we're talking about from that. So let's first talk about some interdisciplinary databases. What are these? So broadly speaking, interdisciplinary databases contain literature and articles from multiple different disciplinary perspectives. So example, you might have a literature database that focuses on all of the social sciences or all of the humanities or all of the sciences specifically. A lot of times they have very broad coverage, but not necessarily, they're not necessarily as in depth as disciplinary specific databases. So good examples of these are Scopus from Elsevier, Web of Science from Clarivet. These are two of the heavier hitting interdisciplinary databases, and we definitely encourage searching these along with disciplinary databases. So disciplinary databases are very, very specific to a discipline or topic area and contain a lot of literature in that specific disciplinary area. So we're talking about like medicine specifically or business literature specifically, possibly psychology specifically. And unlike interdisciplinary databases, they are much more in depth from their coverage perspective because they really are truly only focused on a very specific topic, subject, disciplinary area. There can also be more than one disciplinary database to search. So make sure you consult with your librarian or experts within the field to sort of make sure you cover all your bases when there are more than one disciplinary database. So a few examples of these, if you're doing medical or health sciences research, Medline is a very popular, probably the top disciplinary database for that specific area. ABI Inform is a business economics and entrepreneurship specific disciplinary database and Psych Info is a psychology specific one that you would consult with. Okay, some features within databases that we want to highlight here. The first thing is, most of these databases have a help section that will explain how to search the database properly. Like we mentioned earlier, there are millions of documents within these databases. And because that's the case, you can do really, really advanced searching within them. And usually the help documentation within each database platform will explain how to do that a bit more. So this is just a screenshot of an example of the ABI Inform database that we just talked about. This is the business specific literature database. And its help icon is located in the upper right with the question mark. And then you can select the ProQuest Help option underneath. ABI Inform is a ProQuest database. So there are other ProQuest databases that we subscribe to. So the help would probably look the same in this platform, no matter which disciplinary or interdisciplinary database you choose that lives within ProQuest. So that's an example of that. And then this is just a screenshot of actually opening up that help documentation once you click on it. And you can see I've sort of highlighted the advanced search mechanism here, which will give you actual directions on what and what you can do and what you cannot do from an advanced search perspective within the specific platform and database that you're searching within. So a good strategy to employ when you're tackling these databases for the first time and trying to create searches within them. Okay. Another concept we want to sort of introduce to you is this idea of the thesaurus and searching using thesaurus or subject term keywords, if you will. The thesaurus is essentially a resource that lists words about a particular field or set of concepts, and it defines what those words mean, usually in a field called a scope note so that you could read the scope note is the definition of particular words within a thesaurus if you will. And the idea behind thesaurus is to classify a group of articles and documents within a database to sort of classify the aboutness of them. It's a great place to get synonymous keywords and terms when you're developing out all of your different keywords that you're going to use to search the database for because the thesaurus will oftentimes give you other words to consider. Now, some of the interdisciplinary and disciplinary databases have built in thesaurus that you can use within the platform, not all of them, but some of them do this is why we want to introduce it to you now. And we would stress that you would use the thesaurus terms in addition to any keywords that you would search within the database as well. Okay, so let's take a look at for example, in the again in the ABI informed database. Once you're in the advanced search mode, this is where thesaurus, the built in thesaurus is typically going to live and as we can see here there's a link on your the top that actually says thesaurus and if we were to click on that, that would open up a pop up window where you could actually search for specific terms of interest and see if they're classified and listed within this databases thesaurus. And in this case, I'm doing an example search for the concept of executive compensation, and I can see that it does exist within the thesaurus. And you'll notice those two little squares that are sort of superimposed over each other in the section here if you were to click on that, that would open up this larger record that you see underneath here, which is where you will get the scope note. So the scope note here is where it starts to say financial financial compensation and other non monetary benefits received by, etc, etc. So this is the definition of this term. So you can also see some other related terms that are classified within this thesaurus and this is where you can see some additional keywords that you might want to use when developing a search that you can then take back when you do your keyword search in the database. Okay, so that's the thesaurus. Now, let's transition into actually creating a good advanced search within these these databases and some tips around doing that. So this is the listing of some some tips that you can take when creating that search. It's all about the keywords and the synonyms that you can come up with that are related to that topic of interest. And sometimes