 Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series, or we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos So let's talk a little bit about The lymph and a lymph drainage and some of those associated pathologies with that particular lymph system So we're gonna break these up into clusters of lymph nodes what it drains and then how it's associated with the pathology So our first lymph node cluster is going to be the cervical or the supra clavicular lymph nodes These are in the head and neck area of the body and it's associated with any pathologies associated with upper respiratory tract infections Infectious mono and Kawasaki's disease so if you have any viral infections of the Upper portions of the body upper respiratory tract head neck Then you can't have lymph adenopathy when you have one of these diseases The next lymph node cluster is the mediastinal lymph node This is around the trachea and the esophagus and it is paired together with the hyalur lymph nodes Which are near the lungs in the middle of the body Mostly because of the pathologies that it's associated with The mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes will be associated with these same diseases and pathologies So pulmonary TB is associated with both the mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes and hyalur lymph adenopathy sarcoidosis primary lung cancer and granuloma adis disease all four of those Will be drained by the mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes So if you do have any issues associated with that we need to biopsy the lymph nodes Those are the two lymph node systems that we will go to see if there's any lymph drainage and effects with that particular lymph node system and then we have the axillary lymph node system This drains the upper limb the breast and the skin above the umbilicus It's most commonly associated with mastitis and then metastasis So the most common thing that we'll see with this is a association with breast cancer So patients that are diagnosed with breast cancer We always look to the lymph nodes to see if there's any metastasis if it's moved anywhere else besides in that breast tissue It can move in other directions, but typically the first place it goes is to where its lymph drainage is So we will check the axillary lymph nodes to see if there is any Presence of those cancer cells if so then we can determine how much further it could have spread through the body via the lymph system The next lymph node cluster we'll talk about is the celiac cluster and then we'll also discuss superior and inferior mesenteric They are all grouped together here because their pathologies are the same The celiac though, however only drains the liver stomach spleen pancreas and upper part of the duodenum It does not touch any of the other systems in the Abdomen that the superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes will even though it's associated with the same pathologies your Superior mesenteric is the lower duodenum the jedgenum the ilium and then the colon only up to the splinic flexure so in that left upper quadrant where we have the Transverse colon become the descending colon that is where the superior mesenteric lymph nodes Cut off and below that is where we have our inferior mesenteric They come from the splinic flexure to the upper part of the rectum. So how are these all associated with the same pathologies? Well, mesenteric lymph adenitis typhoid fever ulcerative colitis and celiac disease Can all be associated with many of these different lymph node systems? So you can have inflammation in any of these associated with any of those particular pathologies The para aortic lymph node system drains the testes ovaries kidneys and uterus Most commonly associated with metastasis here You may look at this and go hold on one second the ovaries are in the lower part of the abdomen The testes are in the scrotum even further south from that point Pretty far away from the kidneys uterus, you know down in the ovaries area, but testes specifically remember the testes Specifically develop well up into the abdomen and then they descend so their Venus and their arterial blood supply and their origination and lymph drainage will all come from higher up in the body Than where they currently reside Wrapping up our lymph node clusters We cluster these three particular clusters together the external iliac the internal iliac and the superficial inguinal Because of their associated pathologies as well So our external iliac is Associated with the cervix the superior bladder and the body of the uterus the internal iliac is our lower rectum So remember we mentioned previously the inferior mesenteric goes to the upper part of the rectum From that point the internal iliac takes over on the lower part of the rectum to the anal canal And it's specifically the anal canal above the pectinate line If you remember back into our gi discussions the pectinate line is that white line That separates the internal anus from the external anal canal The bladder vagina middle third of that cervix and the prostate are all drained by the internal iliac And then the superficial inguinal is going to be the anal canal below the pectate line so Almost to the exterior of the body the skin below the umbilicus except for the popliteal area the scrotum and the vulva So the testes reside in the scrotum, but they're not drained by the same inguinal lymph nodes as The testes are so the testes remember come from further up in the body from the para aortic and then The scrotum comes from the superficial inguinal The popliteal lymph node cluster the final lymph node cluster we'll talk about is Located near the knee and it is the dorsolateral foot and posterior calf that are drained by the popliteal lymph nodes And it's associated pathologies here are going to be lateral foot and leg cellulitis If you found this material helpful for your studying Please like and consider subscribing to the channel also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have