 Good morning to all. I would like to ask everybody to have a sit on their seats as we are about to start our day, too Before we actually start with the day two and the first panel of the day's day I would like you just to briefly to sum up what we did yesterday yesterday, but we have very productive discussions with 16 speakers and moderators Open the dialogue and 17 interventions for the floor In which if we would like to kind of a make a small sum up We actually under underscored and trying to underline that assessed to the scale of current Forecast climate-induced Displacement is one of the key things really to see what is the real number, but not only what is the real number as we said One is assessing another one to support and help the people that are in need and which were the most vulnerable We noted particular those most affected have already been vulnerable and alerted the consequences of failing to take other actions Basically, it's just a call for a quick actions of all of us the second old panelists and Intervene's agreed that there's a need to intensify efforts to addressing root causes of displacement and And more than ever we need to talk about lending water degradation and how we can actually avoid further culmination of the shock factors Disruptions of the food supplies and economic impulse of post COVID-19. This is just additional drivers to the mobility It's also recognized importance of dialogue among the member states and this is one of the reason why we're here But more important called on the broad and partnership the private sexes tend owners on the way to cop 27 to bridge the funding gap We are also welcome the initiative aiming to improve the capacity for monitoring focusing and early warning and Something that definitely needs to be considered by the cop 27 also Something that is a underline as a need is a sharing of best practice of reducing immediate and the long-term vulnerabilities and Identify benefits of greater involvement of women and youth in the planning implementation monitoring and Implementing the climate action. This is just in brief that what we yesterday discuss and We are also wishing today to have an equally fruitful discussions Now I would like to give the floor to our moderator the first session our colleague Cecil Cecil, please Good morning. We're welcomed from my side So I'm Cecil Villalon the director at entry of the Department of Peace and different coordination at IOM and as you can see I will be moderating this session from from Brussels from my regional office in Brussels So it's a really warm welcome from my side for both of course the participants in the room in Geneva and all the participants online So my it's I will be moderating in this first panel that is dedicated to building resilience and Adaptive migration pathways to contribute to food security and promote regular migration in the context of climate change So we'll have immense pleasure of listening to our three panelists before we turn to the audience for questions and answers But before I turn to our panelists speakers, I would like to provide some framing remarks So opening safe and accessible migration routes for climate-affected migrants is an increasingly important tool for tackling humanitarian as well as developmental crisis due to climate change and food insecurity environmental and climatic dynamics and the impacts on the habitability of different ecosystems and the viability of people's livelihoods with a critical issue of access to water for agricultural activities Will increasingly have profound impacts on all patterns of population mobility Covenity provided us with a dramatic example of a dynamic affecting mobility patterns at global and local levels and The vulnerability this has created for migrant different families and their communities So in the context of global warming, there are already areas and regions that are facing the limits of adaptation It is therefore urgent to address existing policy gaps related to admission and stay and to design long-term and permanent solutions for people unable to adapt or return to their countries of origin With the objective five of the global compact for safe orderly and regular migration We have an increasing incredibly useful entry points as this calls to and I quote Corporate to develop and strengthen solutions for migrants compelled to leave their countries of origin because of the adverse drivers of climate change Including by devising plan relocation and visa options in cases where adaptation in or return to Their country of origin is not possible So this is an incredibly powerful departing point But what we are seeing so far is that policy development has focused more on addressing drivers and risks than on facilitating Human mobility and Professor Quirlin will tell us more about this in a short while We can also see that the transition from policy developments to implementation has only just begun So more than ever, we need example and relevant instruments and practices that can provide useful models for inspiration or replication in other countries to address this gap So our discussions today should lead us to highlights on the one hand the importance of safe orderly and regular migration and the already existing good practices Which you should help us also to provide insights on how we can ensure that regular migration pathways Go a step beyond simply responding to crisis, but instead also serve to prevent crisis and Lastly provide possible recommendations for states and other stakeholders to be integrated into preparedness and response plans So I'm very happy now to turn to to our to our speakers and introduce them We will have Mr. Andrews Perez Esquivel who is the National Director of Migration the government of Argentina Then we will have the pleasure of listening to Professor Walter Quirlin who is the envoy of the chair a platform on disaster displacement the PDD and Then last but not least and I see he is in the room Mr. Andrew Harper was the special advisor on climate action at the United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNHR So the three panelists will have 15 minutes And then we will be I will be opening the floor for I hope 25 minutes for an Interactive dialogue and I count on none of you to be ready with your with your questions and as well to be ready to Share your your examples and good practices So first I'd like to turn to to Mr. Andrews Perez Esquivel. You have the floor for 15 minutes. Thank you Thank you very much moderator. I hope you can hear me Thank you for inviting the Republic of Argentina to this very important event that is dealing with the different overlapping crises and Which is of international concern And which it does not spare any country from being impacted At the level of Latin America and Caribbean it is rather alarming According to the world world of food program There are more than 200 million people that go to bed hungrily night or do not have enough to Everyday and 11% of these people live in Latin America and the Caribbean according to the UN office on disaster risk reduction in the last 20 years and the number of disasters has Doubled and 90% of these disasters are linked to climate change and according to you and information in 2020 more than 30 million people were Displaced because of climate disasters and this affected all continents But of course it affected countries that are most vulnerable according to the World Bank in report it is estimated that there might be 17 million Intelligent displaced people in Latin America and the Caribbean because of climate change So we see the adverse effects of climate change and this is one of the greatest humanitarian crises and challenges that we face in the 21st century now in Argentina we have a number of policies and initiatives to be able to rise to these challenges and we would like to mention What they are first of all, we would like to say that in terms of migration Argentina focuses on an open-to-policy and Humanitarian approach at the national Level we are one of the countries that has ratified the largest number of international humanitarian treaties as well as inter-american treaties migration and migrating is right and In our law we ensure that there are basic rights that are guaranteed there is an approach that is not Looking at immigration from the point of view of security and We have a large number of migrants that come from the region so we have 93% of The nationals coming from our region can become Argentinian