 मैं, भी दी तरूब आती। मौदिन शुद्टिटिन्स रेबर पोलिँस़ी पाच्च्इस्तान अंगे पर रागटिटें अपने च्टान वेदे ती चलीद मैं परत्स्टान और भरर सद्चान आती दोई नागे च्टानदशानी धेहे ली लेड़द भाच्टान नागे और अर नाच्रली ये पोलीसी होता है पर इसके उपर जो लाजिसलेशन होती है, फिर ये लोगे स्थेटिस पे आता है, और फिर जो वरकर्स हैं उनको राइट्स अर अबलिगेशन जो है, उनके साथ अटेज की आजता है. तो इदस्टीर लेशन्ज अक 2012 जो है, ये उनक्टेड लोग बाई पारलिमंट है. इसके अंट्रॉटक्छन में आपको बताना ये जो इद्श्टीर लेशन्ज अक 2012 है, जिसकी अप्रीवियेशन आई आई 2012 भी लिखी जाती है. ये रगूलेट हुआ ता for the formation of trade unions, to regulate trade union activities, or to regulate relations between employers and workmen, or to regulate the settlement of industrial dispute, or इसे मिलते जुलते मामलाद के मुतल लिख. After 18th amendment, several constitutional petitions challenged the validity of IRA since the regulation of labour is no longer remained with the legislative competence of the Majlishe Shuran. The IRA in 2012 has been made by the Federal Legislature, that is, the parliament. Now, in the province domain, the issue has been discussed that the policies or laws related to labour and workers will be made in the provinces. So, in this domain, is the IRA valid law after 18th amendment or not? People have filed petitions in the high courts to see what development is. A case law I am discussing with you in this demand is KESC versus NIRC and Pakistan Workers' Federation versus Government of Pakistan, the Sindh and Blochistan high courts respectively upheld the validity of the IRA on the ground that its provisions apply only to trans-provincial concerns, which the parliament is empowered to regulate. The high courts also tackled other pertinent questions regarding the power of provincial legislatures in the regulation and legislation of trans-provincial industries and the extent of provincial autonomy after the 18th amendment. My dear students, this case revisits these landmark cases and underlines the important principles that the courts have adopted to dissolve disputes concerning legislative competence of the federal and provincial legislatures following the 18th amendment. My dear students, for this purpose, this case explores the background of the IRA that is Industrial Relations Act 2012, the prior law and the judgment of the Sindh high court and the Blochistan high court in the KESC and the Pakistan Workers' Federation. It also includes brief observations on how the law, if applied, prospectively can help resolve labor-related disputes. My dear students, point to be noted that the IRA was enacted to regulate industrial relations with regard to trans-provincial enterprises and those operating in Islamabad territory. My dear students, now we need to see what are the trans-provincial concerns of the IRA. Section 2 defines trans-provincial in the words any establishment, group of establishment or industry having its branches in more than one province. To any business concern whose branches are in one province or third or fourth, it is called trans-provincial concern. My dear students, you would be enlightened to know that this case law includes brief observations on how the law was made and how it was applied prospectively and how labor disputes were handled. Very pertinent to note that IRA established National Industrial Relations Commission which is called NIRC and it is a parallel legal forum for resolution of disputes in trans-provincial establishments in addition to the labor courts established under Provincial Industrial Relations Statutes. Hope you have little bit introduction of IRA 2012. Thank you very much indeed.