you might need to use acronyms to come up with terminology that will be used for your search. So start with your known keywords that you already know that are used within the literature that disciplinary area, etc. And then find the disciplinary literature to find other key terms. So for example, if you're doing biomedical or medical research, you may know this already but the easiest example we can come up with this. You definitely want to search the term cancer, but you also want to include the official terminology for cancer which is neoplasms in your search as well. So gathering all of those maybe popular terminology terms for a concept and then also the official term that the discipline uses as well. You may want to look up the definitions and other disciplinary dictionaries or the sore eye to make sure that you're covering all your bases as well. You may want to search Google and Google scholar to see how that term is used or described within the literature can be helpful when you're creating lists of keywords think about opposites. So a good example here is if I'm interested in mortality, maybe I'm thinking about its opposite maybe I want to think about the term survival or something like that. Definitely consider alternate spellings and alternate terms for the same topic. Perfect example here is the English British spelling of this particular term versus like sort of the American English spelling of a term. So we have here listed color versus color. Another example would be organization with the Z in US English versus organization with an S in the British English spelling. And then the example of different terms for the same thing. Easy example in the US we call soccer soccer and pretty much in the entire rest of the world they call soccer football. So making sure to think about very specific cultural representations of topics and concepts and how they're used. And then last but not least consider acronyms when you're building out your terms to be searched. Easy example here is in my disciplinary area a lot of people focus on the chief executive officer which is acronym is CEO. So it might be a good idea to include both of those in your search when you're when you're running them within these databases. A quick word of caution though about acronyms sometimes acronyms can be used within a disciplinary area but they're also used in other disciplinary areas. So it might not actually be as helpful to search the acronym because it's a popular acronym that might be used in other places. An example for this is let's take artificial intelligence. Everyone calls it AI and for the most part that's probably going to be what everyone uses that acronym for especially right now since it's an extremely buzzworthy topic. But there is a possibility that AI might be an acronym for another thing as well. So just scope that out a little bit and if it is an acronym in another disciplinary area maybe you don't want to use AI in your search. Okay so now that we've talked about some tips and everything let's show how this works in practice. So again using my example here within the business literature database ABI inform. I've created a sample search here that uses several keywords for the same topics. You can search multiple topics within these databases which is a really nice feature. Make sure that you use quotes when you're searching a phrase. So executive compensation, executive salary, executive pay like we have here. I'm searching those in quotes so that I actually get that phrase showing up where I search it. If I didn't include those quotes in there and I just did executive compensation it would search for executive or compensation which may lead to some helpful results. But it's going to lead to a lot of noise in my results as well because I'm not searching for the actual concept and it's not retrieving documents just on executive compensation or executive salary. So that's a really cool and important feature to point out when you're searching these databases. And notice that I'm searching two different topics here. So I have my executive compensation topic and all its keywords in the first search box and then underneath. I'm searching for also and these keywords around a particular title or position that's held within a corporation. Chief Executive Officer or Chief Technology Officer. So searching with this and will only retrieve results where both of these topics are talked about in the article. And to take it a step further, we're not showing it in the screenshot, but you can search for these keywords in different fields as well. So if you only wanted to search for them in the title of an article or the abstract of an article, you could change that drop down anywhere at box over here to title or abstract and you could do a very specific search for these keywords just in those fields. Okay, so let's talk a little bit about the researcher accounts that you can create in some of these databases. Most of these databases allow for this. And just make sure when you do do this that you sign up for your researcher account using your CMU specific email address because that's usually how these work. Since we they're tied to your your status as a CMU affiliate. Some of the benefits to creating these accounts, you can save searches after you create them. You can create alerts within the platform, and they also allow for additional downloading and exporting of records usually when you create accounts as well. This is just a sampling of icons on the right hand side here from the different platforms that we took out pro quest versus Web of Science versus Scopus, etc. Just to give you an idea of the different ones that allow for it. So let's show you how this works within the platform again using my my ABI informed databases an example. I ran my search my advanced search that we saw and once I create and log into my account. You'll see a little save search slash alert section in the upper right hand after you've run a search, you click on that you are prompted with the ability to either save your search create an alert create an RSS feed etc. I'll show you the save search feature in the create alert feature. So