nationals So we know that we need to protect IDPs as well as Protecting refugee refugees and this is applicable under international law that is also International human rights law that is taken into consideration as well as the frameworks for International treaties and these are all taken into consideration in our national policies for example our legislation on refugees on migrants as well as taking into consideration the SDGs within our national policies We always take into consideration as well Inter-american treaties in May this year. We launched a humanitarian aid program and this is a Specific program for displaced people because of social or Economic disasters and the aim is to ensure that there is complementary International protection for displaced people that cannot be classified in Accordance with international law as refugees and we need to find sustainable solutions for how we help them So we have a Latin American focus a sustainable focus and environmental focus and a participatory focus The objective of this program is Is to ensure that people can stay For three years So those people that have been affected by a social or environmental Disasters so after three years that they can become permanent residents of the country. We also have in this program Insurance that people can have access to basic Services civil society organization can also request this specific type of visa that has been created We are constantly working in a participatory fashion with NGO civil society as well as a Red Cross so that we can ensure The sustainability of this program and so that we can find a lasting solution for the beneficiaries of this program The focus is on Latin America and the Caribbean not only because we are one of the most affected regions If we look at the natural disasters we had hurricane And in 2020 because of these natural disasters 20 million people were forced to display to move and We requested that Latin America and the Caribbean be recognized at the UN as being a particularly vulnerable region now we Know that people who are on the move need Visors and that is why we have ensured that These visas are made available. This is an innovative policy for a number of regions we have provided humanitarian visas because of natural disasters, so We had visas that were granted ex-posts following an extraordinary event However, we wanted a more preventive approach and we have worked with 23 states in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean So that all people affected by natural disasters were covered Now this includes people that were internally displaced or who were displaced across borders now this means that any person In any of these 23 states that is part of the program will be covered As I said, this is about is a paid for a program which ensures the sustainability of it And we also have a community sponsorship program and this was first in Latin America this program was presented by the director of migration in Argentina and It was then assessed by the General Assembly they see it of the UN and It was announced. This was the first commitment at global level That was presented by civil society organizations and countries in the region this week We are also Launching a new regulation that is focused on South America which deals with a short-term cross-border displacement caused by natural disasters So this is what we are looking at When there are people who are affected by Natural disasters and who come to the Republic of Argentina in other words countries Brazil Paraguay, Uruguay This means that These people can come to Argentina even if they do not have the right documentation or if their Passports are no longer valid This is for Displaced people who are not resident in Argentina in this last case People can stay up to three months After which if the people's safe return can be guaranteed they will return Now this is an effort that is being done together with international organizations as well as national institutions We know that Meteorological events are the main cause of this displacement 64% of these displacements are caused by these climate events and We know that geovisical events represent 46% of the reason why people are displaced The policy has an advantage and that is because it contributes to Statistics we know that When people are forced to move because of natural disasters, it is very hard to record the numbers For example if people are forced to move because of drought that they are considered economic Migrants so what we see here is we now have the ability to have a national registry and the statistics on this Linked to displacement we have International efforts that are being made by America of Sur as well as the American Conference on Migration The Also, we are working with the platform on disaster risk reduction the South American Conference on migration was held under the presidency of Argentina in 2021 and it created a regional network on Migration disasters climate change with the aim of creating regional guidelines This year We have also approved a joint statement Within the Network on migration Argentina Also carried out a work a workshop on a cross-border displacement Of course by natural disasters Now this was a topic that was dealt with in the South American migration network as Well as in other fora we have Also included a communique in the South American network which will be Which will present the progress has been made we have also Since May Included the disaster risk platform Disaster risk reduction platform and This has been done through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Currently we have 18 countries from five different continents that are on the platform and That includes the European Union. So we one of the countries that is Leading the agenda on forced displacements caused by environmental factors and That is a why it is a pleasure for me to be sharing this panel with Professor Walter Kaelin and the other colleagues as That you can see from this brief summary we have shown a commitment as the Republic of Argentina to deal with migration and Climate change and we do not want to leave anybody behind We must shoulder our responsibility, but we also know that everybody is in different Situations so we need to deal with this in a sovereign way and Ensure that we avoid a humanitarian crisis and ensure our societies are more resilient. Thank you Many many thanks, Mr. Pérez Esquivel. There was really really A compelling Description of the commitment of your of your government and I think you've done a fantastic job at describing The innovation in the practices that you have done and the fact that it really has scaled given the fact that it Includes 22 countries. So this is a tremendously inspiring practice that you have shared with us and And this is exactly what we were hoping to hear in this in this panel So I'm sure there will be many questions directing that you as we move forward with with the questions and answers But before we do that, I'd like to now give the floor to Professor Walter Kaelin So as I said was the envoy of the chair the pressure platform on disaster displacement that you have mentioned Mr. Esquivel So we'll be really delighted to have Mr. Kaelin talking to us about the PDE Iowa baseline mapping results So over to you. Thank you very much and Good morning to everyone as we know the relationship between food insecurity and migration is complex I Will use the global compact on migration as a point of reference and selected national laws policies strategies as illustrations and In the following minutes, I'm going to highlight three aspects First the food insecurity as a driver of migration and displacement How it can be addressed and to what extent our baseline mapping showed that this is being done second regular migration as a pathway for people affected by food insecurity and Third few words on the protection of people forced to flee across borders and situations of acute food insecurity and famine so It is widely accepted. Of course that the lack of food security is a driver of migration and displacement The global compact on migration addresses food insecurity Professor we lost you here in the in the room professor Remins do not compel people to seek a livelihood elsewhere through a regular migration In this regard States are called upon to use among others measures to reduce poverty and to increase food security As well as measures to adapt to climate change and to reduce disaster risks In Niger from where I presently