 Llywodraeth am y dyma, yn ymddangos i chi wedi bod i'n gweithio a'r ystyried o'r wych, a byddai'r cymdeithas cyfnodd, cymdeithas cymdeithas cyfnodd, ac mae'r 25th Greif Genesaf ar Afriwyr. Ym mhaen yw'r ysgrifiadau oherwydd mae'r berthynas iawn ar y diolch gweithio ar y ffordd a'i cyfrifauwyr a'r perffwnant inni ac yw'r snyddoedd ag Dabos yn Swytho, a'r argymdeithio ar Ysgrifennu South Africa. The challenge was launched, the UBS Davos challenge, which saw participants at our annual meeting collectively walk a sufficient number of miles to trigger a project by UBS to donate bicycles to school children here in South Africa. We're of course talking about the beautiful Buffalo bike, which you see right in front of you. The purpose of this issue briefing is to download some of the facts about the journey sydd wedi yw'r mynd i'w fyddechrau i gyflwyno'r ysgolwyddau ac y gallwn y llyfodl ymgledd ymlaen. Ieg ydych chi'n gofio mas gynnig am y cwliadol, Elsie Cansa, ynghlŷr ynghylch erioedd Afrofynig yng Nghymru yn y cwylwyr, ac mae'r ysgolwyr ymdeg ar gyfer y cyfnod o'r cyd-dweud ymddangos ymddangos ymlaen. Yn ymddangos hwnnw. One of our 10 global challenges this is just underscoreing the importance of global and regional levels. One of the errors in which Africa lags behind for us as highlighted in this report is education. It's education at all levels that ultimately impacts how effective companies can be, Cyfaint ymddell ymddir iawn. Mynd i'r ffordd, mae'r ffordd yn eirio'n ei ffordd ymddir i'r ffordd, yn ystod beth o ddim yn ystod yn ei ffordd ymddir i'r ffordd, yn ystod yn gweithio'r ffordd. Mae'r ffordd, yn ystod, er mwyn ymdill o'r ffordd, yn cael Gweithfyrdd a'r ffordd o'r argynigol i'r gwaith yng Nghymru, i'r ffordd o'r anhygoel, i'r anhygoel, i ei ffordd o'r ffordd. Yn amlwg, mae'n ddweud o'r progresion. As we move from establishing the forum to building communities, to moving from ideas to action. So this particular initiative by UBS came at a welcome time with this focus on boosting human capital as well as addressing youth unemployment. It was particularly welcome to us because it's about engaging the diverse community, the global community, in issues that are locally relevant with being able to draw upon global expertise and you'll hear more about that, not just in terms of interventions, but also in measuring the impact that interventions can have. And we look forward to seeing how these bicycles will impact the lives of school children in rural South Africa and ultimately across the continent and the world. Thank you. Thank you, Oli. Now I'd like to ask Caroline Anstif, the global head of UBS and society, to talk us a little bit through the journey from the conception and maybe what you've learned since then and what the next steps are following this meeting. Well, thank you very much, Oli, and thank you to Oli. It's a great delight for us to be here. I think, as Oli mentioned, this is really a grown out of the Davos challenge. What was the Davos challenge? It was a challenge to the participants in Davos to walk six kilometres. For every six kilometres each participant walked, we would donate a bicycle and we donated 2,500 bicycles and I'm pleased to say that 600 of them are being delivered later this month here in South Africa to Limpopo province. Why six kilometres? Because six kilometres is the average distance. A South African school child in that region will walk to work. And why bicycles? For exactly the reason that Elsie said, because we see already that the further a child has to walk, the more it can impact its enrolment in school and the more it can impact attainment. But I think what is really critical about this programme is not just the donation of bicycles, but I think it's the commitment to try and find out exactly what the impact is. Elsie talked a little bit about the history of the Weff and the Forum. I think if you went back 10 years to discussion almost anywhere in the world about development, all the discussion would have been about the volume of money, how much money is being given. There was very little focus on impact, results, value for money. And I think the world has changed. Taxpayers want to make sure that if it's public money, it's used well. Private donors want to make sure they have smart philanthropy and the money is used well. And the private sector also wants to make sure that the same kind of results measurement can be used in development, in education and health that are used in the private sector. So what does that mean? I think it means that in the case of this project and some other very interesting work going on in South Africa, there's a real focus on the results base. And we're very pleased that we've launched now a study, SRI, out of Stamford, the US, are doing basically an impact study of the effect of the bicycles. What does that mean? That means they're going to track for two years a group of the students who received the bicycles. They will look at what is the impact on enrolment, what is the impact on their performance in national exams, what is the impact on gender imbalances. We know there is a gender imbalance. More boys are going to school than girls. And what do those results tell us for how we can scale this program up? Well, bicycle relief is doing 6,000 bicycles in South Africa and there's potential to take this program in many more African countries. I think this survey by SRI is the first one that's ever been done in Africa. So I think the results will be very key for seeing if this really is a powerful intervention and testing the results of the Davos challenge. We know that a similar study was undertaken in India where by giving bicycles to girls it had an enormous impact on reducing the gender gap. So I think it's a very important initiative. I think it's very significant that South Africa is doing it and there are other places in the nation, in some of the provinces, where results-based financing is being done. And we