 So, let me quickly go through the important points of what elevator pitch is and then we will go on to seeing summary writing for accessible science writing ok. So, this lecture was given by professor Sahana Murthy she is unfortunately not there here today she is on a conference. So, what is an elevator pitch ok. So, an elevator pitch is something that is said in a very short 30 seconds to 2 minutes interval typically the time that you would travel from one floor to another floor in a lift. Suppose you are going in a lift and you are you happen to meet the vice chancellor in the lift and the vice chancellor is asking you what do you do all right. And then you go on saying blah, blah, blah which the vice chancellor is able to make out all right. So, here are few tips on what elevator pitch could have. The elevator pitch is typically used in several of this context. Suppose you go to a conference and you need to introduce yourself very briefly and tell quickly the talk poster is about or if you want to tell your you want to prepare your PSD students for an interview how do you help them do it or if you want to prepare your students for an interview for a job ok. So, these are different context where you want people to be able to articulate the work the technical work it is a technical work that you have done your student has done and they want to articulate it in a very concise form. So, this is a small example to give you what an elevator pitch is and what it is not ok. So, imagine that your student comes to you with the following elevator pitch that she plans to use in an interview. She has written this ready and she is coming and showing it to you please help me correct this. So, how are you going to help correct your students elevator pitch? Is this good enough? Does it reinforce her abilities will her will this get her her job. So, here is what she says she says I graduated from XYZ college in 2012 with courses in marketing and research methods. I work for my college annual festival theme on their publicity I have spent the last 3 years in market research for ABC company I want to move to an interesting platform and use my skills. I am going to reset the hand races and I invite comments on this. We are joined by professor Guru who also took many of the lectures in IIT Bombay. So, if you are ready I am going to call on Javerlal Nehru National College and tell us Javerlal Nehru College whether this is a strong pitch. Yeah, I think it is not a strong pitch because it reflects a CV. The USP of the candidate needs to be explained. The USP of that candidate he needs to put it across saying I am a team player I was a leader who has organized programs in the college and that would be an asset. So, USP has to be marketed. All right. Okay. Thank you. We will go on to somebody else Federal Institute of Science and Technology. I do not think it is actually a really strong pitch because when it comes to like he just the person just say like says like I worked with the ABC company like in the market field or the market research but actually the person should actually concentrate on what he specifically did over there in the market research something which really benefited the company. So, just get a feeling is that this is more or less like a CV presentation where you vaguely say I worked with the company for three years. I worked with another I did this in the college. So, it has to be explained specifically with the company where that person worked. He has to actually he or she has to actually highlight what kind of a specific thing he did over there which benefited that company. I think that will give a good leverage for that person. Okay. Now, thank you very much. We have two good inputs. Now, let me show you another example which has been slightly improved from the original one is given at the bottom and this is improved. I am going to read you the improved one. I have expertise in market research design, modeling and data analysis through three years of market research experience. As a student of XYZ college, I developed a tool using Facebook that was adopted by my college annual festival team. I would like to create marketing platforms for nonprofit organizations. Now, it is the same content, the same person. There are lot of common facts stated in both the things, but slightly the stress has been different and little more have been said. So, I invite comments on the revised pitch. Okay, let's go to Vidya Pratishthan. One is more improved one and it is more technically written as she is interviewed. So, this is the more specific which is expected by the interviewer. She has mentioned her college name, her expertise, her area as well as the new technology she has adopted to improve the publicity. Okay. Thank you. We'll go to Rola and Institute of Technology. Sir, actually here ended showing himself as a how much efficient in technically and what he has done for the like non-profitable organization so that I think it is a strong pizza like the previous one. Okay. Thank you. So, now what we'll do is a small exercise. We have got two good comments and how to improve. Now, what we will do is I am going to switch back to our work. Okay. Now, let us say this is the work that you have done and then you are met with the vice chancellor or the director of your college or university and they ask you, hello, how are you? What do you do? Okay. And you are going to tell them about this work which is this monkey study. Pretend that you are a cognitive neurobiologist and you have done this work and you are going to tell the vice chancellor very quickly about 30 seconds to