speak the 2021 plan to soutien a population winner Recognizes as a key driver of displacement Diversification of flats to persistence of localized periods of drought Which are becoming increasingly and predicted unpredictable as a result of climate change Factors that further increase food insecurity and the fragility of ecosystems The plan envisages several very concrete measures including for instance social safety net programs that provide regular and predictable cash transfers Directly to chronically poor and vulnerable households in order to reduce their persistent food insecurity Such programs help Preventing displacement by increasing the resilience of people at risk Investments to reduce food and food insecurity Are also important for internally displaced persons and refugees and their hosts During displacement as well as in the context of durable solutions Sri Lanka's 2016 national policy on durable solutions for conflict affected displacement For instance calls for measures to enhance the capacity of host communities to accommodate the IDPs Including and I quote support for expansion of economic and livelihood opportunities food security and environmental protection IDPs and members of host communities who are recently met in Sudan Central Darfur region suggested to us that rather than continuing these food distributions International actors should invest in water management measures That would allow to increase food production, not only for the local farmers But also for the many IDPs in protracted displacement Who had been able to rent lots of land or who were provided some land for free As regards the urban solutions Somalia's 2019 national policy on refugee returnees and IDPs highlights that in the context of climate change Solutions in the rural areas require the agricultural and pastoral sector of Somalia to be revitalized and made more innovative as These sectors are essential contributors to the country's national food security And again this national policy lists a series of very very practical measures in this regard These are just some examples of how states can address drivers of migration linked to environmental factors or Increased the resilience of people who already have been displaced within their country or find solutions for them Overall the baseline mapping on the implementation of commitments related to addressing the mobility challenges disaster and climate change context which We launched together with IOM and other partners earlier this year This baseline mapping found that in recent years Many countries have increased their legal and policy efforts to address environmental drivers Mapping identified over 930 national policy and legal instruments in 171 countries as well as 20 bilateral 140 regional instruments in the areas of human mobility of climate change of disaster risk management and of sustainable development Governance that contain provisions of relevance to human mobility in the context of Climate change disasters environmental degradation These instruments predominantly address such mobility from the prevention angle They showed that legal and policy levels. We are actually making important progress regarding the commitment under GCMO objective to to minimize adverse environmental drivers that compel people to leave their country But what remains to be done is Robust implementation and maybe they are we are still not good enough at doing what needs to be done Let me turn to the second aspect Regular migration pathways for people affected by food insecurity in objective 5 of the GCM states commit to expanding and diversifying the availability of pathways for safe orderly and regular migration Including in ways that respond to the needs of migrants in situations of vulnerability And again, I think I have some interesting examples. I can't mention Examples that are relevant for our discussion Nepal for instance has a long tradition of people from particularly food insecure regions Migrating to India temporarily Particularly during the lean season before harvest This means that less family members have to be fed back home That the migrants can send at least some remittances Back home allowing those we may as staying there to buy additional food on the market At the same time reports indicate that migrants working in the informal sector may risk exploitation While food production substantially declines in villages where only few men or able each remain But this is an interesting example because migration from Nepal to India is regular There is an open border between the two countries and in this sense This is a case of where two countries have agreed that people can move freely across the border There is growing recognition that bilateral or regional agreements of the free movement of persons have a huge potential to provide people anticipating or Or have been affected by disaster related food insecurity Disregular migration pathways Free movement agreements clearly serve economic purposes But in some parts of the world, for instance in Africa Sikwas region They have allowed throughout affected people to find employment in neighboring countries The Caribbean in 2017 Trinidad and Tobago applied the Caribbean community, CARICOM free movement agreements to assist Dominicans affected by Hurricane Maria Other states in the region admitted people displaced by hurricanes On the basis of the free movement regime of the organization of eastern Caribbean states In the Horn of Africa EGAT, which was initially founded as a sub-regional organization to address drought Went a step further It decided to formalize the availability of free movement arrangements for disaster and climate change scenarios And it recently finalized a draft protocol on free movement of persons Article 16 of this draft protocol explicitly provides That people are moving in anticipation of during or in the aftermath of drought And other disasters That such people can enter the territory of another EGAT member state And stay there at least for some months If they don't possess a travel document required to cross the border Then this is not an obstacle Because such disaster-affected migrants will be registered instead State of destination are also obliged according to the protocol to make To take measures to facilitate the extension of state And to facilitate access to other rights provided by the protocol The protocol still needs to be adopted by the heads of state and government But once this is done It will provide a very interesting example that could inspire other regions too bilateral agreements on labor migration or quota or workers visa For instance, the case of agricultural workers from Pacific island states Who are employed seasonally in Australia, New Zealand Such agreements are another tool to provide pathways for regular migration For people affected by adverse effects of climate change Interestingly, the 2021 national strategy on internal displacement management of Bangladesh Commits to facilitating temporary and circular international labor migration To diversify livelihoods of marginalized environmental communities And it refers to the example of the temporary and circular labor migration scheme between Spain Something that has already been applied in disaster contexts Overall, however, the number of such examples remains limited Not surprisingly, our baseline mapping found that unlike with regard to objective 2 Little progress was made in implementing objective 5 To expand migration pathways for vulnerable migrants Including those affected by climate And disaster related food insecurity And this raises concern As the international panel on climate change recently highlighted There are already areas and regions that are reaching the limits of adaptation to global warming We must therefore increase efforts to prepare for a future Where human mobility and disaster and climate change contexts will increase And we have to strengthen efforts to facilitate regular safe and orderly migration In line with objective 5 of the GCM Let me conclude with some words on the protection of persons displaced across international borders The limits of adaptation are clearly reached when people are forced simply to leave their homes and flee Speed due to famine or other reasons linked to environmental factors For such situations The GCM under objective 5 recommends to develop or build on existing National and regional practices for admission and stay of appropriate duration Based on compassionate humanitarian or other