will make the results transparent. Why is UBS partnering on this? I think UBS has perhaps the only foundation attached to a bank in the world that is committed to using clients' money for development purposes in a way that is impactful, has results, can be measured and have leverage. And this program fits in very squarely into that. And as I say, I think the proof will be in the pudding and so far the pudding is rising well, but we have to check on it every six months or so to make sure the results really are on track and where necessary make mid-course corrections. Thank you very much. Thank you. FK Day, you're the co-founder and executive vice president of World Bicycle Relief. Perhaps give us some background to see your philosophy here and also your involvement in this project and how you see any lessons learned from implementing on the ground. Great. Thank you very much, Oliver. First, thank you, and Elsie and Caroline. It's wonderful to be here. I think to start with, if we panellists went around the room and asked everybody what their transportation story was today or this week, we'd probably hear stories about being stuck in traffic, having delayed airplanes, getting in a train, driving your car. But if you ask the same question in many parts of rural Africa, what you'd find is their transportation story would be about walking. And oftentimes it'd be about walking from sun up to sun down, trying to get a little bit ahead, walking to get to school, walking to the clinics, walking to the fields to work and then walking to the markets to try to sell. So we don't have a transportation amongst us in this room, but there are many, many people to do. We don't think about it because we have so many choices and that's really where World Bicycle Relief comes in. We founded World Bicycle Relief 10 years ago immediately following the Indian Ocean tsunami. We thought to ourselves, well, maybe we could raise money and send it to the Red Cross or maybe we could do something more impactful, leveraging our experience in the bicycle industry and deliver large-scale programs to individuals who had lost so much. We measured the program in Sri Lanka. It was about 23,000 bikes, 24,000 bikes, and we found that there was deep and immediate impact in the areas of education, health care and economic development. After the end of that program, we thought, okay, great. We'll go back to working in bikes for the US and Europe. But someone came to me and said, do you know what World Bicycle Relief? The work you've done here is important, but do you realize that the same number of people that died in the tsunami die every two weeks in rural Africa silently and preventably? They said, you've got to scale this up in Africa. So our first program in Africa was in Zambia where we did a 23,000 bike program in support of connecting health care workers out into deep into the communities. And then we moved into microfinance and then we moved into education. Education is what I'm going to focus in on for a second. We found that connecting students to distant rural schools had a direct and immediate impact on attendance and performance. Our internal studies suggested that over 20% greater attendance was occurred after someone received a bike in the rural areas and over a 50% increase in the performance occurred. To date, we've done about 60,000 bikes in multiple countries throughout Southern and Eastern Africa and the results are very similar. We have never measured the program to the extent that UBS is measuring it today. All of our work is qualitative or quantitative. No, anecdotal, mostly anecdotal and there's still a lot of numbers but we've never done it with the rigor that UBS has bring to this. We've done a lot of measuring and evaluation because it's important for us to improve our programs but the rigor with which UBS is leading this study is going to have a dramatic effect definitely on our programs but hopefully on the educational outcomes of rural students all over Africa and many other developing countries around the world. Our focus is primarily on the girls students where we have a passion for that and the results there extend the length of your arm in terms of safety, attendance, time saved. It's pretty remarkable. We're very excited to be part of the study. We thank you for your forward looking way of addressing development and looking forward to the next two years working with you. Thank you. Save any questions? Okay. Early nerves. Adrienne, can you please give us your name? There's a microphone coming and let us know where you're from. Thank you very much. My name is Adrienne Classan. I'm with, this is Africa at the Financial Times. I was just curious first of all, how much are, I'm assuming that this bike model that you have in front of us is of the type that will be given to the communities in Limpopo. And I was wondering, how much are each individual bike worth, roughly? It depends how you cost it, so to speak. We try to apply all of our expenses to get the bike here, the expenses for training mechanics. We've trained over 1,000 mechanics to help maintain the bikes, get them out in the fields. But I would say a rough guess would be in the 150 to 175 range depending on how you looked at it. If you piled everything in, it would probably be more like in the $200 range. But if you looked at it just as cost of goods coming out of our manufacturing countries, it would be a lot less. Great, and then as a follow to that, I was just wondering if there were any concerns, I mean, $150 to $200 American is quite valuable in those contexts. Are there any concerns that the bicycles might not be used for the purposes intended but might be either sold for parts or used by family members for other purposes than getting kids to school? And is this something that's been observed in other programs? I think a really important part of the programming is that we manage the supply chain. We provide a template that we have