a minute which is about two sentences maybe or three, four sentences at most. Do not use the same words written here but convey the idea and impress upon your vice chancellor. Okay. Take about 10 minutes or 5 minutes and once you are ready, please raise your hand. I am going to ask people if you are ready. This looks like Amrita School of Engineering. My pitch would be currently I am working on a project to prove that human and monkeys are of the same origin for which I conducted an experiment to know whether monkeys can distinguish sizes as human beings do. And it was observed that monkeys responded in the similar way to human beings on color cues and selection of number of elements. This establishes that they are of the same origin. Okay. That is reasonably good. Thank you very much. K. L. E. Institute, Publi. So my pitch would be I am a cognitive neurobiologist. I have done extensive research on monkeys for the last five years. I have developed an algorithm which exhibits the cognitive skills of a monkey and which can be related to a human brain and it is currently being used in XYZ research center. Though it started off well but afterwards it became little too technical and I think the last second last sentence was not maybe can be improved a little more. We have another version of this in our center sir. Can we present it? Yes please. Currently I am working in the area of biological science. So we have experimented and observed that monkeys responded the same behavior as the humans do. They can distinguish the size, the proportionality of the sizes as humans do. Okay. So you think your vice chancellor will give you a promotion? Probably no sir. No I think yes. Thank you. Sushila Devi Bansal. I am a PhD research scholar and presently I am working on similarity in monkeys and humans for numerical judgments and we find that and or we observe that there is a link between humans and monkeys. Yeah it is a fairly good summary but probably that humans and monkeys share is known fairly widely but the specific aspect with respect to numerical counting and these aspects. So you can probably emphasize on that which was the sentence that you had before the last sentence. So I think yeah it is a fairly good summary. Thank you. Okay let's move on to LBRP Institute of Technology and Research. Sir I am Mayank Bharat pursuing research study which is dealing with monkeys behavior identification size-wise. It is taken as a granted that monkeys are our immediate predator who react more precisely like humans in the numerical and color identification which also states their close inmate with humans. So whether they can distinguish the objects size-wise or not that opens the study area. In progress though that it is found that monkeys do respond like humans which supports the evolutionary theory as well as it opens the further study area of monkeys psychological behavior. Okay this is ME Society IMCC Pune. Yes please call your vice chancellor on board. I am Jyoti and recently I finished with the research related to monkeys and how monkey thinks about numerous numbers and we wanted to find out whether there is any similarity between thinking process related to number their size and everything with human beings and interestingly we found out that there is a similarity between thinking process related to numbers of monkeys and human beings and I think this will help you ask for further studies of to find out origin of monkeys and human beings whether it is same or not that means it will help us. Thank you sir. Okay very good excellent. So the next time when you do you please record what you said and then write it down as text that might be an better way to start off your elevator pitch. Thank you very much. Okay so we will move on to the next topic. So now we have met the vice chancellor now we are going to a nearby school okay we are going to a nearby school and we are going to meet eight standard students. Okay now again we are going to do this pretending work and you have to write a paragraph maybe or speak out a paragraph to eight standard students and everybody in the classroom have to pretend as though you are eight standard students and you have to ask the person who is presenting reveal questions okay. So the person who is presenting has to come and pretend as though they are talking to eight standard students and the others in the classroom please pretend as though you are eight standard students and if you do not understand a particular term ask them to explain it in your language not in the language of their research okay. So let us take about five minutes and then we will call upon colleges who are ready. I just want to recollect a few points of this lecture which we saw in IIT Bombay x accessible science writing I want you to use some of the clues that were given here to make science accessible to a wider audience. So when we mean accessible we mean to non-specialists so till now you are probably talking to very specialists in your area where you wrote an abstract then you met the vice chancellor who is also technical in a way but now you are going to meet non-specialists school students they could be policy makers or bureaucrats okay a general public including your family and parents and so on. So what are the important aspects again the whole thing that you are saying you need to just convey only one fact okay it has to be very clear that important fact has to come and then you need to be three important elements one is the clarity and the vigor so what attracted you to do this particular problem something that people can relate to okay and human elements is