 Hello, everyone. Welcome back to another session in dentistry and more Today we have yet another interesting topic in forensic Odontology that is lip prints or calloscopy So the previous session was about bite marks. So just like bite marks lip prints also helps a forensic Odontologist in identifying a person or to give some clue about the person. So let's learn something about lip prints We are not going very detailed. We are just Covering a brief idea of lip prints and other procedures and its classification and its relevance. So let's learn lip print By definition lip prints are the normal lines and fissures in form of wrinkles and grooves present in the zone of transition of human lip The inner label mucosa and the outer skin is nothing but the wrinkles and normal lines and Fissures present on the lips So study of lip prints is known as calloscopy So why it is Important because lip prints are very unique Lip prints are very unique just like our thumb impression lip impressions or lip prints are Unique in one person except mono zygotic twins. So that much uniqueness The lip prints has a bite marks Or we cannot say it is very unique in one person because similar dendition or almost similar dendition may have in Another person but not like lip prints Lip prints are very unique. It will be repeated only in mono zygotic twins. So This lip grooves are permanent and unchangeable. It is possible to identify lip patterns as early as the sixth week of intra uterine life It resists many afflictions such as herpeticulation, hypers, labialis So we'll start with the classification of lip prints. So this session is Not in detail about the lip prints. We are just Highlighting a few points to write a short not or short essay for the exam purpose. Okay So i'm not going in detail about lip prints So we need few points to Make up a short note. So that is what the purpose of this video is all about So we'll start with the classification. So there are many classification of lip prints And one among is Suzuki and Sochihashi classification. They classified into type 5s 1 2 3 4 and 5 Type 1 is Lip prints are completely vertical or incomplete vertical So this is vertical and incomplete vertical then branched So branches inter Intersectored so intersector means it is crossing somewhere Then reticular reticular pattern and irregular very irregular Lip prints. So these are the classification given by Suzuki and Sochihashi So The like I told you there are many classifications given by after bad classification Reynolds classification So there are lots of classification for lip prints But we are just studying Suzuki and Sochihashi classification. So how do we analyze and record a lip print? So basically a lip print Can link a subject to a specific location And sometimes this lip prints will be seen as lipstick smears So there are basically three types of lip prints, which can be found at the scene of crime So lip prints are available particularly like one is One is visible lip prints second one a latent or hidden lip prints Then the last one is plastic lip prints, okay so we have three types one is visible lip prints visible lip prints are which are visible to The unaided eye and it do not need any further development for its visualization. That is a first one, okay We can easily visible To the unaided eye. So we don't need any That magnification glasses for this that is visible lip prints. The second one is latent or hidden lip prints latent or hidden lip prints So these are the lip prints which are not visible to the human eye It requires further development process for its specialization That is latent. So we heard about latent image in x-ray. Similarly. This is not visible We need special magnifying glasses or special Ingredients to make it visible that is latent or hidden lip prints The third one is plastic lip prints, which is also known as D D capital letter D d4 dog plastic lip prints So these are the lip prints which are found on soft gel like surfaces like wax or butter They are visible to unaided eye, but sometimes need develop processing for photography So they are seen on soft surfaces Like wax or butter, okay, so How do we search lip prints on a crime scene? So the search of possible lip prints needs a systematic and narrowly approach to the Suspected areas. So we need a magnifying lens To locate and judge the quality of lip prints then traces of lips should be looked For on cutlery And crockery items on the window or door glass and on photographs letters So lip prints may also appear on side by side with tooth marks on the foot products. Okay, so the bite bite marks and Lip prints should be studied together in a crime scene, okay So the observation under white light may reveal the latent lip prints that can be photographed Without any further treatment And lip prints can frequently be seen by holding the flashlight at low angle So that the surface is observed under oblique lighting So if the angulation changes some lip prints can be photographed and in some cases the latent Lip prints can be detected using A coaxial illumination of apiscope. So apiscope is just like a microscope which is used for this magnifying Lip prints magnification purpose So these are the Mechanisms Visible latent and plastic lip prints and searching using a magnifying lens or Apiscope and various angulation of illumination So How do we develop the lip prints? So once we get this we need to develop it, right? So we studied the classification and the classification basic classification Then you know we