found has worked in different areas and we work with implementing partners on the ground that are really community-based organizations that have deep relationships with the communities. They put together a bicycle supervisory committee that includes the headmasters of the schools, the headmen or women of the communities, teachers, parents and students. And their directive is to select the students who should receive the bike. We don't know that, they do. The primary, it's primarily based on distance. And then also to assist in monitoring the usage of the bike. And if the bike is, if the child stops coming to school and the bike is being used to run to the pub, then that's not the intention. The community will take that bike back and reallocate it. So we've really pushed that monitoring deep into the community so we've seen great results for that. I would add one point about the family's use of the bike. The program does allow for the family to use the bike when the bike is not being used for school, as long as they're not using it as an either or. But one of the things that they're monitoring is going to do is look at, when the family uses the bike, do you have knock-on benefits around access to healthcare clinics? And what does it do particularly for the women in the family in terms of their mobility? And early signs are that, yes, it can be used in a very positive way to help with access to health and other public goods. Any other questions? Gentleman, the third row. Hi, my name is Alton Plikes from Ventures Africa. How much weight have executives put on since Davos after the six kilometres? My real question pertains more to how do... Do you have any plans to cascade this to other schools perhaps where kids are in good schools where they could take part in some kind of activity that could assist? And then South Africa, as an example, has the biggest cycling event in the world, the Cape Town August cycle tour. You could cascade that into... In a country like this where so many people are active, are there any plans to cascade that into the kind of event where people would pay and that kind of funding be used for these bicycles? Well, I think it was very successful at Davos and in fact the average distance walked was about more like 13 kilometres. And the way it was set up was that everybody had a fit bit which would measure their distance of walk and also has very good health implications and health results. I think it can be rolled out to lots of different venues and it probably should be. From the UBS point of view, what we're really interested in doing is now using this study to see what the impact is, how we can target it, how it could be scaled up. Because I think, as I said before, the real key around development now is to know what is the result of intervention A as opposed to intervention B and then direct either your public resources or your private resources in that direction. So I think from our point of view we really want to see the results of this study and since this is the first study of its kind in Africa, I think it will be enormously valuable to other organisations and other countries. Judgement in the front row. Thank you. Johann Barnard from Maiden, Guardian Africa. What are those metrics of success? We don't have the greatest track record in education. Never mind giving the kids textbooks. So how do you measure that and how would you then roll that out to other African countries? I think obviously bicycles is not a silver bullet. It's going to help on attendance, we think. It will help on gender parity. And we believe, as it's shown in other countries, it will help on attainment, but we have to test that. But it isn't a substitute for an issue of our children getting the textbooks, our children getting the proper nutrition they need to learn. So I think we have to be conscious of other interventions and we also have to look at what is the overall quality of education in some of these schools. We know that in rural schools often don't have the same degree of investment around education, don't have the same quality of teachers, don't get the same attention from local provinces. I think what is interesting about this is the study is going to be in three provinces, Limpopo, Cwazulw Nathau, and Eastern Cape. And you'll be able to see a little bit some comparisons across them as well. But education we know is the best investment that you can probably make in your society's future. Learning attendance are really key. Bicycles will help in some areas, they may not help in all areas, but we also need to focus on the other interventions. And again, for that, the more we know about what are the levers that you pull to get a result here or a different result there, the better. Do we have any more questions? There's one from me actually, Caroline, if you don't mind. If you can doge me for a second. One of the impact investors I met this morning was on the news, in fact, just the people else who was going live, was lobbying for 20% of all CSR funding to be channeled towards education. Do you agree that that kind of ballpark figure is right? I think it depends on different contexts. Sometimes, I would argue, the development world has been too siloed of different interventions. There's no question that education is important, but so is health. One of the keys is how do we put these things together? If you can use your schools for also delivering your healthcare, you're already bringing two areas together. So I think education is important, but it's more important in certain continents than others. If you look at East Asia, for example, they have very good education numbers, but then they've made the investment. So I think in Africa, education would be a very high priority for your social investment. Any more questions? OK, well, thank you very much. Thank you all on my panel, and thank you for joining us here in the room, and also thank you to our audience watching us on our webcast.