something which people can relate to in the in forms of could be human act it is something from your experience so some of these elements if you include in a general science writing or science speech which you are going to give now that will help you connect to the general audience. So we want you to include some of these clarity vigor and humanity. So try to bring these three elements in the talk that you are going to address to the students KIT college of engineering. There are studies going on in various countries that human beings are evolved from monkeys so we need to prove this so what we have to we have did to prove this that we have trained some monkeys to arrange the numbers in ascending or descending order on the given color that is if they have if they are I don't understand what Q is they have to arrange the larger number first and the smaller number if the red Q is given the smaller number should be arranged first but by our studies we have did this where the monkeys showed that they can arrange the number by the given clue Q so they have so by this study they have proved that that monkeys can think like human when the problem is or any situation is there in front of them like we human being think thank you ma'am but you if you go to a classroom or if you have children at home is this how you will explain to them in more software and milder language so I have a daughter who is so four years old ma'am I don't think she will listen to this the only thing that will work is if I tell her story or if I make her involved right so if you go to a classroom before telling about ascending descending can you not ask them give four numbers ask them to arrange in ascending and then ask the question do you think a monkey will be able to do it we have to give some example right suppose I say that okay I have four numbers ten eight seven and eleven and ask your classroom to arrange it in ascending order okay eight standard kids so they should be able to do it after they do then you can ask them do you think a monkey will be able to do it so you understand what I am saying you are delivering something but I don't think eight standard kids will listen to you if you start delivering like that unless you involve them and some people some some kids might say that yes monkeys will be able to do some kids might say that no monkeys will not be able to do and then you can ask them more interesting questions how do I know that the monkey can arrange or not arrange right so I think you you have the information but the way you put across for children or for an audience like that should be more interactive or if you are only going to talk then it should be like a story I thought that that in a limited sentence you have to explain them so I curtailed my sentences within a small sentence but but I spoke only four sentences I said arrange this in ascending order now do you think monkeys will be able to do it then you can say okay I have done research which shows that monkeys do it not more than three sentences okay thank you thank you sir thank you silicon institute of technology come forward and face the audience please you are a school teacher and they are all your children are you listening to me all of you yes now I will explain your I'll tell you a story first you must be aware that in the Ramayan when Ramchandra was building the bridge to rescue Sita he had used human he had used the monkeys must be aware the monkeys were asked to build the bridge with the stones yes and as we all know that the monkeys have been considered as the immediate ancestors of human beings so based on this knowledge we conducted an experiment we tried to prove that monkeys can behave and distinguish between large and small units larger and smaller numbers the monkeys were given training to do so and were seen that they behaved in a similar manner as the human beings they were able to distinguish between larger and smaller numbers when the color cues were given the color cues of red and blue color so they behave in a similar manner they were able to distinguish as to which is the larger number and which is the smaller number when those colors were shown to them so will that be okay thank you ma'am the initial part was okay but I thought you are going to continue in the same vein you started off with a story so I thought you are going to continue with the story saying that Rama said bring the big stone will the monkey know which is the big stone monkey will not be able to say which is the big stone whenever you say big stone monkey will show a color now can this do or something like this I mean the dramatization that starts after a while became non-dramatic and you could see that yourself because you have to refer back to your notes thank you thank you you started off very well it was nice so you just need to improve on the along the same lines yeah yeah thank you so this is MES Pillai Institute hello good afternoon students do you remember the story we heard in the childhood monkey and the capsular yes what happened there what monkey started imitating whatever the capsular was doing and capsular was able to get all his caps back do you think if the capsular had started arranging his caps in a bigger size to smaller or smaller to bigger would monkey would have done that you think yes and also we know that we hear from that our ancestors were monkey so now there is I have done a very small study whether the behavioural pattern of monkeys and human beings are similar or not and study is done which shows yes monkeys are able to distinguish between the larger number and the smaller number do you think