first saving your search when you click on that you'll get taken to a screen where you can name your search. It will you'll it'll show you what you actually searched for in which specific database when you ran that search and created the save search at any point in time you could modify this after you save it. So essentially once you save it and you give notes and a title and all that, and you go into your my researcher profile going forward forward. You will see a section called searches there and if you were to click on that that will show you where all of your safe searches are. And what's nice is instead of recreating all those searches all over again, you could just select that search rerun it, and it'll do all that work for you since you saved it on the back end. So that's what that looks like. The alert sort of functions in the same way. You would fill out the alert form. What's nice about alerts is you can add multiple emails. So if you want to add your CMU email address but maybe a Gmail address or another email address where the alert will be sent to you when something new comes in. That's fine. You can add those. You can also choose the frequency with which you receive alerts from the database platform usually either monthly or weekly. And you can choose when to stop the alert if you want to as well. And it's at any point if you want to go in and edit that alert, you can do so. Maybe you want to change the time frequency because I'm not getting enough results on a weekly basis. Maybe I want to change at the monthly or something like that. You have the power to do that. And again, when you create an alert and save it, there's a separate section on your my researcher profile for alerts that will show you all of your saved alerts. And this is where you could potentially modify them as well if you like. Okay. So this is the point of the workshop where we would have you practice this following exercise. So we have hyperlinked for you in this slide. The listing of our database is A to Z list. And we want you to identify a key database that might fit your disciplinary area. Tip, there is a filter for subjects. When you get to that landing page and you can sort of filter all the databases by your disciplinary or subject area of expertise business versus engineering versus computer science, etc. Then once you identify key database, we want you to go in and actually set up a researcher account. And then maybe run a quick search on a topic of interest and then after you run that search, go ahead and set up an alert or a saved search if you want. Especially you get some practice with that a little bit. And normally when we would be doing this live, we would ask for about five or seven minutes to do that. So maybe you want to pause right now this recorded version and practice that. But now we're going to continue on. And I'm going to talk a little bit about, okay. A couple more concepts here. When you find relevant literature, we want to talk to you about a strategy called citation tracing here and there's basically two types here. We're talking about backwards citation tracing and forward citation tracing and this little graph here gives you an idea of what we mean by this. So the blue rectangle is you're looking at a particular article of interest that you have found really pertinent to my research. Excellent article. I'm definitely going to use it in my bibliography or references going forward. If you want to look to see other the references that have been used within the article that you're looking at. So you would go to the bibliography references pages to see what this particular article has cited. That's called backwards citation tracing. And it's a way that you can go sort of down the rabbit hole and then find additional articles that way by checking multiple references within articles that you have gathered already. So looking at the references or the bibliography section is an example of backwards citation tracing. Similarly, the green circles are articles that have cited the current article that you're looking at as well. And odds are if there's a high citation count of the article that you're looking at from other folks that are citing the article you're looking at as well. That could be of interest and you might want to check out additional articles that way as well. So that's called forward citation tracing. And the good news is a lot of the databases that we subscribe to have both of these mechanisms within them. So for backwards citation tracing, a lot of the databases that we just talked about, like Web of Science, Scopus, are interdisciplinary databases. We're throwing another one in here as well called Dimensions. It's also an interdisciplinary database. We'll give you all of the references to a lot of the articles that you're looking at so that you can quickly go to those references and then access those articles for possible inclusion in your research. There's also a free academic search engine that does this called lens.org. So any of you that are joining us that are not current CMU affiliates and don't have direct access to the subscription based databases. This is an openly and freely available resource that you can consult to try and find additional references. So other databases that do forward citation tracing. The free academic searching is like Google Scholar and Lens also do this Google Scholar particularly is very good at this. So take advantage of those as well and then there's another tool that we can recommend that does forward citation tracing specifically it's called citation chaser there's a link to it in this slide that you could utilize as well for that. Okay, I'm going to turn it back over to how young and we'll pick up with the next section of the workshop. Thanks Ryan. Right. Yeah, so in the next we are going to talk about some additional functions that can help you with your like literature reviews. So, and also other related research works and research projects. So the next function is called similar article lists. So what is the similar article lists. So it's usually like an additional function from the databases and the databases and also