considerations for migrants to compel to leave the counties of origin For instance, by providing humanitarian visa Temporary work permits While adaptation in or return to the country of origin is not possible It also recommends to devise planned relocation and visa options for residency Their adaptation in or return to the country of origin Will be impossible permanently Due to adverse effects of climate change As we just have heard from the excellent example presented by Argentina Such domestic laws already exist and particularly in the Americas There are many immigration laws provided people affected by disasters May be admitted or allowed to stay temporarily for humanitarian reasons as we already have heard Guatemala, Mexico Explicitly provide for humanitarian visa entry permits For people affected by disasters I don't need to repeat what we have heard about the great new legislation and policies adopted by Argentina And in fact most other countries in South America and Central America Have a similar legal provision And the Zesquivel already has mentioned the guidelines adopted in South America Central American countries also have adopted a guide to effective practices to Admit and allow for stay of people displaced across borders in disaster context And finally, there are important developments in the era of human rights law the Teichota case In the Teichota case, the UN Human Rights Committee, the body monitoring implementation of the covenant on civil and political rights Recognize that adverse effects of climate change May lead to life-threatening living conditions in affected countries The committee concluded that in such cases Importing an individual to such a country might amount to a violation of the right to life Such life-threatening conditions did not yet exist in the case of the citizens of Kiribati Who opposed this deportation from New Zealand But the implications of this decision are important They are also important for people fleeing from countries where they would face famine And other life-threatening effects of food insecurity These developments are encouraging However, they remain two somewhat isolated examples that have not yet reached the level of a global protection regime In other words, much remains to be done to ensure that people displaced across borders can be confident of being welcomed Allow to stay in their countries Regardless of their disasters and the negative impacts of climate change force them to leave their homes and seek protection abroad Thank you very much Many, many thanks Professor Quellin again for another very rich presentation I was truly excellent to hear all the examples that you have provided Particularly acknowledging that another work is being done indeed by the international community Looking at addressing the drivers of migration And I think it was really interesting to hear the point about The importance of not only working with the people that have been displaced but very much also with the host communities But you also acknowledged the fact that much remains to be done when it comes to Providing legal pathways very much in line with this objective five that we were mentioning from the very beginning Of this of this session So this is really a call for bringing this work at scale And making sure that also we move from designing protocols and policies to actual implementation A still and then a lot needs to to happen on this front. So thank you very much again um now I'd like to to turn last but not least to to Andrew Harper Who was the special advisor in climate action at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees? So Andrew you have the floor. Thank you Thank you very much Cecil and um, it's a it's a pleasure to be here. It's also a pleasure to come after walter because He just knows so much about the issues at play at the moment And a lot of what I needed to say has already been said. So hopefully I'll be able to reduce my intervention to something which is Wesson was anticipated so that there's more opportunity to have this dialogue, which I think is is key um I think in many aspects Today is particularly timely because For those people who were observing the news last night we had another cyclone come through the the Bay of Bengal and It just represents the ongoing tempo increasing tempo of the frequent and intense disasters that are Befalling so many parts of the world and I'll take the the opportunity to to Repeat the words of someone will hook from the center for climate change Where he said and many of you know him We failed to avert climate change. We failed to minimize it now. We have to deal with it And I think that the context of today's session when we're talking about food and security is very much that What has taken place in the past? Does not necessarily bode well for the future and we have to dramatically change the way in which we See the world and how we see our own responsibilities I'm looking across at the member states that are here Many of them being impacted day by day Whether it be and I'm going to miss some but like Egypt very much at the front and center and I should have a call out for Egypt. Oh, by the way, I'm not using my notes now. I'll throw those away Egypt has got a huge responsibility at the moment in order to Draw the issues that are obviously at play the issues which are becoming much more stark than what they were even in Glasgow last year and I pay credit to Egypt because it is putting the issue of human mobility and displacement in the in the in the context of cop 27 Something which has been largely avoided in previous years and so I hope that Well, I expect that many of the issues that have been raised over the next two days will be very much front and center when member states and others Meet it. Shall we shake just next month? Because what is occurring? What is occurring to countries? And I'm looking at Fiji, Ethiopia, Somalia, Philippines Ecuador, Uganda The Sahel, Northern Africa, Central Central americas, southern americas The SIDS even Europe Chad, Burkina Faso Everyone is being impacted And we have to be doing far more and I hadn't heard the word about No one's brought up the issue of loss and damage, but when we're talking about discussions about food and security We also need to be looking at Not just the promotion or the facilitation of migration pathways, which obviously very key But how do we also reduce the The vulnerability of those communities who are being impacted so they don't have to move And it's not putting in walls. It's not putting up barbed wire fences. It's not putting in draconian Sort of laws and policies We have to find ways in which we can Build the resilience of those populations which are being hit the hardest and as has been Repeated so often who have generally got the least responsibility for the mess the world is in at the moment So now I'll sort of go into my into my presentation But also firstly thank iowm for giving me the opportunity to to be here today because In in the discussion about migration or whether it be displacement It's just becoming so difficult to determine why people are moving in the first place Is it because of food and security? Is it because of conflict? Is it because of forced recruitment? Poor governance Why people moving from Somalia to Ethiopia for instance? Why why people move into Kenya? What what's happening in afghanistan? It's We need to be much more sophisticated in our analysis and understanding of what the key drivers are One of those is very much climate change But in in many aspects it's exacerbating underlying challenges related to governance environmental degradation Inequalities so But thankfully we are working in a much more collaborative manner and something which which I absolutely applaud In terms of the complex situations And now I sort of go into my my presentation regular migration pathways As well as other adaptation measures and resilient resilience building of communities Can be effective ways in preventing displacement from occurring the first in the first place But then I would reiterate that We're not even giving that a chance because there's no investments It's like I saw a stat yesterday saying that Only two percent of global investments in renewable energies has been provided to Africa What do we expect when when when that support is not being provided? We're not even giving the opportunity for people to adapt. We're only giving them the choice to move Um when adaptation strategies have failed approved and sufficient People