it is possible monkey will be doing this thank you ma very nice very nice medicap good morning students this is professor Akriti Shastri I have I am a faculty of life sciences in medicap's institute of technology and science and I have been involved into doing a lot of research work related to animals and human beings and I think it might interest you to know that just recently I conducted a research to find out the similarities between the brain of monkeys and human beings and this was what I found the result was that as human beings the monkeys are also able to distinguish between the numbers starting from you know the lower numbers to higher numbers and this was done in my experiment by using colour cube so if I gave a blue colour to the monkey the monkey was able to distinguish the number in a higher order and with a red colour it gave me a smaller number so this was my finding I hope that this might have you know related some interest in you thank you you said you prepared some animation no no I said I conducted an experiment but when you present it to school kids there should be some other elements which will make them involved in what you are saying right so what was the element you had in mind to I thought it was just for an elevator pitch and how do I introduce myself and then address the students of 8th class so I told you initially that this was the format how I prepared so so can you change now the format and think that you are addressing some say your knees are nephew who is in say 6th standard and the girl has ok aunty what do you do will you prepare for the talk or will you just say what you do let us not restrict to English language so you are free to speak in any language you are comfortable with other than English if you are comfortable in either language as an maybe Hindi or any other so this is a instruction even to the other centers so if anybody is willing to speak in your own mother tongue and there are people who know that tongue around you you can use that to explain sometimes if you are explaining in your own mother tongue such concepts come out much more simpler and then you can translate that into English so let us try round of mother tongue speaking of general science and let us say if you can simplify the concept the nice thing is if you have not studied science in your mother tongue you cannot use technical words and it will by default be simple so let us try that out and you should not use English words like you when you are speaking in Hindi no English words no English words so can you do it in Hindi without using English words good morning students I am Pekka and sometimes I have used it in different ways and I have used it on animals and I have tried to know how much the mind of animals is connected to the mind of humans and in this way I have focused on the monkeys as you all know that the monkey is our monkey so the monkey's mind is connected to humans a lot and I have used it to establish this fact in this way I have found out that monkeys also recognize the signs like humans do they make a big sign and a small sign can they make a difference or not and my idea is that monkeys also recognize the signs like humans and they can make a difference they can recognize which big sign which small sign and I did it by looking at the different colors so when I showed the monkeys the red color they made a big sign and when I showed the monkeys the blue color they made a small sign so this is how it became clear this is how it became clear that the mind of monkeys is connected to humans a lot and that's why we are also our ancestors monkeys this thing is fixed thank you thank you very much so waltz and my dress which color is it? then which one? 10 because why is it blue? no, the monkey is broken, the training is broken, the monkey is blue so how is it for? for the big number this is 10 and this is 12 so what does the monkey have to show the blue color? hey so this is what your big number is okay so what does the monkey have to show the blue color? thank you very much excellent so the point just to reiterate is that see when you are speaking in your mother tongue you are naturally simplifying the ideas you don't use complex ideas so you are able to convey the essence of the work in a very simple way and it also first of all makes ideas clear in your own mind so now when you go and meet your vice chancellor you probably may be able to tell it in a much more confident way now since you are able to explain this so nicely in your own mother tongue so let's take a couple of more who are ready a little more interesting maybe yeah if you understood Marathi maybe you would have understood the previous one how a little more it was more lively maybe you can try it today with your children in your campus or anywhere in your locality and try it out if they can understand yeah one more thing which was there in the slides also is that sometimes the personal anecdotes are also nice yeah we have lots of monkeys on campus and they do lots of interesting stuff okay so for example if I would talk about monkeys I will tell about some incident that happened like how they came and took all the bread or all the fruits and how they formed a chain and the youngest monkey went inside and it was pausing on to the others so something like that which interests uh so some personal anecdote of that type which is humorous or which is interesting curious is always nice thank you ma'am San Francis Mumbai Bandar ne kya kya Bandar ne ka meh zara aapki madat kar detao okay aap jagdo maat Barabar Barabar his kar detao okay fir hua kya lekin billy on ko roti mili