 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy, displayed at the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvannandapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the timestamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis will be available in the description section and also in the comment section given below for the benefit of the smartphone news. Let us now start our analysis. The first news article is about the economic survey which was presented by the chief economic advisor. The analysis of this news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and then under economic development and in your mains preparation it will be relevant in your general studies paper 3 under Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Now the economic survey for the financial year 2018-19 was released by the economic division. This division comes under the department of economic affairs under the ministry of finance. This economic survey 2018-19 is the survey of performance of the economy that is the Indian economy from 1st of April 2018 to 31st of March 2019. So this economic survey also provides the insight for the economic prospects of the country that is India in the future. So based on this economic survey the general budget of India would have been prepared and as we know today it has been presented in the parliament and which will be seeing in tomorrow's Hindu news analysis. Now this economic survey 2018-19 sets out the blueprint for 5 trillion dollar economy and this economic survey focuses on shifting gears towards a virtuous cycle. This virtuous cycle of savings, investments and exports in order to transform India into a 5 trillion dollar economy in the next 5 years. So in economics they talk about two cycles. One cycle is on a positive note and the other cycle is on a negative note. The one which is in the positive note is the virtuous cycle and the negative note is the vicious cycle. So let us focus on the virtuous cycle that has been mentioned in this economic survey. A virtuous cycle enables animal spirits in an economy and it encourages the important factors of economic growth such as investment, productivity cycle, growth, job creation, demand and exports. Now what is this animal spirit? Animal spirit and economics refer to the psychological urge of investors and consumers to get into more of economic activities. So it is an economic optimism and confidence. So it will drive the investors to make more investments even when there is uncertainty. This is because of the understanding that higher investment will rejuvenate the economic growth. So even the investors will have that psychological urge to invest more and the consumers will also have the urge to buy more. So this is what we call as animal spirit and economics. In this virtuous cycle investment, particularly private investment is a key driver and this private investment drives demand, creates capacity, then it increases labor productivity, then it also drives the introduction of new technology, then it allows creative destruction and it also generates jobs. By creative destruction, we mean the innovations in economic processes that replace the old economic policies or practices in an economy or in a particular sector. But for investment from private sector to happen, there has to be no crowding out phenomena. So what is this crowding out phenomena? Crowding out phenomena refers to a situation where there is huge government spending and for this spending, sometimes the government borrows money from the private sector. So how will the government be doing this? The government needs money to spend. In this case, the government may opt for borrowing or it sells bonds and receives in money. So when it is selling the bonds to the private sector, whatever the capital that is available with the private sector is now coming to the government because government is getting that money. Now there is no money left for investment in the hands of private sector because the private sector has given all the money to the government. So this affects the private sector investment. So this is what we call it as a crowding out phenomena. Also the huge government spending may increase the demand. As a result of this demand that could be inflation. Inflation means price rises. So because of this inflation, now to control it, the government may tighten the fiscal policy. That is now the banks will increase the interest rates. And as a result, the companies will not be able to borrow money from banks and invest in their businesses. Thus the huge government spending crowds out private spending or private investment. Now the news article says that the government will be sticking to fiscal consolidation. That is to handle the fiscal deficit. Therefore, the government will also be not in a better position to feed the required investment. The reason why the investment is important is because India has to become a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25. That is within 5 years. And for this to happen, India must grow at a rate of 8 percentage every year. That means 8 percentage growth in GDP every year. In order to grow at this 8%, we require the virtuous cycle of savings, which will flow as investments. The investment should finally result into exports. And again this cycle should continue. Here investment, particularly private investment is considered to be the major driver for required growth to happen according to the recently released economic survey for the year 2018-19. The GDP growth of India in this year 2018-19 is 6.8 percentage. And it is expected that for the present financial year, that is the financial year 2019-2020, it will be 7 percentage. Now this economic survey has asked to expand the digital technology and the jam trinity. What is this jam trinity? It is just j for jandan, a for adhar and m for mobile. So jandan adhar mobile trinity is called the jam trinity. The expansion is suggested to improve and increase the targeted financial services and other benefits through direct benefit transfers. Then there is also a reduction in the earnings of the government when compared to the budget estimate in this economic survey because mainly because of the reduction in the tax revenue that the government expected to earn in that particular financial year 2018-19, but it did not earn proper revenues from the taxes. So the earnings came down. Now to increase the earnings, the chief economic advisor has suggested the central government to sell the lands of public sector undertakings and also to become a minority shareholder in some of the public sector undertakings. Now to sell the land of public sector undertaking and getting money from it is called as non-tax revenue, just have an idea. Now the surveys also stated that it is realistic to visualize one of the Indian cities to emerge as Detroit of electric vehicles in the future. Now know that Detroit is a city in the state of Michigan in the United States of America. Detroit city which is also called as a motor city was famously known for America's automobile industry. The economic surveys also stated that India can emerge as a hub of manufacturing of electric vehicles with the potential to generate employment and growth. Then the news article is mentioned that the team which is prepared the report had been guided by a blue sky approach to think about the appropriate economic model for India. By blue sky approach, they are trying to convey that they have done original creative and unrestricted thinking to plan for into the future of India. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is based on the employment unemployment status in our country. Now the analysis of this news article will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of national importance and then under economic and social development particularly under sustainable development. The analysis will also be relevant in your main preparation in your general studies paper too under government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Next in your general studies paper three under Indian economy and issues relating to employment. Now this news article is based on the recent report on the employment unemployment status in our country. The report is named as periodic labor force survey. Know that it was released in the month of May 2019 but the survey was based on the period from July 2017 to June 2018. So first let us know some facts about the survey and then we will discuss the article. This periodic labor force survey or PLFS was released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation but just know that in the news article it is wrongly given as labor ministry so just make a note of it. This PLFS was designed with two major objectives for the measurement of employment and unemployment in the country. Firstly it was to measure the dynamics in the labor force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months. This is only for the urban areas in the current weekly status. Then secondly to measure the labor force estimates on key parameters in both usual status as well as the current weekly status for both rural and urban areas. Here just know that usual status or the usual activity status relates to the activity status of a person during the reference period of 365 days. The 365 days are the preceding days from the date of survey whereas the current weekly status or CWS of a person is the activity status for a person during the reference period of seven days preceding the date of survey. Here you have to note one thing in India the household based employment unemployment surveys are conducted by the National Sample Survey Office or NSSW under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Now this employment unemployment survey is a comprehensive household survey which provides the labor force statistics in India but know that the last survey was conducted during the period 2011-2012 and this EUS was carried out over a period of 12 months to account for seasonal variations in employment but considering the need for availability of labor force statistics at more frequent intervals the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation had launched this periodic labor force survey during 2017-2018. Now this PLFS was launched with the objective of measuring the quarterly changes of various statistical indicators of the labor market in urban areas and then to generate the annual estimates of different labor force indicators both in the rural and the urban areas. Now let us get into the article discussion one of the key findings of the report was that the unemployment rate in India is 6.1 percentage according to the authors this unemployment rate is the highest in 45 years the key findings of the report have been subjected to criticism now one of the authors in this editorial feel that many of the criticisms of the PLFS survey are actually not very well informed this is because those who are criticizing are saying that the results are not comparable with the earlier large sample surveys of this NSS the author argues that the sampling method is not changed and it is same like the NSS nothing but the national sample survey but the data of PLFS is different because it was trying to get quarterly data for example how does employment of the same family vary across every quarter quarter is three months whereas earlier national sample survey used to take just one quarter for each household and then it extrapolated or extended that for the entire year the author is arguing that if one takes the same PLFS data and do the extrapolating then we can definitely get a completely comparable data for that the PLFS will give us even slightly better estimates of how the same family and the same household is responding over a period that is over four quarters of the year and do they stay in employment or do they lose employment or does it go from cash unemployment to regular employment and so on so in this sense the author is calling the PLFS as a better survey but here the major trouble is that the survey was meant to be continuous without any gaps since the data was criticized now we have only one year's data and the survey did not continue because it was suppressed then another criticism related to the survey is that while calculating the unemployment rate it did not take the people who are in education into account for this the authors argue that the unemployment actually reflects those who are in the labour force so if a person is in education then it simply means that they are not in the labour force even the unemployment is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons in the labour force according to the author it is the ratio of those who are actually seeking work to all of those who are either employed so this means if a person is in education or training then they are not in the labour force but here you have to note one point the high unemployment rate given by the report reflects the impact of previous education one of the key findings of the survey was that in both rural and urban areas the unemployment rate among the educated that is who has completed secondary education and above was higher than those whose education level was lower than the secondary education so