may be forced to flee from their homes While most of them remain within their countries of residence Some however are forced across borders in search of safety and may be in need of international protection And I'll I'll just have an aside there as well that In many aspects it's those people who've got the resources and capacity and who may come from a certain social economic Background or nationality who've got the capability to move. They've got the capacity to move We have to take into account those communities who are extremely vulnerable And focus on those as well The populations that are trapped populations who do not have the capacity to move In not in 2020 UNHCR put out a legal considerations paper and this is in the context of Claims for international protection In in relation to adverse effects of climate change and disasters The relevance of international refugee and human rights law for the protection of people displaced across borders In the context of climate change and disasters And hopefully clarify specific circumstances where international and regional instruments might be applicable As a follow-up to the not As a follow-up to the 2020 legal considerations paper UNHCR has also developed a roadmap for research engagement that aims to identify and analyze concrete situations Where the adverse effects of climate change environmental degradation or the impacts of disasters are considered to have seriously impact on the country's public order Potentially giving rise to the application of the OAU convention And for those people who do who don't know that the OAU convention provides refugee status or provides the opportunity for refugee status to be provided where the country Has the does not have the capacity to provide Response to a disaster So this project will be implemented from the end of night from 2022 to 2024 In close collaboration with African institutional partners And other key stakeholders including PDD Eligibility to refugee status In this context might also include in particular situations where food and security Insecurities linked to conflict and violence Where up where government institutions may collapse or where vital services may be disrupted and famines ensue as a consequence Temporary protection or stay arrangements may also be a pragmatic way to provide protection to those in need where no other legal option is applicable States as has been explained before have committed to expand pathways for regular migration Under objectives 2 and 5 of the GCM including in the context of climate change and disasters This was reiterated in the progress declaration adopted during during the IMRF in May 2022 So despite the challenges things are moving in the right way and this is something which we have to again afford and continue to drive forward However, and as always a however, however, however this stage pathways for regular migration Especially in the context of climate change and disasters remain limited This was apparent from the results of the regional reviews and the discussion during the IMRF This is also one of the main findings of the study on human mobility and climate change in the EGUD region A case study in the shared border regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia Which is being finalized under the migration multi-partner trust fund in the EGUD region and something which walter just mentioned before A number of factors affect the ability of persons concerned to benefit from these pathways for regular migration Including and I mentioned a couple before but here's some more The onerous requirements or application fees The lack of documentation The lack of information on the various steps and requirements The timelines and evidence to be provided The geographical distance from the authority in charge of the procedure The lack of access to consular support the lack of access to complaint mechanisms and legal aid or effective appropriate remedies So it's not it's not just having the the the legal pathways It's also how do we make them applicable? How do we make them user friendly? How do we make them in a way that they will actually be used if there's if there's no real other choice? That being said progress should be noted in a number of countries Which established pathways for migrants or displaced persons unable to return due to climate change related events and disasters Furthermore at the regional level freedom of movements arrangements are Are relevant instruments in the context of migration and displacement relating to climate change and disasters? In this regard some provisions of the IKAWAS free movement arrangements have been implemented to facilitate entry And abolishing the visa requirements for a 90-day stay Furthermore in this is what walter mentioned before Furthermore the protocol on the on the free movement of persons in the EGUD region Which was adopted by member states on the 24th of june 2021 Recognizes that disasters climate change environmental degradation drive migration and displacement and could be alleviated through free movement I think what what I would like to emphasize here is that it's often those countries that Are being impacted most by climate change what actually countries and regions that are being most impacted by climate change That are actually doing the most to do something about it And these are the countries in the regions that need support It's the EGUDs of the world. It's the suddox of the world. It's the argentinas of the world. It's the equidores of the world Who are actually making substantive changes to their their own policies legislative arrangements? And but they can't be left to do this by themselves They have to be provided with the support so that their own communities can adapt and continue to protect Um, importantly as highlighted above I'll be wrapping up now Importantly as highlighted above given that drivers involve in climate change food and security and conflict are often closely intertwined It is critical to ensure that all relevant frameworks and actors are coordinated to ensure a comprehensive response To the various forms of mobility in the context of climate change and disasters Regarding these issues the GCM so the global compact of migration and the gcr global compact on refugees Should therefore be implemented in complementary manner securing food security for host communities in the context of the gcr Can contribute to reduce the migration drivers under objective two of the gcm. That was a mouthful Okay, I'll wrap it up there. Um, and thanks again to iowen for for being so courteous for for inviting us over Many many thanks Andrew I I really like that the first line about the importance of implementing the gcm and the gcr in tandem and how much the two frameworks can really mutually reinforce each other And then that that was that was incredibly useful and and also Cannot agree more with you about the fact that we About the difficulty to to determine why people move in the first place and how intertwined reasons are And how important that is for the international community and for governments to understand this complexity in order to come up with the right solutions and I'm very much noting as well that the focus that you put on the importance of You know building resilience reducing vulnerabilities particularly for those populations that are trapped that have no option that cannot move I think that was that was a very important plea um And finally, I think we also made a very important point about the fact that Indeed we need to do much more in providing legal pathways But we also need to make sure that those legal pathways where they exist are easily accessible So then that was that was also very interesting to to to note this um, so I'm now going to open the floor for question and answers and very much welcoming The the parts have been online to put their they you know to signal in the chat If they want you to take the floor, but before we're going to Take the the the questions in the room in Geneva and for that Dejan, my colleague is going to be taking over for for for that part. Dejan, how do you Many thanks Ansel in this moment. We have the free request for intervention and in following order Qatar permanent representative ambassador who is here in the room with us are following by representative chad and followed by marocco online Qatar excellency the floor is yours Thank you very much Mr. Chair I would like to Say how pleased I am to be able to speak here and I would like to thank everybody