 Salt crystallization is a major threat to frescoes leading to cracking, flaking and detachment of the pictorial layer. To combat this problem, it is important to identify the source of the salt deposits and develop appropriate restoration and or conservation strategies. In this study, chemical analyses were conducted on samples taken from the frescoes in the Church of San Panfilo in Villa Grande di Tornempart, Ellaquilla, Italy. The results showed that efflorescence consisted of newly formed gypsum and carbonate, suggesting that capillary rise and infiltration are the primary sources of soluble salts. This information will be critical in determining the best approach to preserving these works of art. This article was authored by Valeria Comite, Andrea Burgamy, Chiara Andrea Lombardi and others.