the author comments that the more educated a person is the more likely she or he is to be unemployed this means those who have done beyond high school and are not willing to take just any job they actually try weight and hope to get a job that is at least vaguely related to their qualifications so this means that if higher education or improved access to education is causing a problem in getting an employment for the youth this is because now the individual has become more aspirational youth so the youth is unwilling to work in low remuneration jobs then how can we tackle the problem of unemployment so as a step to tackle it the author suggests the first step it is to register the unregistered or the informal sector if registering is not possible then at least make them to comply with the given standards this is because according to the author in India there are 60 million enterprises and they are mostly the unregistered sector and out of the 60 million only about 1.2 million actually contribute towards provident fund or employees state insurance so if they are registered then they will have to start employing people according to the standards this will attract more jobs and the author says it is one of the measures to tackle the unemployment but the big challenge here is not only in the ease of doing business setting of businesses or getting them registered the enterprises have to start on the job training to make the workers skilled but employers don't want to invest in skilling of the employees so for this challenge the author suggests a portable national program in this program one can acquire apprenticeships in one firm hence it will solve the problem of under investment in skilling by individual firms and people can get easily skilled then the author notes that the situation of decades high joblessness is a result of two factors decades high means almost unemployment for the past one decade one in the economics trajectory and other is the outcome of government policies the author says there is a structural problem which has been going on for about 15 years the structural problem is that often we consider the economic activity and job creation is two separate entities but rather they are interconnected now why these are interconnected because if people get employed all those who get income will go out and spend and when they spend they will create demand and there is a huge paucity or scarcity of demand in the economy so if demand increases then there will be emergence of new activities which will interchange it more entrepreneurs that means there will be more startups and these startups will provide employment and another problem is that whenever someone talks about unemployment in the country the current government seems to think it as a political attack and they fail into look into problems in the economic policy and correct it then another suggestion is the expansion of public employment the need for expansion is two reasons one is that the public employment has very obvious standard multiplier effects here a multiplier effect is a phenomenon in which when there is a change in a particular input such as government spending it causes a larger change in an output the second reason is that our country is hugely lacking in terms of public services that needs to be provided to the people now this reason is because if we look at the average of public employees per population which is a kind of indicator of what public services a country is providing if you see globally the average is 3.5 public employees per 100 people in Europe it is six employees in per 100 and in Scandinavian countries that is in the countries of Norway speed in Finland and Denmark it is as high as 8 per 100 and in India it is even less than two public employees per 100 people so the author feels that is under providing of public services then one reason for the unemployment is that a country has good legislation for construction workers we have a number of laws and regulation for various other workers as well but mostly they are not implemented legislations are there but they are not implemented the legislations are important because it protects workers these are not implemented by saying that if labor laws are present then they do not allow the factories or laborers to expand because they will need to follow stricter provisions which in turn will happen the production but according to the authors it is not correct because many of the factories have daily wage laborers and does not even provide permanent contract to the laborers and the factories exploit the workers to their will this can be avoided if the labor laws are properly implemented and if they are implemented then there will be creation of jobs based on the standards of the labor laws as a conclusion the authors suggest one single key intervention that the government can do to create jobs this single key intervention is that to fill the vacancies in the government sector and expanding good quality public employment this is because presently the job vacancies are estimated to be more than 2 million that is more than 20 lakhs so along with the filling of vacancies a national level apprenticed program is required which has portability subsidized and well-defined accreditation so this program can be taken to entire part of India and this is the need of the heart which the authors feel with this we come to the end of the analysis of this editorial have a look at the practice question let us move on to the next news article this news article is about one of the projections that is given by the economic survey 2018-19 which is based on the demography of India so we just saw our economic survey related news article as the first news article in line with that let us see about the projections given in this survey based on the demography of India now the analysis of this news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and then under economic and social development particularly under sustainable development and demographics then it will also be relevant in your main preparation in your general studies paper one under population and associated issues then in your general studies paper three under the area Indian economy and issues relating to planning growth and development now according to the economic survey India may have to raise the retirement age of the elderly population this is because the country will see a rapid increase in the size of the elderly population over the next two decades that is in the next 20 years this rapid increase is due to the slowing down of the population growth rate now if you see the population growth