Bandar ne kya kya oora lekar kya kabhi ek side kata nahi yeh thoda zada hai meh aapko Barabar kar kya detao fir dosri taraf ab defiantly yeh toh koi bandar hi ho ka jo mani kya Bandar hi hai harkat kar sakta hai ki equal equal karde ekdham Barabar karde sahi hai aap meh zara baat badal thi hu sahi nahi hai Hum ne ek chota sa study kandak kia jhaan pe me aapko kuch alak batah hu Bandar ho ko aap mani nehi actually yeh patah hai ki kya bada aur kya Chota yeh study shahit jab hui thi toh huma rahe yeh bandar hu mea us me shahit nahi hoonge isli unse gharabad ho gayi par huma rahe study kia thi hai agar hiinhe sach me sikhaya jaayi unhe actually bataya jaayi kaha pe kuch bada kaha pe chota aur train kya jaayi yeh aapke hum logon hai rangon ka issamal kya tha bada ke liye neela chote ke liye laal aur ho gya kamal yeh actually training pitha darmiya seek gaye ki bada chota ka work kya hai toh yeh ek cheezah jo maa aapke saath batah nahi chati thi thank you very good thank you excellent very good Raja Ram Bapu Namaskar Vishesh tada nahi dil liye hi thi maa beryat prakar Vishesh nahi laul liye hi tha makrana ter ek diwas kaya jaale ki sagaya makrana asa watle ki apan engineer hoi tsai apan engineer hoi tsai mak engineer hoi tsai main liye avar thi tancha phoda fakta 2 nas option hote ek manje RIT islampur ani IIT Bombay jhala kaso ata jaya makrana samar fakta 2 nas center ek manje RIT apala college kya apan manu sanghili's college ani IIT Bombay IIT Bombay laa laal color liye laul tha thar sanghili college laa liya color liye laul tha kya makrana he seekavna thali laul tha adi ki laal color manje it's danger IIT Bombay is danger ani newa color RIT, safety jhala tasa tsai tencha leader na order liye ki apan sanghili laa zai tsai manje kutte tsai newa color kade zai tsai ani jhala tasa sagaya tsai nikade tsale manje atun kaya prup zhala ki tenna adi koni tari sanghili laul tha ki newa color manje it's safety makte IIT Bombay kade gali nahi kutte gali sanghili laa gali maya urn kaya samuzla ki makrana rangatad naa astu okay chi gai sunal kaya samuzla okay thank you it was okay but the main point didn't come through it was about numbers and not about colors that's fine that's okay and maybe you're telling a different story the idea was to convey a point which is good thank you very much ah Gandhi Institute Bhuvaneshwar so so Now, I am also going to say thank you very much, peace be to you. Peace be to you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Gyanamani is ready. Where is this Gyanamani? It's in Namakal. Do you all know about the tiger? Today, we are going to tell you about the tiger and the numbers. We all know about the tiger. The tiger comes and sets us up. As humans do, it sets us up and sets us up well. But we humans don't know what the numbers are. But the tiger doesn't know. How are we going to tell the tiger the numbers? The tiger doesn't always know the bright colors. So, we are going to tell the small numbers to be blue, the big numbers to be red and then we are going to train. Is that all? Okay. Thank you. Thank you very much. Okay, LDRP. How are you friends? Are you having fun? Yes. My name is Mayank Bharoth. Today, I am going to tell you a very fun story. Have you ever seen a tiger? Yes. Yes. We have seen it on the grass, on the grass and on the grass. Today, we are going to train in the city. So, we are going to see this tiger. We are going to have an accident there. So, today, I am going to tell you a story. A tiger. We know that a tiger is worshipped by God. It is called Hanumanji. It is called Saras Prasang in Ramayana. When Ram and Ravana were born, they were called Abhimanyu. They killed a tiger in the forest. And they killed a tiger in the forest. And the tiger became unconscious. They became unconscious. They said, Hanumanji, go and get Sanjeev's boat. At that time, Hanumanji got up and reached Himalaya. He didn't know that there was a Sanjeev's boat. There was a Sanjeev's boat. He went there. And then, he didn't know where he had to go. So, at that time, he had to climb up the mountain. And he said, I didn't know that there was a boat, a mountain, a grass. The way you went, there was a Sanjeev's boat. And this is what Vaidiji said in Ramayana. Hanumanji didn't know that there was a mountain, a grass, a mountain. So, he went there. Then, we saw in Vignan, he said to Darwin, Darwin's theory, you have to understand that Vandharo is our ancestors. What he said in Ramayana, Darwin's theory and Darwin's evolution, Darwin's theory and Darwin's theory, we said that. And that is what we are going to do today at Hanumanji's temple in India. Thank you very much. Okay, thank you. So, we have a last college, Sonar College of Technology. See, we know that. So, we will do the same thing. Now, I have 5 chocolates on my right hand. I have 10 chocolates on my left hand. Which one will you select first? You will choose 10 chocolates. So, you can identify them. This is small number. This is large number. What is the small number? What is the big number? We can understand them. Similarly, we know the small number and the large number. Do you know how to identify them? We used colours. So, red colour, white colour, we identified it as small number. Blue colour, we identified it as large number. So, we have the same actions for the children and us. This is what we concluded from our research. Do you understand this? Thank you. Very good, ma'am. Thank you. You have another question. How do we balance the delivery to fast and slow learner? You are asking a general pedagogic question with respect to any topic that we discussed today. No, it is general one. And