studied about forms of lip prints and how to record the lip prints And how do we develop the lip prints? So we have basically three methods one is powder methods Powder method second one is chemical and third one is X-ray method so these three methods we can Use for developing a lip prints The first one powder method Is a technique usually used to identify latent prints on a non-power surface such as glass Marble metal plastic and finished wood. They are non-power surface They are very flat very glossy type of surface So there we can apply the powder Okay So when powder is distributed on the surface it adheres to the residue deposited from the Fingers touch allowing investigation to find the print. Okay So that is why we have seen in movies and all the powder is Splashed to the area of crime scene and they are using magnifying Glasses to get the print. They are actually using it for finger prints But the same technique can also be applied on the power lip prints, but the surface should be non-porous The most commonly used powders are Aluminium powder Aluminium then magnetic powder Magnetic powder and plum carbonate powder. So this is a white powder plum carbonate powder. Okay, so these are the powders used for According the lip prints if it is on a non-power surface. So next technique is chemical method So usually crime scene investigators use this chemical method such as iodine fuming and silver nitrate Lysochrome dyes So iodine Lysochrome dyes iodine fuming And also silver nitrate. So all these can be used in chemical method. Okay So chemical methods The when these chemicals are in contact with the Residue lip prints residue The print becomes very visual that is a concept behind these chemicals Just like the powder method chemicals will make the lip prints visible when it comes in contact with the lip print residue Whereas the third method that is x-ray method So in x-ray method, what is happening? This is lead powder. Lead powder distributed on suspected area with the help of a brush lead powder It is another method just like powder method, but the procedure is different. Lead powder will be distributed Then the dusted area should X-ray and then photographic film of x-ray should treat with required chemicals. Okay, so we Use x-ray in between procedure then this x-ray Will be treated with chemicals. Okay, that is a different technique. So Three techniques powder Three methods are you see powder method chemicals and x-ray method. Okay So these are the materials used to Develop used for developing lip prints powders chemicals and x-rays So after that we need to Lifting the lip prints. So Lifting the lip prints though this procedure can be done by two methods One is photographic method and transparent tape method One we can just photograph Or transparent tape The transparent tape also can be used in photographic method the developed print should always be photographed by using a fixed focus camera Or variable zoom photographic camera with the help of measuring Whereas a transparent tape method The powder dusted lip prints can be lifted with the help of transparent tape From a liquid and hard surface. So we had powdered the surface Then we can either do photographing or do a transparent taping and lifting or transferring the lip prints to our Sheet or in a photographic film So collection of lip prints from suspect. So this is from objects So what if we have to collect the lip prints from the suspect? So either we can do a photograph of Photograph of suspects Lips we need to take photograph of suspects lips Then applying lipstick Or lip or other transfer medium to the lips and then having the individual press his or Hair lips to a piece of paper Or a cellophane tape Or such similar surfaces. So if we have a suspect we ask them to apply any material Even we can ask them to Use a lipstick then ask asking the patient asking the person to Press his lips to the tape or any Paper so that we can transfer it So By having the subject impress his or her lips Okay against a suitable surface and then processing these prints with either conventional fingerprint developing powder Or with any magnetic powder. So the same procedure we can do Where previously we had seen the powder splashing technique once we get the lip prints on the This sheet or paper Suppose if the image has to be taken from a non porous surface we need to Take a photograph then enlarge and then do the tracing. Okay Then we can go for examination and comparison So a lip print recorded from the crime scene And a lip print which has been taken from the suspect. Okay, so we can do matching One should be taken from the crime scene and one we have a suspect we can match and Do the person identification So lip prints have the same value just like our fingerprints So it gives a very powerful tool for identification because it is very unique It do not change during the life of a person And they can be most frequently seen during murders rapes and other Such crime scenes So that's all about lip prints. So the basic idea of lip prints is just like bite marks That is to identify a suspect With the help of lip prints. So we talked about classification the various methods of transferring And the materials that is powder x-ray and chemicals And the types the classification like plastic hidden or latent and very visible The prints And its uses I know it is not a very detailed description of lip prints, but still it is quite enough to Write for a short note or a short essay. So I'll come up with a new topic In oral pathology. Thank you