for their presentations climate change is one of the dangers that Humanity is facing it is a phenomenon that is Having a particular impact on societies the impact of greenhouse gases and climate change it needs to be taken into consideration, particularly when we look at least developed countries and Developing countries because those are the ones that are most affected by climate change the impact of climate change affects people's livelihoods Across the globe and it also means that people are unable to meet their basic needs climate change also forces people to leave their countries and to go into Exile we need to take a national regional and international measures so that we can Face these challenges in line with this Qatar is an effective partner internationally speaking because it is managing to Face the challenges posed by climate change we have an environment ministry Which is constantly trying to take into consideration the challenges posed by climate change and all the questions that affect well-being we have also established a national plan which focuses on Renewable energy And this is how we will be able to take advantage of our natural resources We also have an alliance Amongst countries that face drought and the Droughts have led to negative impact and also has led to food insecurity through international efforts that we have also Being able to Provide assistance to countries that have been affected by climate change 300 million dollars have been given to LDCs as well as developing countries by Qatar Qatar has also supported Rural communities in Somalia to achieve food security 1.7 Million dollars have been provided and this has been done with the FAO So This Will achieve a food security We also have 468 thousand people that Are being benefited by this project particularly young women and women finally As we gear up to cock 27 next month that we hope that all countries will live up to their pledges And that their responsibilities so that we can Meet our greenhouse gas emissions targets and we also In need ensure that we protect refugees And ensure that we have adequate financing provided to countries that face the impacts of climate change so that these countries Can rise to the challenges of climate change Thank you, Qatar Next on our list is representative of chad who's also with us here in the room please Madame they miss you Ladies and gentlemen It's an honor and privilege for me to take the floor during the second international dialogue of migration in 2022 And I would like to sincerely congratulate mr. Antonio The director general of the international organization for migration for the organization of this event on such an important subject Indeed this dialogue is a true opportunity allowing member states and observers and international organizations and other stakeholders to exchange views and experiences in order to produce Specific actions on food insecurity and climate change and my bullet mobility and development The level of participation shows the importance of the issue of environment in migration under the goals of the global compact for migration and chad is a Champion country for this and it also shows our interest in the sustainable development goals The link between migration climate change and food insecurity is an unfortunate reality that we cannot ignore Today our country chad is facing the harmful effects of climate change due to the rising of the waters of the cherry and logonia rivers which has affected more than 166,965 Homes and has forced people from 18 provinces out of the 23 to leave their homes when these challenges Arise specific actions are brought together So that we can respond to the urgent the government of the republic of chad Has ensured that under the drive of general Mohammed President of transition president of the republic and head of state and with the support of technical and financial partners deploys enormous Resources to help the victims of climate Disorders and that's why we are launching a call to our partners to help us in fight these floods The implication of the highest authorities of chad show the How important the issue of environmental migration at its consequences have been kept in mind And that's why in 2021 the government of chad authorized the international organization for migration in collaboration with the private American university to lead Studies into the link between migration climate change development and food insecurity in chad The results of these studies have allowed decision makers With the within the framework of the nexus of between environmental migration development and food security And i'm very pleased to recall that at the 26th conference of the parties of the UN FCC in cop 26 which took place in glasgo in 2021 We looked in particular at this subject of environmental migration and this subject will also Take a significant place in the discussions at cop 27 which will be held in november 2022 in egypt and where chad will take part To conclude i'd like to Really Highlight the relevance and quality of discussions that we had yesterday and thank you for listening Thank you, excellency. Our next on our list is morocco who is online Good morning from robert Thank you for giving me the floor morocco is a country that is affected by cross-border migration and climate change and because of this We have an integration strategy for migrants and we also have a resilience adaptation and prevention strategy to face the climate change We have different reasons for which we are Hosting migrants for example environmental factors as well as the socio and economic crises It is important to state that regardless of the reasons for which people migrate my morocco has since 2013 a national asylum and migration policy at which Has a clear focus on promoting human rights and this has a comprehensive Responsible and humanitarian and humanist approach to ensure the better management of migratory flows and to be able To host refugees and migrants better as regards ensuring that migrants in irregular situation Receive their documents thousands of people since 2014 in 2016 and 2017 were Given regular status We also ensure that social assistance housing Vocational training employment health care and education is accessible to refugees based on a policy of non-discrimination between migrants and Moroccan citizens The aim is to ensure that they are integrated and that they have access to the same level of services as my As a Moroccan so now It is difficult for us to deal with the consequences of climate change Even though we have tried to better understand the phenomena of human mobility caused by climate change the impacts of climate change linked to environmental displacement The work that is being done by the iom and other international organizations Look at the fact that adaptation to climate change migration strengthening the capacity of Vulnerable countries are interlinked and this means that the international community needs to work in this vein We need to look at The ability of governments to be able to deal with migrants who have been displaced by Climate change we need to look further into the reasons for their displacement In line with this that we have launched a pilot project between migration the environment and climate change which Is being considered and this is a project that was proposed by the iom and this aims to support Morocco in its policies on climate change and the environment through different studies so that we can see the impact of human mobility caused by climate change within the kingdom of Morocco as well as ensuring that people are trained on this subject We have had a regional symposium on health climate change and migration And this has looked at the link between the climate change health and migration in the region And this has been done through Presenting case studies the research and looking at existing public policies on these matters And we also looked at What we could then have as contributions at the cop turns in Egypt Resulting from our symposium Morocco is Following a comprehensive approach to fight climate change Working with international For we have a number of sectoral objectives for 2030 for climate change As regards renewable energy Morocco has invested a lot in renewable energy However, we do need the support of the international communities and investors. Thank you Thank you, Morocco. Next on our list is El Salvador who is with us here in the room One of the best excellent Good afternoon, your Excellencies