my second question is how do we identify whether the article is letter original or review? I will address the second question which is easier. A letter is a short communication. It is usually something which has to be published in a very small period of time because it is very important. And usually, the turnover time for a letter is about weeks to a couple of months. So, it is very important within this period. So, first of all, it is short. Letter is also called as a short communication. It is usually about three to four pages. Most of the journals explicitly identify letters as letters. Like the example that we saw today is two articles we saw from nature were both letters. In some other journals, it is called a short communication. So, looking at the paper, it is usually four pages, two, three graphs, some 15 to 20 references are everything is compact. So, there is not, they would not be detailed methodology section, they would not be detailed simulation section and so on. Only the main result will be there. All the remaining thing might go into another detailed paper or to a supplementary article. So, that is letter. A review article on the other hand is very comprehensive. There is no new original work that is being reported. So, it is like a literature survey of what has happened over the last five years, ten years and so on. So, maybe five years back, somebody else wrote a review article and now you are writing another review article. So, you have collected all the references in this last five years. So, in review article, typically the size is very large. Total number of pages can run to 20, 30 and so on and the number of references can go nearly about 100. And if you read the paragraph, the first abstract or the interaction paragraph, you can make out that they explicitly use a sentence that here we review the recent developments and so on. The abstract itself will not be in the same structure as we discussed today. They want, there is no problem, there is no one problem statement and there is no one result. In a review article, you will see that they tell these are the broad areas and these are the different aspects that we have reviewed. So, it comes explicitly. Original article is like, if you read the abstract, the two examples that we saw today, you can make out from the abstract that there is a new contribution and that is in between these both, the number of pages is so less than the review article but more than the letter. The number of references also about 30 and not, 30, 40 and not. Your first question, I think it is you cannot address in the same class. You just need to pace it at a medium level and you need to give a special attention to those people. That is my opinion and I will ask Guru to give his opinion. It is very difficult if you have a classroom which consists of people with different pace of learning. There are many suggestions that are given. Some is that you will split the class into groups and you will give different jobs to different groups but like Sundar said, you have to decide what is the minimum that everybody has to learn and even the most learner has to learn that much. That would be your main aim and in the process you do not want the others to get bored so you will give them other extra work or other projects or other things that they have to do at the same time so that you can concentrate on them but many a times it might not be possible for logistic reasons so those cases it is difficult but there are things that are possible these days they talk about the classroom is where things will be done. For example you will tell a priori your students what is it that they have to read and after reading they will come to the class in the class you will give a tutorial or a problem to the students you will make them solve. If you take this approach then you can make up problems which are at several difficult levels so you can give the first problem to everybody whoever finishes takes up the next problem and whoever finishes takes up the next problem and so on but all the students will at least have done the first problem or first two problems. So this is a kind of approach that you can try if it is possible for you. Why do not we reduce the examination period for fast learner and the examination period for slow learner. Learning at examination are two different things so examination somebody needs more time or less time might have got nothing to do with the learning speeds. Somebody's working speed might be different but it consumed the time period for fast learner examination period is. Somebody might learn very fast for example somebody might know learn a concept in half an hour but that does not mean that they will also work very fast so we put our syllabus in modular system then it is possible to take examination for all the students. So fast learner can complete their graduation instead of four years they complete their graduation in two years. Many parts of the world people do that but for whatever reason that is not what is allowed in India because we have certain number of years for every degree students have to do that many years but yes that is possible but I do not know in the current system that we have whether you can manage that. My question is to you Guru Rajan sir go ahead I am having some question for you sir that as you also gave a lecture on quizzes IIT the series video series which we have expanded on that you gave a lecture on writing I mean I am having some doubt in the sense that when we go to write abstract writing of a research paper we simply we have to go for the practice I mean we have to