rate in India has been slowing in the recent decades the annual growth rate during 1971 to 81 was 2.5 percentage then it has declined to an estimated 1.3 percentage as of 2011-16 now this decline in annual growth is due to the fact that all the major states have witnessed a marked acceleration or reduction in population growth during the same period even the slowdown is seen in states with historically high population growth like the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana and according to the survey population is now growing below 1 percentage in the southern states as well that is in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and also in the states such as West Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam and Himachal Pradesh now the key driver of this slowing growth trend is the steady decline in India's total fertility rate or in short we can call it as TFR now this total fertility rate means what it refers to the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman of childbearing age in a lifetime the TFR rate has been declining since the mid 1980s it has almost halved from 4.5 in 1984 to 2.3 as of 2016 here what we have to note is that there is a wide variation in the experience of different Indian states with respect to this total fertility rate the total fertility rate is now below the replacement level fertility in 13 out of 22 major states now the replacement level fertility is usually marked at 2.1 so there is decline even below 2.1 here what is this replacement level fertility means it is the average number of children a woman would need to have in order for the population to replace itself in fact the total fertility rate has reached as slow as 1.62 1.7 in states such as Delhi, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and also even the high fertility states such as Abihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand have seen a sharp decline in the total fertility rate over the years now these developments suggest that India's entered into the next stage of demographic transition the demographic transition is happening with the slowing population growth in the next two decades and along with a significant increase in the share of working age population the southern states then the state of Himachal Pradesh the state of Punjab then states such as West Bengal and Maharashtra are already quite advanced in the demographic transition if you see the total fertility rate is already well below the replacement level fertility then more than 10 percentage of the population is over the age of 59 and at most a one third of the population below the age of 20 but in contrast states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh are still in the early stages of demographic transition in addition to this the projected values for 2021 to 41 that is the next 20 years suggest that the total fertility rate at the national level will continue to decline rapidly that is decrease rapidly and it will lie below the replacement level fertility that is at 1.8 and also the demographic projections show that India's population growth will continue to slow rapidly over the next two decades that is in the next 20 years it will grow less than 1 percentage during 2021-31 and even under 0.5 percentage during 2031-41 period so what is the result of all these changes that we need to know with total fertility rate reaching low levels and with longevity continuing to increase India's population at the national level and in several states will begin ageing significantly this will happen in just a decade from now so we will be having a lot of aged population according to the survey the share of India's young population that is the age group between 0 and 19 this population has already started to decline and further it is projected to drop to 25 percentage by the year 2041 from as high as 41 percentage in the year 2011 so you can see that at least there is a difference of 16 percentage between 2011 and 2041 on the other hand the share of elderly population that is people with age of 60 years and above this population will continue to rise steadily it is projected to double to 16 percentage by the year 2041 from 8.6 percentage in the year 2011 so you can use all these statistics in your mains answers which is related to demographics or how the population is affecting the economy and for questions like that so this means India's demographic dividend will peak around 2041 because at that time the share of working age population that is those age group between 20 and 59 year this population is expected to be 59 percentage the report notes that the changing demographic composition of India's age structure by the year 2041 will resemble that of China and also the country of Thailand as seen or which is being seen in the current decade so why is the change in the working age population very important to a country it is because the changes in the size of working age population plays a key role in determining the size of labour force and determining the direction of interstate labour migrations so working age population means population with an age group that is fit for working and who form the part of the labour force so this will play a key role in determining the size of labour force and also in determining the direction of interstate labour migration that is between states we saw that the share of elderly population will continue to rise steadily due to the aging population there will be an increasing pressure on pension funding so already many countries have begun to rise the pensionable retirement age the countries such as Germany France and United States have increased the retirement age if you see also some countries such as Australia and United Kingdom which used to allow women to retire earlier than men have changed the rules to bring them at par so both of them retire at the same age then many countries such as Germany United Kingdom and United States have signaled that they will keep on increasing the retirement age according to a preset timeline for example in United Kingdom the state pension age will increase for both men and women to 66 by October 2020 the United Kingdom government is planning to further increase the retirement age to 67 in the years 2026 to 28 and to 68 during 2044 to 46 so this is the preset timeline with which the governments work towards increasing the retirement age for the people in addition to this India's healthy life expectancy at the age of 60 has been continuously increasing over the years for both men and women here the healthy life expectancy means the average number of years a 60 year old