moderator panelist We are grateful for the opportunity to participate at this session of the international dialogue dialogue on migration We think it's essential to look at priority subjects which help us to strengthen our work in migration And I'd also like to congratulate the speakers for their very relevant interventions on what we have heard As you are aware El Salvador is considered a country of origin transit and destination in a vulnerable area To various natural disasters in 2020 We had a tropical storm Amanda which caused to the loss of basic grains in particular coffee and beans and We were affected by hurricane Julia recently which led to floods and damages Which meant that we had to carry out multiple evacuations in our national territory the intensity of this type of climatic Catastrophe has led to impact on the economy the agriculture and food security And in particular the negative effects of climate change affect men and women Depending on the difference of access and control of natural resources access to education to information to training and participation And that has a significant impact on migration in the region So the government of El Salvador has set up the development and well-being of people and we've set up processes of transformation based on a welfare stage, which gives priority to the most vulnerable and We also include the gender perspective in all activities linked to adaptation medication and the implementation of humanitarian assistance and that's why we've set up our Humanitarian response plan which looks at critical subjects linked to food security and nutrition as well as actions to minimize the impact of climate and environment phenomena One of the strategic axes is based on the response given to populations in Situations of human mobility. So those who are internally depressed displaced asylum seekers Migrants and refugees who face challenges in terms of protection in the context Therefore the results that are foreseen in the plan are focused on contributing to the reduction of food insecurity and the adverse effects of environmental factors and the reduction of gastrointestinal Illnesses in women and children and we've maintained a strong link with human mobility However, we consider it fundamental that on a global and regional level we intensify the exchange of experiences and joint cooperation both on a technical and financial level between countries international organizations civil society academia the private sector and the various interested parties in the development of strategies and policies that are sustainable to help us face the challenges brought about by the negative impact of climate change and food insecurity Respecting human rights and humanitarian assistance in throughout the whole human mobility cycle. Thank you Thank you El Salvador. Next in our room is Colombia and we have Colombia, Guatemala and Guyana as we still have 10 minutes to go I've just asked you to be brief. Thank you Muchas gracias Good morning, dear colleagues and moderator for Colombia. It is great to hear the experience of argentina regarding the implementation of a humanitarian visa for people from Latin America and the caribbean who are affected by disasters We hope that we will see more policies like this so that we can protect people who are affected by climate change Colombia has also focused on the regularization of migrants through Ensuring the protection of the Venezuelan Venezuelan migrants, which has covered millions of migrants from that country we have policies to ensure that we protect and Ensure that the most vulnerable populations are Covered. We know that climate change has a devastating impact on food systems, particularly impacting Children we know that we need to adopt urgent measures to avoid hunger across the world And we also need to change our food systems So that we have health healthy and sustainable food systems for the future Including for migrants and the most vulnerable populations. I would like to Say as regards the policies that argentina has implemented That there are those people who have been given Who've been given these humanitarian visas and we would like to thank argentina for its efforts. Thank you Thank you. Next on our list is guatemala Guatemala would like to thank the organizers for this meeting and the panelists for their statements states face challenges because of the structural causes of Migration and climate change is one of them In countries that are highly vulnerable such as guatemala the damage to life and the livelihoods of people in our region And we see an influence in an increase in migratory flows Food security linked to drought in the dry central american corridor has left more than 3.5 million people In need of humanitarian assistance And that's why we call for a world with a full respect of the environment the protection of biodiversity And of ecosystems as well as the need for an increase of efforts for adaptation and resilience in guatemala Climate vulnerability is due to its geographic position because we are between two oceans the pacific and the atlantic and on the root of hurricanes and tropical storms and we are subject to extreme events such as floods droughts and extreme temperature variation which causes a loss of livelihoods and environmental services which are essential for sustainable development That is why it's essential for our country that we protect migrants and guarantee their fundamental rights throughout the migratory cycle And we repeat the need to promote dialogue and coordinate a timely Response which optimizes resources and we also need to generate corporation mechanisms between states to ensure that we can Manage in a comprehensive way The migration that comes about due to natural disaster and climate change consequences The loss of ecosystems and died Diversity is essential. We need to have an exchange of good practices and to reduce vulnerability of populations And that's why we must improve and strengthen national regional and global efforts and we called on intern on national institutions the diplomatic core in guatemala civil society and United nation system agencies so that we could work in a coordinated manner With the challenges in migration that we currently face It is also essential for guatemala to protect the rights of migrants and their families And we must consider the positive impact they have on their countries of destination as well as their countries of origin And that's why we must redouble our efforts and investments to work on strategies for adaptation and mitigation And we need to build the resilience of communities affected Who need assistance with their livelihoods to ensure their well-being and that of their families. Thank you Thank you. Guatemala next on our on our list is Guyana online Representative Yana, please Thank you very much the chair according to the IOM world migration report 2022 it is estimated that Around 281 million international migrants in the world where they are In 2020 which equals to 3.6 percent of the global population the link between migration and food security And climate change is complex We all may agree migration can impact the food security and environmental conditions of receiving states While at the same time accelerating environmental degradation has been shown to Be push factors for migration for migrants As the global temperature rises water resources will be disrupted. That's impacting food security and increasing irregular migration across borders The world food summit 1996 defined food security As and I quote when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food That meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life end quote As an active participant in the process leading to the adoption of the global compact in marrakesh four years ago Guyana still firmly believes that safe orderly and regular migration Is a major contributor to sustainable development and economic growth Migrants can play a critical role in the economies of their receiving states and through the remittances They send back to their own countries multiple studies Around the world have found that the remittances have an impact on the food consumption of receiving households further considering the potential impacts of climate related disasters the FAO's report The linkages between migration agriculture food security and rural development points to remittances as a form of insurance An additional aspect of irregular migration pathways Sorry of regular