 Polymeric foams have become ubiquitous due to their unique properties which include low density and thermal conductivity making them ideal thermal and sound insulators as well as structural and comfort materials. However, the production of these foams is heavily reliant on petrochemicals which will soon be subject to increasingly stringent regulation and consumer demand. To address this challenge, existing raw materials and processes must be adapted to use renewable resources and new technologies such as 3D printing. This paper reviews the fundamentals of polymeric foam production, discusses the impending challenges facing the industry, and presents potential solutions. These include recycling, enhanced properties, and improved sustainability. This article was authored by Nuno V. Gamma, Artur Ferreira, and Nuno Baro Stimmins.