 Dear students, in this module we are going to understand micro social change. Social change at micro level refers to the shifts in individual behaviors, interactions and their daily life experiences that may seem trivial on their own but collectively contribute to a larger societal shift. This is often the focus of interpretive and interactionist sociological perspective that how we can assess and evaluate such a micro level shifts or change which is very trivial. Sometimes we don't of we don't see it we are unable to feel it however these changes just seep in the human behaviors and thereby it produce later on it produces a significant impact on the human behavior or on the collective human behavior. So these changes can result from personal decisions, intimate social interactions or shifts in attitudes and values with the smaller social groups such as families or peer groups. For example, a growing emphasis on education especially among girls in rural areas of Pakistani community represents a micro social change. While it might seem like a minor shift within the individual families collectively it contributes a significant change in gender norms and increased influence of western ideology. However these changes appear to be very subtle but by the passage of time through are not through the rapid change but very through a very slow process these changes are reflected in the behaviors of the people. If we want to see it or we want to understand it from sociological perspective symbolic interactionism can help us understand that it can be used to understand such changes in a way that it posits that individuals act towards things based on the meanings and those things have for them which are derived from social interaction and modified through the interpretations. So for example symbolic interactionism talks about symbols and meanings particularly. So here too it can be very useful for us to see these small changes in the human behavior in which they are symbolically reflected and what people mean to them. Another example could be the increasing use of digital technologies and social media among Pakistani youth. While it may seem like a small change in individual behavior it has significant implications for how these young people are interacting with each other and they form different identities and engage with the wider social issues. So if we try to analyze these changes we can see that the technological changes have caused a lot of changes in our traditions. We can see that people interact mostly with their mobile phones, they prefer real-world friendships, they prefer virtual-world friendships and we also have a sense of community, a sense of individuality which we can see gradually. Then we have Arving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis which perceives the social life as a theatre where individual play its role and it can be applied here. The increasing use of social media allows for the presentation of specific front stage identities influencing individual behavior and potentially leading to a larger social shift. Arving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis reflects that there are two stages when human beings are interacting. One is the front stage where they are reflecting their behavior or their ideal behavior which is their ideal reflection. At the back stage they are reflecting their real behavior. So when we are interacting on any social media platform, interestingly, if we are anonymous, then we consider the same as our backstage. But if we are not anonymous, we know that the people we are interacting with know that we consider the front stage. So in this way, dramaturgical analysis can be very helpful for us. In particular, when you see the Pakistani society, we can get a lot of help from dramaturgical analysis. The rise of small business, particularly those led by women in urban and semi-urban areas in Pakistan is another instance of micro change. The creation of these businesses is often an individual or familial decision. But collectively, they can lead to economic and gender role transformation in the society. As these examples show, micro level social changes, while they may seem small and localized, have the potential to contribute to larger social transformation when they accumulate or interact with other social changes.