person is expected to live in full health taking into account the impact of diseases and injuries and the healthy life expectancy at the age of 60 in India now stands at 12.9 years so we saw that the life expectancy for both male and female in India is likely to rise and because of this the retirement age for both women and men will also be in line with the experience of other countries like China and Thailand now this economic survey report calls this as a welcome step and this will be a key to the viability or a success of pension systems and it would also help to increase the female labour force participation in the older age groups now have a look at the practice question let us move on to the next news article this news article is about the warning issued against insulin pumps the analysis of this news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and then under general science the food and drug administration of the united states government has issued a warning about the cyber security risks that are associated with insulin pumps manufactured by an American medical supplier metronic so as a result of this the central drug standard control organization of India has also issued a warning on the same now since the warning has been issued that the insulin pumps made by this company as some cyber security weaknesses any unauthorized person could connect wirelessly to this particular device the person could change the settings of the insulin pump if the person changes the setting to over deliver the insulin to a patient say then it will lead to low blood sugar which is also called as hypoglycemia or say if the person may change the settings to stop insulin delivery then this will lead to high blood sugar and diabetic ketoacidosis now let us see what is this diabetic ketoacidosis it is a serious complication of diabetes that develops when body cannot produce enough insulin so without enough insulin the human body begins to break down fat as fuel this process produces high levels of blood acids in the bloodstream which are called as ketones and these ketones lead to diabetic ketoacidosis now this condition of diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to a loss of consciousness and ultimately it will even lead to death human body normally derives the glucose from the carbohydrates that we eat so this derived glucose is the main source of energy for any human body now the excess glucose which is produced in the body is converted by insulin hormone into glycogen and this glycogen is naturally stored in the liver and muscles so whenever we are not eating this glycogen that is stored in the liver and muscles will be converted into glucose so the human body gets the enough energy to function normally when we don't eat so this is the role of insulin in maintaining the blood glucose levels if you see and this insulin is a hormone which is secreted in the beta cells of pancreas we recently seen news that India's the diabetic capital of the world then people are affected by type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes now let us see what is this type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes when a person is having type 1 diabetes the human body does not produce insulin but any of the blood sugar level has to be moderated here therefore for such patients insulin is pumped into the human body using a pump and this pump will be the size of a foam insulin pump supply a steady amount of insulin into the body through a small tube so in type 1 diabetes body responds to the injected or pumped insulin and hence the blood sugar level is being able to be regulated now in case of type 2 diabetes the human body does not respond to insulin at all in the later time the human body also does not produce insulin so in type 2 diabetes the treatment methods will focus on how to make the human body respond to insulin for this the doctors suggest diet exercises and sometimes medications as well now during our starting of this news analysis we saw that central drug standard control organization has also issued a warning based on the lines of the food and drug administration of united states now let us see what is this central drug standard control organization it is the central drug authority it discharges the functions assigned to the central government under the drugs and cosmetics act of 1940 so this central drug standard control organization is the national regulatory authority for drugs in India and it is established under directorate general of health service under the ministry of health and family welfare now this central drug standard control organization is responsible for the approval of new drugs and also for the conduct of clinical trials here clinical trials means the process where one or more individuals volunteer to test new treatment methods to prevent, detect, treat or manage various diseases and clinical trials are basically done to evaluate the effects of treatment method on the health outcomes on human beings then this central drug standard control organization also prescribes the standards for drugs also it has control over the quality of imported drugs in the country then it coordinates the activities of state drug control organizations by providing expert advice this is basically to bring uniformity in the enforcement of the drugs and cosmetics act across the states then the central drug standard control organization is jointly responsible with the state regulators that is the state drug control organizations for the grant of licenses of certain specialized categories of critical drugs now have a look at the practice question let us move on to the next news article now this final news article is about the identification of a new gene that is directly linked to schizophrenia the analysis of this news article will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of national importance and also under general science the researchers from university of Queensland and Australia and schizophrenia research foundation in Chennai have identified a new gene this new gene is directly linked to the mental disorder schizophrenia the new gene is called as NAPR T1 and this has been identified by the researchers who carried out the research with an international collaboration which happened for a very long period of 18 years the team has analyzed the genomes of both sections of population the one section who are affected by schizophrenia and the other section were not affected by schizophrenia and they were able to observe that those individuals with schizophrenia were more likely to have a genetic variation now this schizophrenia comes