spend a whole day or three days, five days or seven days on that abstract writing are there any authentic website would you suggest at your personal level that is abstract writing I don't know many there are courses which are available online you can try Coursera where you can go through the course in about a semester's time where you will get to do lots of exercises and your colleagues who take the course will correct it for you but I am not aware of too many websites which will help you in this process there might be there but I am not aware of them Hello Walshan I have got two questions regarding the journal paper while writing abstract or in the abstract can I make reference of the IS code or ASTM that is first thing and second thing is regarding the references generally the references are given in the literature part but suppose in the result part I want to utilize some reference then can I do the same number there because in the journal papers whatever I have seen the numbers are never repeated or one number is not given in the letter part so is it okay or then what should I do suppose I want to reuse the reference of the previously made which is I have made previously in the result part what should I do sir okay to answer your first question can you refer numbers like ASTM or ISO numbers in the abstract so there is nothing that stops there is no rule that says you should or you should not you decide what is the importance of putting a number if you think such a number see what is an abstract what is the purpose of an abstract an abstract is freely available an abstract is indexed by all search engines now if you think giving a particular number is important for the searching or is important for somebody who is reading the paper so everybody first reads the abstract they decide if they want to read the paper and then only they download the paper now it is your decision to decide whether you want to give this additional ISTM number if you give that number will it help some search engine somebody you think somebody will use the number to search ISTM number to search or somebody will use ISO number to search or if it will help them download the paper because you have given particular ISO number so it is a call that you can take the answer to your second question I think you have probably misunderstood thinking that the numbers in when you put in the text for references they come only once no it is not they can come any number of times usually when you write a story it comes like in the sequence in which the references are cited the same sequence references are numbered so you are free to use it any number of times even within the text not necessarily the conclusion definitely within the conclusion or any other part you can use numbers what is not recommended is using the same numbers in abstract because using a number in abstract does not carry any meaning abstract has to be read on its own in an abstract if you put numbers they do not know what that number refers to because they have not downloaded the paper but within the text or within the anywhere in the conclusion appendix anything you can use and you should use the same numbers repeatedly thank you my question was there are many journals available on the internet how to select a proper journal for publication of research paper see one of the things that you can do if you do not know anything is to find out who are the publishers some of the journals are from professional society like materials research society publishers American chemical society publishers American ceramic society publishers and European physical society publishers American physical society publishers so you can look at the publisher if it is a reputed association for the professionals then it is a good journal so that is a rule of thumb it is not necessary that all of them have the same impact factor but generally if they are published like royal society or something then it is good this is one thing that you can look up okay are there any professional societies which are publishing in my area second thing you can look up is that there are companies like Wiley or Taylor and Francis or Elsevier there you have to be a little bit careful because they also publish good journals and they also publish so-so journals but the advantage with these journals is that in their web page for all the journals they publish they give you the impact factor impact factor is not necessarily the only indicator of good journals there could be journals with lesser impact factors but they might be publishing good papers but overall it is still a good indication of a good journal if possible you should choose a journal with higher impact factor what do you think whether it is a good idea to publish the journal online or it is always a good idea to publish in journals which have a print publication most of them also allow the article to be available online online only and sometimes they are also called open access there are good open access journals I am not saying all open access journals are bad but there are online only open access journals which will ask you to pay large amount of money and then they will publish without doing a proper job of peer review in such journals you should not publish the quality of a journal is in the quality of the peer review that you receive how much comments you got how carefully somebody went through your paper how much of feedback they gave you and how difficult it is to convince the reviewer and publish if the process is harder probably you are publishing a good paper thank you okay fine thank you very much goodbye