other research platforms will usually recommend related articles either based on the text similarity of the abstracts or based on the number of the shared citations. So here you can see an example of the similar article lists. So as you can see at the article result page on the right hand side, you can see this, the list of the similar articles, and you can see if you cover that over that additional information. It says that the following publications are recommended due to their context, which seems relevant to the context of this publication. So you see they or how they are actually using the like automatic topic modeling techniques and algorithms to recommend the similar article lists based on the research article. So here's another screenshot from another research databases. So you can see on the right hand side. This is in the web of science. So you can see additional citation. Also like similar article list based on their citation networks. So you can see you can also click the review related records to see other records that share the references with this one. So this is another way to find additional similar articles from the academic databases. So in addition to that, we also have some specialized like related article exploration tools that you can also utilize to conduct additional or like advanced like analysis regarding the similar articles. For example, the lead maps, the citation gecko and also the connected papers. So these are some of the article exploration tools that allow you to find like connections and also like how they are actually connected together regarding the similarities. Alright, so usually the databases and the platforms will also have some additional like journal alert functions that you can also set up directly from the from their journal websites and also you can use the free scholarly databases to set up those alerts. Here are some of the journal examples for the journal alerts. And this is another semantic scholar, like also another AI powered platform that allows you to set up the journal alerts. And also here is some like link to the example preprint archives or the journal alerts as well as I also mentioned at the beginning of the presentation. So there are other ways to also to, for example, through the word of mouth from the peers and scholars to get some additional like articles and also the recommendation for the similar articles. So the X feeds is a good way where like the individual researchers and organization and journals might also like have the post regarding their research publications and also their research like activities. And also there are some academic tutor bots on the focus topics that you can also subscribe to to get the updated information based on your research interests. Additionally, there are some lists serves and a mailing list that you can also subscribe to to get some also up to date information regarding the certain research topic areas. All right, so this is wraps up our like main presentation about these this workshop and in addition to that we also like to introduce the evidence synthesis service which Ryan and I are part of. So we can serve as consultants or collaborators on the evidence synthesis projects that you are interested in initiating. And though you can also learn more about our evidence synthesis service via this library website link. And we also have some upcoming libraries workshops regarding the evidence synthesis of example the synthesizing research with the scoping review and also the analyzing scholar literature using bibliometrics. In addition to that we also have other areas of the libraries workshops that you might also find. Interested which is the programming are and Python the text mining data visualization and Zotero so there are lots of different topics that you can also like find interesting for your like for the libraries workshops. And finally we also have the library status services in the libraries where you can also learn more about the services to help you effectively manage share and protect your data. Some of the example services that they provide include data and code support research data management data visualization and text and data mining. So here's the link to access their libraries data services page. I will stop sharing and just one more point of clarification for you all out there. In the live key nomad exercise we just I just wanted to make one one small point. The second article that you're going to search for is going to take you to I don't know why these balloons are are probably everyone enjoy that I guess it's a Super Bowl Monday hangover I guess oh yeah yeah. When you search for the second article in Google Scholar and try to use live key nomad to access. We put that in specifically so that you should not be able to download that article because the live key nomad services is tied to our library subscriptions to articles and we don't have access to every single article. When that's the case and you use live key nomad to try and get an article and you can't it should direct you back to the catalog record for the article and there's an option for you to request that article through our interlibrary loan service. So that you can get a chance at getting that article from a different library we actually have a service that you can request. Article access for you fill out that form for that article it goes to our interlibrary loan staff and they try and bring in a copy of it for you usually. You can download it as a PDF if it's successful but we just wanted to make sure that you were aware that so you weren't unsure of what to do after you notice that you can actually download that PDF so that was it. Yeah, thank you Ryan. Yeah, so this to live key nomad access will mean to know the part one to like actually to give you to show you how to actually access to that like PDF through to live key nomad nomad. And the second one is to actually show you other options when you actually the live key nomad when able to find the articles. Yeah. So yeah, so that wrap us up. Yeah, workshop today and thank you everyone for yeah for watching. Yeah. Thank you all have a great day. Bye bye.