 Hello, my name is Tahani Gagoudi-Spir and I'm the Plant Pathology Research Specialist at the Williston Research Extension Center. I'm also a graduate student with the NDSU Plant Pathology Department. My research project and much of the work I do here at the center focuses on physioreum root rot, on understanding physioreum root rot on peas and lentils. This disease is a major concern to the pulse producers in this area as it can cause yield losses for up to 70%. The disease symptoms consist of these brown tubular eclisions on the taproot, started from the seed attachment point, then spread in throughout the whole root system as a disease progresses. Modulation may also be reduced under high disease severity and the plant becomes chlorotic in wilts and yellow irregular patches of wilted plants may appear in the field, especially in the low laying area where water collects and plants are stressed the most. The best way to manage physioreum root rot is prevention and your co-operation is your first line of defense. A four to five year of co-operation between peas and lentils is recommended in order to reduce the pathogen inoculum buildup in the soil. Also choosing a well-drained field as well as planting a good seed with disease-free good quality seed and avoiding crop, avoiding the compaction of the soil really helps reducing the root rot damage. There are also seed treatments that are available to manage early physioreum root rot and dampen enough and the recommendations for registered phantasyte can be found in the NDSU pulse crop disease management guides. We are looking at another management, cultural management strategy to prevent against physioreum root rot, which is plant and date. We are collaborating currently with researchers from the Carrington Research Extension Center and we are evaluating the effect of plant and date and seed treatments on peas and lentils on a severity of physioreum root rot. The data from 2018 and 2019 experiments has shown that early plant and significantly reduces root rot severity on peas. Another important preventative measure to control physioreum root rot is genetic resistance. However, there is no complete resistance to physioreum root rot in peas and lentils and the commercially available cultivars. But we are collaborating with breeders from North Dakota State Universities and Montana State University in order to screen genetic varieties for physioreum root rot. And that should speed up the process of developing varieties with improved genetic resistance to physioreum root rot. A part to the challenge of developing resistant varieties to physioreum root rot is that this disease is caused by a species complex, meaning that it's caused by several different physioreum species that may not necessarily cause the disease in the same manner. Thus, varieties with resistance to one physioreum species does not necessarily mean that it has resistance to all the physioreum species. previous NDSU surveys have found that physioreum avanaceum is the primary causal agent of root rot on pea in North Dakota. But they also found other different species associated with root rot on peas and an example is physioreum acumenatum, physioreum oxysperm, and physioreum graminiarum. My research work under the co-advisory of Dr. Julie Pashie and Dr. Audrey K. Lyle seeks to understand the importance of physioreum oxysperm in contributing to this root rot disease complex on pea. So I conducted greenhouse assays in order to compare different physioreum oxysperm isolates to physioreum avanaceum. So I infected pea seeds with several different physioreum oxysperm isolates and I compared them to physioreum avanaceum and looked at the disease severity and found that several physioreum oxysperm isolates were as aggressive or even more aggressive than physioreum avanaceum. These results should help the breeders consider physioreum oxysperm in their plans in developing resistance to physioreum root rot on peas. Thank you.