under the classification of psychotic disorders those affected by psychotic disorders lose their touch with the reality or you can tell that they're detached from reality so they live in their own world there are also other set of disorders in psychology which are grouped under neurotic disorders for example your anxiety disorder antisocial personality disorder are some of the neurotic disorders in this neurotic disorders they have certain behavioral issues but they never lose their touch with reality and life but in case of schizophrenia they lose their touch with reality now the individuals with schizophrenia characterized with severe disturbances in mental modalities such as thinking cognition and perception then persistent delusions persistent hallucinations thought disorder and experiences of influence are some of the core symptoms which are associated with this psychotic disorder now here a persistent hallucination means of having a faulty perception of something even in the absence of it that is the affected person may hear or see or smell a person commanding him to do something but in reality there won't be such a person and then he perceives a person even in the absence of external stimulus then in delusion the affected person will have false beliefs for example the person may believe that his or her activities are being broadcasted in the television now this research studies special because now they have identified a new gene this gene may be considered for whether any modification is possible to save the individuals who are affected by schizophrenia through gene therapy so gene therapy will be used to cure these individuals let us move on to the practice questions discussion session the first question is the economic survey is published by which of the following sometimes you may get a very direct simple questions like this and we may not study even such simple questions but always try to know all the facts related to a particular topic now we have seen during our analysis that the economic survey is released by the economic division and this economic division comes under the department of economic affairs so here the correct answer is option B department of economic affairs know that this department of economic affairs comes under the ministry of finance so the correct answer is option B department of economic affairs moving on to the second question consider the following statements and they have given two statements regarding total fertility rate and replacement level fertility and they have asked you to choose the correct statements in the first statement one definition of total fertility rate is given the given definition is actually correct so this statement is also correct even if you don't know the definition you can use your English knowledge we know that fertility is the ability to conceive children that is to have children and the statement also states that the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman of a childbearing age in a lifetime it resembles a basic English meaning of fertility so you can just use a strict to remember the definition now if you look at the second statement the total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman is called the replacement level fertility now this is a confusing statement because to understand the statement you have to carefully read it it is saying that when the total fertility rate value is 2.1 children per women then it is called as replacement level fertility the statement is actually correct this value represents the average number of children a woman would need to have in order for the population to replace itself if replacement level fertility is sustained over a sufficiently long period then each generation will exactly replace itself without any need for the country to balance the population by international migration now as it is happening in some of the countries where their population is getting older now so here we know that both the statements are correct and this question is asked for the correct statements so the correct answer is option C both 1 and 2 moving on to the next question which of the following hormone is produced by pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels in human body this is again a direct question here the correct answer is option D insulin so insulin is the hormone which is produced by the pancreas and which is responsible for the regulation of the sugar levels in the blood in a human body now let us see about the hormones which are mentioned in the options adrenaline adrenaline is a hormone that is released during the moments of crisis where a person faces a situation either to fight or to escape so you often hear terms like adrenaline rush used by some of our friends so this particular hormone is related to this particular function next cortisol cortisol is actually a stress hormone it is released when a person is having and next is the gas in hormone this hormone is responsible for the release of gastric acid now this acid breaks down the proteins in the food that we eat so the correct answer for this question is option D insulin moving on to the main question credible statistical data enables pragmatic policies in order to effectively tackle unemployment crisis in the light of the above statement discuss the need of periodic labour force survey for answering the question first you can say how a credible statistical data enables pragmatic policies in order to effectively tackle unemployment crisis so pragmatic is to have a practical solution in the future you can say when there is data then the policies can be adjusted accordingly the policies can take the shape based on what is need of the heart then for answering the second part of the question that is the need of periodic labour force survey you can say some two lines about the survey like it is released by the ministry of statistics and program implementation then it measures the employment and unemployment status of the country then you can add that this periodic labour force survey is a quarterly data so it gives us a better estimates of how the same family and the same household is responding over a period of time such as do the family stay in employment in that particular time period or do they lose employment or does it go from casual employment to regular employment and so on so in these lines you can approach this particular main question but this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice question discussion session do like comment and share the video and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates stay focused and motivated friends thank you