 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic in hand is Introduction to the Bonded Labour System, Abolition Act 1992. What is Bonded Labour? My dear students, Bonded Labour is a special type of forced labour and it exists mainly in Asian and agricultural societies, my dear students. My dear students, actually this type of labour mostly crops up in cases where monetary or financial deals occur such as loans. Bonded Labour is a labour in which the labourer is given a loan in advance and is trapped in the throat of the loan and the labourer is taken. This is Bonded Labour. Now let's move on to discuss what is forced labour. My dear students, in accordance with the definition of the International Labour Organization under the Forced Labour Convention 1930 No. 29, forced or compulsory labour is any kind of work or service rendered which is exacted from any person through implied question manifested as a penalty for which the person has not offered herself or himself voluntarily. Now question arises what is quersion? Quersion is basically, forced labour, forced labour, forced labour, forced labour, forced labour, forced labour. Now the question is how is Bonded Labour different from forced labour? My dear students, Where does Bonded Labour or forced labour share similar patterns of oppression? Oppression is called jabbarko. My dear students, the difference between these two lies in the exploitation based on monetary condition. At the simplest, my dear students, Bonded Labour can be defined as when workers are forced into work or services to a creditor in exchange for a monetary advance incur restrictions on their freedom of movement. Bonded Labour may have freedom of movement restrictions on occupation until the debt has been worked off. My dear students, the debtors are often pressurized into mortgaging the services of not only themselves but of their family members as well for a specified or indeterminate period with or without wages. My dear students, the exploitative nature of Bonded Labour between creditor and debtor creates bondage for the several years. Normally, the debt is inherited by the children and the children are the victims of Bonded Labour. This act that I am teaching you is related to Bonded Labour and provides for the abolition of Bonded and forced labour system. My dear students, here we look at the law whereas clause 2 of article 11 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan prohibits all forms of forced labour. So, the Constitution of Bonded Labour does not allow for the abolition of Bonded Labour. So, what is the name of this law? This act may be called the Punjab Bonded Labour System Abolition Act 1992 by the students. It extends to the whole of the Punjab. It shall come into force at once. Section 2 is about definitions. What are the definitions? Giving description of a thing by its properties. Remember that every statutory law has a section 2 of definition. Definitions are basically diction. If a term is defined in the definitions, it means that it will be written in section 2. You know the definition of three types. Exclusive, Inclusive, Exclusive Definition, Inclusive Definition and Exclusive Definition. So, the portion of definition is written in this act unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context. So, it is said that if something is being used in the subject or context and it is necessary, then it will be there. Otherwise, this definition will be followed. Section 2 subsection A is called advance. What is advance? It is defined in the definition. It is also called the word for advance. Advance means an advance whether in cash or in kind. This means that advance is not done yet. It is already given money and it can be in kind, commodity or cash. And partly in cash and partly in kind. Made by one person here and after referred to as the creditor. That is, the loan that is given to the creditor and the loan that is given to the debtor. So, the creditor will work and the debtor will work in exchange for money. The second definition is authorized officer. This means that the officer is authorized under subsection 1 of section 9 of that which we will read later. Bonded debt definition means an advance obtained or presumed to have been obtained by a bonded laborer under or in person of the bonded and forced labor system. My dear students or your definition, your next have bonded labor. This means any labor or service rendered under the bonded and forced labor system. My dear students, the next definition you have bonded laborer. Bonded laborer means a labor who incurs or has or is presumed to have incurred a bonded debt. Hope you have understood the topic. Thank you very much indeed.