 The study found that one third of 10-year-old Dunedin, New Zealand school children needed mandatory orthodontic treatment based on the Dental Aesthetic Index, DAI, while the remaining children were almost equally divided into other treatment-need groups. Crouting and spacing in at least one incisor segment and a molar occlusion other than angle class, one were common among the children, with more children needing orthodontic treatment than older children in studders using the DAI.