migration pathways And its impact on food security is the role of seasonal migrant workers in the agricultural sector of developed countries Circular migration schemes are critical to large-scale food production and thus to ensuring global food security The many developed countries Largely dependent on migrants that carry out seasonal work and to fill gaps not occupied by local workers In the context of the caricum agricultural food security agenda On which is Excellency president modernary finale Of guiana Guiana has made available lands to countries in the caricum sub region for the development of agricultural projects This action is ample testimony of the positive action guiana has been taken To assist in global efforts to deal with the issues of climate change Food security and migration guiana will continue To work with like-minded states and be involved in all global efforts including international dialogue on migration for the implementation of the global compact of safe orderly and regular migration Thank you. Now. I would like to return back to floor to sysil To wrap up the session. Thank you Many many thanks and to all the Member states that have taken the floor Before wrap up the session, I'd like to turn to to a panelist Just to see whether they would like to share some final consideration with with all of us and I can see that Our colleague from from argentina has his hands up already So, I'm mr. Pérez Esquivel. You have the floor Thank you very much. Yes Muchas gracias. Thank you very much. I wanted to Respond to the delegate from colombia who asked a question of argentina the mechanism that we have for the Work on food security Is in conjunction with civil society as I said this program depends on a sponsor system from civil society where an organization Asks for the entry Permit for these people to come into a country and they provide maintenance and Food be it for a single person or for a family So in this case They will be covered for a year and there's follow-up by state Bodies and from the very first day these people are permitted to work without any Obstacles they have equal conditions with access to education and health just as citizens of argentina do And currently this is a very new policy We're still working on it with various stakeholders international organizations the red cross civil society, but we've opened a window now for people to open dialogue with the governments affected from the 23 countries and should it be needed There can be a referencing of cases to our country so that the program can start receiving people affected by recent natural phenomena and Disasters in on duras, dominican republic, Guatemala, and so forth in recent weeks. Thank you So i'm turning maybe now to uh professor uh quinney. Would you like to to to offer some final remarks on this side? Thank you very much. I just would like to take up something the representative from marocco mentioned the difficulties of identification of people in context of climate change because Very often and andrew harper also mentioned that such movements are multi-causal I think one way to deal with that is really to look at the effects and we are here talking about one effect food insecurity and famine And that's the important reason why people need protection Why they need to be admitted to allow to stay in some cases? So rather than looking at the cause You should look at the effects and then start From with the needs and the vulnerabilities of this. Thank you Many thanks, and now turning finally to uh andrew harper Thank you sir, and i'll just go back to the current situation in um In bangladesh, but you could also look at the horn of africa. You could look at um central america and south america and so many other places where The ability of communities to maintain their existing livelihoods And and cultures is is basically being threatened by the day and It's food insecurity just doesn't happen because the food insecurity There's a whole host of other reasons which we need to be looking at and what I still see that's missing In everyone who's talking about Often human mobility or migration displacement Is sort of a more concentrated effort on Not only the the pathways, but how do we support the populations which are trapped or or how do we stop them from being Vulnerable and I see our friends from from the red cross movement here as well who put out a good paper on what's blocking um Climate financing going to those communities which are most in need and I go back to the issue of that The people with the resources are risk averse to helping those people who are most vulnerable And until we turn that around and sort of and the the title is um of the um ODI paper is embracing The uncomfortable or just all the discomfort and I think this is what we've got to be looking at We've got to be seeing how can we support the adaptation? How do we support getting financing to where it's required? How do we support climate resilient infrastructure? Markets that will be fit for the future not just for the current situation How do we look at crops an agroforestry that will be Fit for existing in chad in 2030 or in other locations? How do we ensure that the livelihoods for those farmers with small? Small farms in central america Can resist the the growing impacts? How do we ensure that the the national adaptation plans? Have got Investable bankable projects that we can match with The IFIs how do we stop the excuses for actually helping those people? If we don't give them any choice we'll have to move So there's a lot of elements out there and I think What what I hope cop 27 will do is is will bring even more attention to Concrete examples of where we can make a difference So we're talking about Path migration pathways But it's got to be one element of a much more comprehensive approach Whether it also be the issue of remittances, but what what needs to be done at the international level the regional level the country level the community level And on that note. Thank you Many many thanks Andrew So we we have now reached the point where we are concluding this very rich Discussion. I really want to thank all the member states that I've taken the floor and shared the the knowledge and their Practices with us particularly was Fascinating to hear from the from the government of Argentina But that is a very comprehensive way of responding to the challenges at hand But um, but in general terms, I think we've heard some very strong words In view of the borderhead and maybe that's on that that I'd like to to conclude I think it's indeed very important as it was called by several participants to connect The conversation that we've had today with what's going to be discussed at cup 27 just in a few days So that all together we are kind of joining those dots I can only equal what uh, andrew was saying about the importance of Connecting with the access to climate finance making sure indeed that the most vulnerable population are part of The the support that they are put at the heart of our efforts. Um, I think it's also very important to not oppose what we're doing in terms of addressing the drivers of the multiple drivers of migration and displacement with the aspect of Creating legal and safe pathways. They are obviously very complimentary But what we can observe is that for the timing it needs More efforts have been put on looking at drivers and not enough on Creating the legal pathways that are also badly needed. So it's really having this balanced approach This balanced policy approach that is very much at the heart to think of the conversation that we've had today And I think we really came up with very rich examples As to how it can be done within the regional context And indeed what is now at scale and bringing this at scale so making sure this is not a conversation that remains within regions That are the most severely impacted, but I did become something that we can bring Uh as as a solution for for, you know, globally with in solidarity with with all countries The one severely affected and the one that are left is very much the the road ahead So with these words, I'd like to uh turn back to Dejan in the room But a very warm thanks from my side for what I think has been an extremely rich dialogue. Thank you One more one one more time. Thank you to all panelists and all who intervene now from the floor And now we slowly transit into our next panel where I will invite our colleague manual to come to take over the moderator seat Thank you. Thank you all