 In this presentation, we will discuss rules related to fees and commissions for a CPA firm, a public accounting firm engaged in audits and attestation arrangements, attestations agreements. We're going to start off with the contingent fees. Recalling what a contingent fee is, the fee is going to be contingent on something, typically some kind of future thing. The type of contingent fee that might come to mind is something like a lawyer, for example, who has a contingent fee on the outcome of the case. So their fee possibly being then contingent on the outcome of the case. That would be an example of a contingent fee. Now note the problem with contingent fees is they could compromise our opinion on it, especially if we had a contingent fee, for example, in a similar situation with regards to the audit itself. If we had a contingent fee that basically said it's going to be contingent on the opinion we give, then that would give more pressure for us to give a favorable opinion because then that would be the opinion that would be needed to get the highest fee. So obviously, we don't really want if the good that we are given of the service that we are providing is the trust of the opinion that we're providing. We don't want that opinion to be contingent on a fee or the fee that we'd receive to be contingent on the outcome of the opinion because that's going to give us more pressure to give a favorable opinion and it may look in appearance to be compromising independence. So therefore, whenever you think about these contingent fees, a kind of fee structure that's going to be contingent on some type of future event, I really want to think through that and see how it might compromise the work that is being performed in some way, especially if it's, of course, an opinion type of thing, it could really compromise the work that's being performed. So a member shall not perform for a contingent fee any professional service, notice it says any professional service for or receive such a fee from a client whom the member or the member's firm performs an audit or review of financial statements. So obviously an audit review is less substantial in terms of the opinion and the work that's done in the review, but still an attestation agreement, then we have a a compilation, which is basically compiling the information into the financial statements of a financial statement expected to be used by third party if the compilation report does not disclose the lack of independence. So in that case, we may be able to compile, which is that which is usually not anywhere near significant of the work that's going to be done in an audit, as we compile the information. However, we would have to disclose that there's a lack of independence in that situation and examination of prospective financial information. A member shall also not prepare an original or amended tax return or claim for a tax refund for a contingent fee for any client. So notice this is another area within taxation where we want to really stay away from the contingent fees, because again, you could see how it would compromise the tax preparation process. If we were to say, for example, our fees going to be dependent on the type of refund that you're going to get, or whether you owe taxes or not, that could compromise the tax preparation process. And so we really just want to kind of stay away from that kind of contingent fee in those areas. Now we're going to consider commission and referrals fees starting with commissions prohibited commissions. A member in public practice